Parathion
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Parathion(F03387) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Parathion is a highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an acaricide and as an insecticide, generally applied by spraying, most often to cotton, rice, and fruit trees. Also called parathion-ethyl or diethyl parathion, parathion is an organophosphate compound. As parathion is highly toxic to non-target organisms, its use is banned or restricted in many areas. (L633) |
| FRCD ID | F03387 |
| CAS Number | 56-38-2 |
| PubChem CID | 991 |
| Formula | C10H14NO5PS |
| IUPAC Name | diethoxy-(4-nitrophenoxy)-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane |
| InChI Key | LCCNCVORNKJIRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C10H14NO5PS/c1-3-14-17(18,15-4-2)16-10-7-5-9(6-8-10)11(12)13/h5-8H,3-4H2,1-2H3 |
| Canonical SMILES | CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)[N+](=O)[O-] |
| Isomeric SMILES | CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)[N+](=O)[O-] |
| Wikipedia | Parathion |
| Synonyms |
alkron
parathion
ethyl parathion
Thiophos
phosphostigmine
Paraphos
Parathion-ethyl
corothion
corthione
danthion
|
| Classifies |
Pollutant
Pesticide
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Organic acids and derivatives |
| Class | Organic thiophosphoric acids and derivatives |
| Subclass | Thiophosphoric acid esters |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Aryl thiophosphates |
| Direct Parent | Phenyl thiophosphates |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Phenyl thiophosphate - Nitrobenzene - Phenoxy compound - Nitroaromatic compound - Thiophosphate triester - Monocyclic benzene moiety - Benzenoid - C-nitro compound - Organic nitro compound - Organic oxoazanium - Organic 1,3-dipolar compound - Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound - Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound - Organic nitrogen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Organic oxide - Organopnictogen compound - Organic oxygen compound - Aromatic homomonocyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenyl thiophosphates. These are organothiophosphorus compounds that contain a thiophosphoric acid O-esterified with a phenyl group. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 291.258 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 6 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 6 |
| Complexity | 304 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 291.033 |
| Exact Mass | 291.033 |
| XLogP | 3.8 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 18 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
MRLs
| Food | Product Code | Country | MRLs | Application Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walnuts | 0120110 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Pears (Nashi pears/Oriental pears, Wild pears, Ya pears/Chinese white pears,) | 0130020 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Passionfruits/maracujas (Banana passionfruits, Giant granadillas, Granadillas, Monstera fruits, Wingedstem passionflower fruits,) | 0162030 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Bananas (Cavendishes/grand nains, Cavendishes/grand nains, Cavendishes/grand nains, Dwarf bananas/lady fingers bananas, Plantains, Plantains, Plantains,) | 0163020 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Others (2) | 0231990 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Courgettes (Angled luffas/teroi, Bottle gourds/calabashes/lauki, Chayotes/christophines, Ivy gourds, Pointed gourds/parwals, Snake gourds, Sopropos/bitter melons/balsam pears, Summer squashes/zucch... | 0232030 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Celery leaves (Angelica (leaves and stems), Burnet, Caraway leaves, Coriander leaves, Culantro/false coriander leaves, Dill leaves, Fennel leaves, Fenugreek leaves, Herb of grace/rue, Lovage leaves... | 0256030 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Rose (Almond, Bee balm, Bitter orange/sour orange, Black locust, Cat’s foot, Chrysanthemum, Cinnamon, Clary sage, Cornflower, Cowslip/primrose, Daisy, Dyer’s broom, Elder, Field poppy, Great mullei... | 0631030 | European Union | 0.1* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Peas (Asparagus peas, Chickling vetches, Chickpeas/Bengal gram, Garden peas/green peas/mangetout/snow peas/split peas/sugar peas, Pigeon peas,) | 0300030 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Common millet/proso millet (Black fonio, Canary grass, Finger millet/African millet/koracan, Foxtail millet, Job's tears, Little millet, Pearl millet, Teff/tef, White fonio,) | 0500040 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| (f) poultry (Bobwhite quail, Chicken (including silkie chicken), Collared Dove, Duck, Geese, Green peafowl, Guinea fowl, Japanese quail, Muskovy duck, Mute swan, Partridge, Peafowl, Pheasant, Pigeo... | 1016000 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Edible offals (other than liver and kidney) | 