Guthion
(right click,save link as to download,it is a temp file,please download as soon as possible, you can also use CTRL+S to save the whole html page)
Basic Info
| Common Name | Guthion(F03378) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Guthion, also called azinphos-methyl, is a synthetic organophosphorous pesticide. It has been used on many different crops, especially apples, pears, cherries, peaches, almonds, and cotton. Due to its toxicity, its use has been banned or tightly regulated in most areas today. (L580) |
| FRCD ID | F03378 |
| CAS Number | 86-50-0 |
| PubChem CID | 2268 |
| Formula | C10H12N3O3PS2 |
| IUPAC Name | 3-(dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylmethyl)-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one |
| InChI Key | CJJOSEISRRTUQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C10H12N3O3PS2/c1-15-17(18,16-2)19-7-13-10(14)8-5-3-4-6-9(8)11-12-13/h3-6H,7H2,1-2H3 |
| Canonical SMILES | COP(=S)(OC)SCN1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N=N1 |
| Isomeric SMILES | COP(=S)(OC)SCN1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2N=N1 |
| Wikipedia | Guthion |
| Synonyms |
Methylazinphos
Azinphos-methyl
Azinphosmethyl
azinphos methyl
Guthion
86-50-0
Azinphos
Methylgusathion
Metiltriazotion
Crysthyon
|
| Classifies |
Pollutant
Pesticide
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
| Class | Benzo-1,2,3-triazines |
| Subclass | Benzotriazine organothiophosphates |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Benzotriazine organothiophosphates |
| Alternative Parents |
|
| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Benzotriazine organothiophosphate - Triazinone - Triazine - Dithiophosphate s-ester - Benzenoid - 1,2,3-triazine - Dithiophosphate o-ester - Heteroaromatic compound - Organic dithiophosphate - Lactam - Azacycle - Sulfenyl compound - Organothiophosphorus compound - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Organic nitrogen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organosulfur compound - Organic oxide - Organopnictogen compound - Organic oxygen compound - Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzotriazine organothiophosphates. These are aromatic compounds containing a benzo-1,2,3-triazine, which is substituted by an organothiophosphate group at the 3-position. Their general structure is R-CSP(=S)(OR')OR'', where R=benzo-1,2,3-triazine, R',R\" = any atom. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 317.318 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 7 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 5 |
| Complexity | 413 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 317.006 |
| Exact Mass | 317.006 |
| XLogP | 2.8 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 19 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.8989 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.9824 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2- | 0.5244 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6792 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.5332 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.8103 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.7440 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.7968 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6900 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7861 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Substrate | 0.6830 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.5653 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.5566 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8546 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.6540 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.7959 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.7584 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9429 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.6424 | |
| AMES Toxicity | AMES toxic | 0.9107 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.8440 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.8778 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.8707 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.6889 |
| Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | 0.5088 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | I | 0.7944 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.6970 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -3.6868 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 1.0666 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 4.6252 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 1.6417 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | 0.4887 | pIGC50, ug/L |
MRLs
| Food | Product Code | Country | MRLs | Application Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrus fruits | 0110000 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Grapefruits (Natsudaidais, Shaddocks/pomelos, Sweeties/oroblancos, Tangelolos, Tangelos (except minneolas)/Ugli®, Other hybrids of Citrus paradisi, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110010 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Oranges (Bergamots, Bitter oranges/sour oranges, Blood oranges, Cara caras, Chinottos, Trifoliate oranges, Other hybrids of Citrus sinensis, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110020 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Lemons (Buddha's hands/Buddha's fingers, Citrons,) | 0110030 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Limes (Indian sweet limes/Palestine sweet limes, Kaffir limes, Sweet limes/mosambis, Tahiti limes, Limequats,) | 0110040 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Mandarins (Calamondins, Clementines, Cleopatra mandarins, Minneolas, Satsumas/clausellinas, Tangerines/dancy mandarins, Tangors, Other hybrids of Citrus reticulata, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110050 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Others (2) | 0110990 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Tree nuts | 0120000 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Almonds (Apricot kernels, Bitter almonds, Canarium nuts/galip nuts, Pili nuts, Okari nuts,) | 0120010 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Brazil nuts | 0120020 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Cashew nuts | 0120030 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Chestnuts | 0120040 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Coconuts (Areca nuts/betel nuts,) | 0120050 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Hazelnuts/cobnuts (Acorns, Filberts,) | 0120060 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Macadamias | 0120070 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Pecans (Hickory nuts,) | 0120080 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Pistachios | 0120100 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Walnuts | 0120110 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Others (2) | 0120990 | European Union | 0.5 | 01/09/2008 | |
| Apples (Crab apples/wild apples, Tejocotes,) | 0130010 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Occurrence of pesticide residues in Spanish beeswax. | Sci Total Environ | 2017 Dec 15 | 28679118 |
| Conifer flavonoid compounds inhibit detoxification enzymes and synergizeinsecticides. | Pestic Biochem Physiol | 2016 Feb | 26821651 |
