Hydrogen Cyanide

Basic Info

Common NameHydrogen Cyanide(F03376)
2D Structure
Description

Hydrogen cyanide (with the historical common name of Prussic acid) is a chemical compound with chemical formula HCN. It is a colorless, extremely poisonous liquid that boils slightly above room temperature at 26 C (79ЎF). A hydrogen cyanide concentration of 300 mg/m3 in air will kill a human within 10Р60 minutes.[38] A hydrogen cyanide concentration of 3500 ppm (about 3200 mg/m3) will kill a human in about 1 minute.[38] The toxicity is caused by the cyanide ion, which halts cellular respiration by acting as a non-competitive inhibitor for an enzyme in mitochondria called cytochrome c oxidase.

FRCD IDF03376
CAS Number74-90-8
PubChem CID768
FormulaCHN
IUPAC Name

formonitrile

InChI Key

LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/CHN/c1-2/h1H

Canonical SMILES

C#N

Isomeric SMILES

C#N

WikipediaHydrogen Cyanide
Synonyms
        
            Prussic acid
        
            hydrogen cyanide
        
            hydrocyanic acid
        
            Formonitrile
        
            Cyanwasserstoff
        
            Blausaeure
        
            Formic anammonide
        
            Zyklon B
        
            Zaclondiscoids
        
            Cyclon
Classifies
                

                  
                    Pollutant
                  
                    Pesticide
Update DateNov 13, 2018 17:07

Chemical Taxonomy

KingdomOrganic compounds
SuperclassOrganic nitrogen compounds
ClassOrganonitrogen compounds
SubclassOrganic cyanides
Intermediate Tree NodesNot available
Direct ParentNitriles
Alternative Parents
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
SubstituentsCarbonitrile - Organopnictogen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Aliphatic acyclic compound
DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nitriles. These are compounds having the structure RC#N; thus C-substituted derivatives of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N.

Properties

Property NameProperty Value
Molecular Weight27.026
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count1
Rotatable Bond Count0
Complexity10
Monoisotopic Mass27.011
Exact Mass27.011
XLogP0.1
Formal Charge0
Heavy Atom Count2
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Isotope Atom Count0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count1

MRLs

FoodProduct CodeCountryMRLsApplication DateNotes
Other Cereals Do Not Include RiceBritain15mg/kg
RiceBritain15mg/kg
MilletBritain15mg/kg
BuckwheatBritain15mg/kg
MaizeBritain15mg/kg
TriticaleBritain15mg/kg
OatsBritain15mg/kg
SorghumBritain15mg/kg
BarleyBritain15mg/kg
RyeBritain15mg/kg
WheatBritain15mg/kg
HopJapan1ppm
Cacao BeansJapan30ppm
Coffee BeansJapan1ppm
TeaJapan1ppm
GrapefruitJapan50ppm
Orange(Including Navel Orange)Japan50ppm
LemonJapan50ppm
SugarcaneJapan1ppm
Sugar BeetJapan1ppm

References

TitleJournalDatePubmed ID
Cyanogenesis in Arthropods: From Chemical Warfare to Nuptial Gifts.Insects2018 May 329751568
Biosynthesis and regulation of cyanogenic glycoside production in forage plants.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol2018 Jan29022076
Thermal behavior of inosine 5'-monophosphate in acidic form and as alkali andalkaline earth salts.Food Chem2018 Aug 3029655723
Antinutritional factors and hypocholesterolemic effect of wild apricot kernel (Prunus armeniaca L.) as affected by detoxification.Food Funct2018 Apr 2529644368
A socio-scientific analysis of the environmental and health benefits as well aspotential risks of cassava production and consumption.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int2017 Feb28013470
<i>Bacillus</i>: A Biological Tool for Crop Improvement through Bio-Molecular Changes in Adverse Environments.Front Physiol201728932199
An <i>In vitro</i> Study of Bio-Control and Plant Growth Promotion Potential of Salicaceae Endophytes.Front Microbiol201728348550
In vitro assessment of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of boiled juice (tucupi) from Manihot esculenta Crantz roots.Genet Mol Res2016 Oct 527808379
Application of the Prunus spp. Cyanide Seed Defense System onto Wheat: ReducedInsect Feeding and Field Growth Tests.J Agric Food Chem2016 May 1127119432
Lepidopteran defence droplets - a composite physical and chemical weapon against potential predators.Sci Rep2016 Mar 426940001
Selenium in Cattle: A Review.Molecules2016 Apr 2327120589
Characterisation of Development and Electrophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Rhythmicity of the Avian Lymph Heart.PLoS One201627930653
Zinc-Induced Effects on Osteoclastogenesis Involves Activation ofHyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide Modulated Channels via Changes inMembrane Potential.J Bone Miner Res2015 Sep25762086
Detection and characterization of broad-spectrum antipathogen activity of novelrhizobacterial isolates and suppression of Fusarium crown and root rot disease oftomato.J Appl Microbiol2015 Mar25512025
Salt tolerant SUV3 overexpressing transgenic rice plants conserve physicochemical properties and microbial communities of rhizosphere.Chemosphere2015 Jan25303666
Regulation of GacA in Pseudomonas chlororaphis Strains Shows a Niche Specificity.PLoS One201526379125
Variation in cyanogenic glycosides across populations of wild lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus) has no apparent effect on bruchid beetle performance.J Chem Ecol2014 May24863488
[Health risks from pest control products].Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz2014 May24781915
Transcriptional regulation of de novo biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides throughout the life-cycle of the burnet moth Zygaena filipendulae (Lepidoptera).Insect Biochem Mol Biol2014 Jun24727026
Chemical defense balanced by sequestration and de novo biosynthesis in a lepidopteran specialist.PLoS One201425299618