1011050 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| (b) bovine (American buffalo, Banteng, Buffalo, European buffalo/wisent, Gayal, Yak (domestic), Zebu, Hybrids of genera Bison, Bos, Bubalus and Poëphagus,) | 1012000 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Strawberry (Absinth/common wormwood, Agrimony, Alfalfa/lucerne, Aloe (leaf gel), Alpine ladies mantle, Bearberry, Bilberry/European blueberry/whortleberry, Birch, Bitter orange/sour orange, Blackbe... | 0632010 | European Union | 0.1* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Pistachios | 0120100 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| FRUITS, FRESH or FROZEN; TREE NUTS | 0100000 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Citrus fruits | 0110000 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Grapefruits (Natsudaidais, Shaddocks/pomelos, Sweeties/oroblancos, Tangelolos, Tangelos (except minneolas)/Ugli®, Other hybrids of Citrus paradisi, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110010 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Oranges (Bergamots, Bitter oranges/sour oranges, Blood oranges, Cara caras, Chinottos, Trifoliate oranges, Other hybrids of Citrus sinensis, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110020 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 | |
| Lemons (Buddha's hands/Buddha's fingers, Citrons,) | 0110030 | European Union | 0.05* | 01/09/2008 |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Distribution and risk assessment of banned and other current-use pesticides insurface and groundwaters consumed in an agricultural catchment dominated by cocoacrops in the Ankobra Basin, Ghana. | Sci Total Environ | 2018 Aug 15 | 29597160 |
| Assessment of pesticide residues in vegetables from the Western Usambara andUruguru Mountains in Tanzania. | Environ Monit Assess | 2017 Sep 25 | 28948449 |
| Agrochemical loading in drains and rivers and its connection with pollution in coastal lagoons of the Mexican Pacific. | Environ Monit Assess | 2017 Jun | 28510105 |
| A sensitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay based on molecularly imprintedpolymers solid-phase extraction of parathion. | Anal Biochem | 2017 Aug 1 | 28499497 |
| Graphene quantum dot modified screen printed immunosensor for the determinationof parathion. | Anal Biochem | 2017 Apr 15 | 28161099 |
| Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Reduces Organophosphate Pesticide Absorption and Toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 2016 Oct 15 | 27520820 |
| Environmentally-friendly in situ plated bismuth-film electrode for thequantification of the endocrine disruptor parathion in skimmed milk. | J Hazard Mater | 2016 May 5 | 26812083 |
| Highly-sensitive organophosphorus pesticide biosensors based on CdTe quantum dotsand bi-enzyme immobilized eggshell membranes. | Analyst | 2016 Feb 7 | 26688862 |
| Novel approaches to mitigating parathion toxicity: targeting cytochromeP450-mediated metabolism with menadione. | Ann N Y Acad Sci | 2016 Aug | 27441453 |
| Rapid biodegradation of organophosphorus pesticides by Stenotrophomonas sp. G1. | J Hazard Mater | 2015 Oct 30 | 25938642 |
| Colorimetric and Phosphorimetric Dual-Signaling Strategy Mediated by Inner FilterEffect for Highly Sensitive Assay of Organophosphorus Pesticides. | J Agric Food Chem | 2015 Oct 14 | 26411607 |
| Simultaneous detection of imidacloprid and parathion by the dual-labeledtime-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. | Environ Sci Pollut Res Int | 2015 Oct | 25994268 |
| Epigallocatechin gallate, ellagic acid, and rosmarinic acid perturb dNTP poolsand inhibit de novo DNA synthesis and proliferation of human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells: Synergism with arabinofuranosylcytosine. | Phytomedicine | 2015 Jan 15 | 25636891 |
| Effects of short-term oral combined exposure to environmental immunotoxicchemicals in mice. | J Immunotoxicol | 2014 Oct | 24188624 |
| Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in stomach contents of postmortemanimals by QuEChERS and gas chromatography. | J Anal Toxicol | 2014 Nov-Dec | 25129879 |
| Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of five organophosphorus pesticides in camellia oil. | J Food Prot | 2014 Jul | 24988025 |
| Reciprocal regulation of autophagy and dNTP pools in human cancer cells. | Autophagy | 2014 Jul | 24905824 |
| Development of phage immuno-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays fororganophosphorus pesticides in agro-products. | Anal Chem | 2014 Aug 19 | 25135320 |
| Effect of ionising radiation on polyphenolic content and antioxidant potential ofparathion-treated sage (Salvia officinalis) leaves. | Food Chem | 2013 Nov 15 | 23790930 |
| Detoxification of pesticides aqueous solution using horseradish peroxidase. | Pak J Biol Sci | 2013 Mar 15 | 24498792 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Sulfotransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfonation of steroids and bile acids in the liver and adrenal glands.