| Comparative biology and pesticide susceptibility of Amblydromella caudiglans and Galendromus occidentalis as spider mite predators in apple orchards. | Exp Appl Acarol | 2015 Sep | 26058386 |
| Recovery study of cholinesterases and neurotoxic signs in the non-targetfreshwater invertebrate Chilina gibbosa after an acute exposure to anenvironmental concentration of azinphos-methyl. | Aquat Toxicol | 2015 Oct | 26364254 |
| Vortex-assisted low density solvent liquid-liquid microextraction andsalt-induced demulsification coupled to high performance liquid chromatographyfor the determination of five organophosphorus pesticide residues in fruits. | Talanta | 2015 Jan | 25476376 |
| Use of graphene and gold nanorods as substrates for the detection of pesticidesby surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. | J Agric Food Chem | 2014 Oct 29 | 25317673 |
| Method for the quantification of current use and persistent pesticides in cowmilk, human milk and baby formula using gas chromatography tandem massspectrometry. | J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci | 2014 Nov 1 | 25261753 |
| Community air monitoring for pesticides-part 2: multiresidue determination ofpesticides in air by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | Environ Monit Assess | 2014 Mar | 24370860 |
| Study on the effect of chain-length compatibility of mixed anionic-cationicsurfactants on the cloud-point extraction of selected organophosphoruspesticides. | Anal Bioanal Chem | 2012 Sep | 22760506 |
| Response of biomarkers in amphibian larvae to in situ exposures in afruit-producing region in North Patagonia, Argentina. | Environ Toxicol Chem | 2012 Oct | 22821413 |
| Pesticide application and detection in variable agricultural intensity watershedsand their river systems in the maritime region of Canada. | Arch Environ Contam Toxicol | 2012 Nov | 22903630 |
| Development of a rapid resistance monitoring bioassay for codling moth larvae. | Pest Manag Sci | 2012 Jun | 22262512 |
| Catanionic surfactant ambient cloud point extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous analysis of organophosphorus pesticide residuesin water and fruit juice samples. | Anal Bioanal Chem | 2011 Sep | 21744237 |
| Pesticide dissipation curves in peach, pear and tomato crops in Uruguay. | J Environ Sci Health B | 2011 | 20972921 |
| Effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of endosulfan, azinphosmethyl,and diazinon on Great Basin spadefoot (Spea intermontana) and Pacific treefrog(Pseudacris regilla). | Environ Toxicol Chem | 2010 Jul | 20821611 |
| Plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adult mortality and associated fruitinjury after exposure to field-aged insecticides on tart cherry branches. | J Econ Entomol | 2010 Aug | 20857728 |
| Survey of organophosphorus pesticide residues in virgin olive oils produced inChile. | Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill | 2010 | 24785499 |
| Antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects of vegetable matrices on the activity of pesticides. | Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess | 2009Jul | 19680980 |
| Dialkylphosphates (DAPs) in fruits and vegetables may confound biomonitoring inorganophosphorus insecticide exposure and risk assessment. | J Agric Food Chem | 2008 Nov 26 | 18947233 |
| Environmental stresses induce the expression of putative glycine-rich insectcuticular protein genes in adult Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). | Insect Mol Biol | 2008 Jun | 18477239 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID:
- P33261
- Molecular Weight:
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID:
- P20813
- Molecular Weight:
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P04798
- Molecular Weight:
- 58164.815 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- This enzyme metabolizes arachidonic acid predominantly via a NADPH-dependent olefin epoxidation to all four regioisomeric cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. One of the predominant enzymes responsible for the epoxidation of endogenous cardiac arachidonic acid pools.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2J2
- Uniprot ID:
- P51589
- Molecular Weight:
- 57610.165 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C18
- Uniprot ID:
- P33260
- Molecular Weight:
- 55710.075 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID:
- P20815
- Molecular Weight:
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID:
- P11712
- Molecular Weight:
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID:
- P10635
- Molecular Weight:
- 55768.94 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Protease binding
- Specific Function:
- Initiates blood coagulation by forming a complex with circulating factor VII or VIIa. The [TF:VIIa] complex activates factors IX or X by specific limited protolysis. TF plays a role in normal hemostasis by initiating the cell-surface assembly and propagation of the coagulation protease cascade.
- Gene Name:
- F3
- Uniprot ID:
- P13726
- Molecular Weight:
- 33067.3 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Scaffold protein binding
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for extracellular adenine nucleotides such as ATP and ADP. In platelets binding to ADP leads to mobilization of intracellular calcium ions via activation of phospholipase C, a change in platelet shape, and probably to platelet aggregation.
- Gene Name:
- P2RY1
- Uniprot ID:
- P47900
- Molecular Weight:
- 42071.08 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Serine hydrolase activity
- Specific Function:
- Terminates signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction by rapid hydrolysis of the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft. Role in neuronal apoptosis.
- Gene Name:
- ACHE
- Uniprot ID:
- P22303
- Molecular Weight:
- 67795.525 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Guthion and its reactive metabolite, gutoxon, directly effect the nervous system by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the central and peripheral nervous system. Gutoxon reacts with a serine hydroxyl group at the active site of AChE, rendering it largely unreactive. Thus acetylcholine accumulates in the neuromuscular juntions of cholinergic nerves, causing continual stimulation of electrical activity by both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Gutoxon has been shown to be the more potent inhibitor.
References
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (1990). Toxicological profile for guthion. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). : http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp188.html
- General Function:
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide (PubMed:11159812). Catalyzes 4-beta-hydroxylation of cholesterol. May catalyze 25-hydroxylation of cholesterol in vitro (PubMed:21576599).
- Gene Name:
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID:
- P08684
- Molecular Weight:
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID:
- P05177
- Molecular Weight:
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative regulator of isoform 1.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P22309
- Molecular Weight:
- 59590.91 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]