- Gene Name:
- SULT2A1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q06520
- Molecular Weight:
- 33779.57 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID:
- P33261
- Molecular Weight:
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- This enzyme metabolizes arachidonic acid predominantly via a NADPH-dependent olefin epoxidation to all four regioisomeric cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. One of the predominant enzymes responsible for the epoxidation of endogenous cardiac arachidonic acid pools.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2J2
- Uniprot ID:
- P51589
- Molecular Weight:
- 57610.165 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID:
- P20813
- Molecular Weight:
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Serine hydrolase activity
- Specific Function:
- Terminates signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction by rapid hydrolysis of the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft. Role in neuronal apoptosis.
- Gene Name:
- ACHE
- Uniprot ID:
- P22303
- Molecular Weight:
- 67795.525 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- The active metabolite of parathion, paraoxon, inactivates acetylcholinesterase by phosphorylating the active site of the enzyme, thus inhibiting its activity in the nervous system and at the motor end-plate. As a result, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine accumulates in the nerve synapse or neuromuscular junction, producing overstimulation of cholinergic end organs.
References
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001). Toxicological profile for methyl parathion U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). : http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp48.html
- Specific Function:
- Keratin-binding protein required for epithelial cell polarization. Involved in apical junction complex (AJC) assembly via its interaction with PARD3. Required for ciliogenesis.
- Gene Name:
- FBF1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q8TES7
- Molecular Weight:
- 125445.19 Da
References
- Silva D, Cortez CM, Cunha-Bastos J, Louro SR: Methyl parathion interaction with human and bovine serum albumin. Toxicol Lett. 2004 Feb 28;147(1):53-61. [14700528 ]
- General Function:
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function:
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name:
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID:
- P08183
- Molecular Weight:
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Bain LJ, LeBlanc GA: Interaction of structurally diverse pesticides with the human MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Nov;141(1):288-98. [8917702 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Activated by the antibiotic rifampicin and various plant metabolites, such as hyperforin, guggulipid, colupulone, and isoflavones. Response to specific ligands is species-specific. Activated by naturally occurring steroids, such as pregnenolone and progesterone. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes.
- Gene Name:
- NR1I2
- Uniprot ID:
- O75469
- Molecular Weight:
- 49761.245 Da
References
- Kojima H, Sata F, Takeuchi S, Sueyoshi T, Nagai T: Comparative study of human and mouse pregnane X receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using in vitro reporter gene assays. Toxicology. 2011 Feb 27;280(3):77-87. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.11.008. Epub 2010 Nov 27. [21115097 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C18
- Uniprot ID:
- P33260
- Molecular Weight:
- 55710.075 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.
- Gene Name:
- AR
- Uniprot ID:
- P10275
- Molecular Weight:
- 98987.9 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID:
- P11712
- Molecular Weight:
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P04798
- Molecular Weight:
- 58164.815 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Transcription regulatory region dna binding
- Specific Function:
- Ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Binds to the XRE promoter region of genes it activates. Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Involved in cell-cycle regulation. Likely to play an important role in the development and maturation of many tissues. Regulates the circadian clock by inhibiting the basal and circadian expression of the core circadian component PER1. Inhibits PER1 by repressing the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer mediated transcriptional activation of PER1.
- Gene Name:
- AHR
- Uniprot ID:
- P35869
- Molecular Weight:
- 96146.705 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative regulator of isoform 1.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P22309
- Molecular Weight:
- 59590.91 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide (PubMed:11159812). Catalyzes 4-beta-hydroxylation of cholesterol. May catalyze 25-hydroxylation of cholesterol in vitro (PubMed:21576599).
- Gene Name:
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID:
- P08684
- Molecular Weight:
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID:
- P20815
- Molecular Weight:
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID:
- P05177
- Molecular Weight:
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]