Basic Info

Common NamePalladium(F03412)
2D Structure
Description

Palladium is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal. Palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of platinum group metals. The primary use for palladium is in catalytic converters for the automotive industry.

FRCD IDF03412
CAS Number7440-05-03
PubChem CID23938
FormulaPd
IUPAC Name

palladium

InChI Key

KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/Pd

Canonical SMILES

[Pd]

Isomeric SMILES

[Pd]

WikipediaPalladium
Synonyms
        
            Palladium on carbon
        
            Palladium
        
            7440-05-3
        
            Palladium Black
        
            paladio
        
            PD
        
            palladium/carbon
        
            Palladium element
        
            palladium charcoal
        
            Palladium, element
        
Classifies
                

                  
                    Metal
                  

                
        
Update DateNov 13, 2018 17:07

Chemical Taxonomy

KingdomInorganic compounds
SuperclassHomogeneous metal compounds
ClassHomogeneous transition metal compounds
SubclassNot available
Intermediate Tree NodesNot available
Direct ParentHomogeneous transition metal compounds
Alternative Parents
Molecular FrameworkNot available
SubstituentsHomogeneous transition metal
DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous transition metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a transition metal atom.

Properties

Property NameProperty Value
Molecular Weight106.42
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count0
Rotatable Bond Count0
Complexity0
Monoisotopic Mass105.903
Exact Mass105.903
Formal Charge0
Heavy Atom Count1
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Isotope Atom Count0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count1

ADMET

Model Result Probability
Absorption
Blood-Brain BarrierBBB+0.9733
Human Intestinal AbsorptionHIA+0.9838
Caco-2 PermeabilityCaco2+0.7354
P-glycoprotein SubstrateNon-substrate0.8850
P-glycoprotein InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9787
Non-inhibitor0.9858
Renal Organic Cation TransporterNon-inhibitor0.9108
Distribution
Subcellular localizationLysosome0.5856
Metabolism
CYP450 2C9 SubstrateNon-substrate0.8466
CYP450 2D6 SubstrateNon-substrate0.8259
CYP450 3A4 SubstrateNon-substrate0.8158
CYP450 1A2 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8807
CYP450 2C9 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9373
CYP450 2D6 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9708
CYP450 2C19 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9553
CYP450 3A4 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9880
CYP Inhibitory PromiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.8820
Excretion
Toxicity
Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene InhibitionWeak inhibitor0.9547
Non-inhibitor0.9746
AMES ToxicityNon AMES toxic0.9633
CarcinogensCarcinogens 0.6640
Fish ToxicityLow FHMT0.6181
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ToxicityLow TPT0.6631
Honey Bee ToxicityHigh HBT0.8314
BiodegradationReady biodegradable0.7326
Acute Oral ToxicityIII0.5846
Carcinogenicity (Three-class)Warning0.4769

Model Value Unit
Absorption
Aqueous solubility-1.0958LogS
Caco-2 Permeability1.6017LogPapp, cm/s
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Toxicity
Rat Acute Toxicity2.0135LD50, mol/kg
Fish Toxicity1.5413pLC50, mg/L
Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity-0.7156pIGC50, ug/L

References

TitleJournalDatePubmed ID
An ITO-based point-of-care colorimetric immunosensor for ochratoxin A detection.Talanta2018 Oct 130029418
Discrimination of infectious and heat-treated norovirus by combining platinumcompounds and real-time RT-PCR.Int J Food Microbiol2018 Mar 2329421360
Palladium nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide sheets synthesized using Ficus carica fruit extract: A catalyst for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions.PLoS One2018 Feb 2129466453
Are sainfoin or protein supplements alternatives to control small strongyleinfection in horses?Animal2018 Feb28535838
Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Powerful Tool for the Synthesisof Agrochemicals.J Agric Food Chem2018 Aug 1330060657
Effects of noble metal nanoparticles on the hydroxyl radical scavenging abilityof dietary antioxidants.J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev2018 Apr 329667503
Palladium Nanoparticles Immobilized on Individual Calcium Carbonate PlatesDerived from Mussel Shell Waste: An Ecofriendly Catalyst for the Copper-FreeSonogashira Coupling Reaction.Chem Asian J2017 Sep 528544781
Controlling the Deposition of Pd on Au Nanocages: Outer Surface Only versus Both Outer and Inner Surfaces.Nano Lett2017 Sep 1328777579
Biomonitoring of 29 trace elements in whole blood from inhabitants of Cotonou(Benin) by ICP-MS.J Trace Elem Med Biol2017 Sep27847219
Multi-elemental analysis of human lung samples using inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry.J Trace Elem Med Biol2017 Sep27890402
Palladium Nanoparticles-Based Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Aptasensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Aflatoxin M₁ in Milk.Toxins (Basel)2017 Oct 1329027938
Characterization and origin of organic and inorganic pollution in urban soils in Pisa (Tuscany, Italy).Environ Monit Assess2017 Oct 1229027050
Partial Hydrogenation of Sunflower Oil-derived FAMEs Catalyzed by the Efficientand Recyclable Palladium Nanoparticles in Polyethylene Glycol.J Oleo Sci2017 Oct 128924078
Transition Metal (II) Complexes with a Novel Azo-azomethine Schiff Base Ligand:Synthesis, Structural and Spectroscopic Characterization, Thermal Properties and Biological Applications.J Fluoresc2017 Nov28840399
Bacterial effects and interfacial inactivation mechanism of nZVI/Pd on Pseudomonas putida strain.Water Res2017 May 1528285239
Electrochemical simulation of biotransformation reactions of citrinin and dihydroergocristine compared to UV irradiation and Fenton-like reaction.Anal Bioanal Chem2017 Jun28424858
Analysis of the effect of temperature and reaction time on yields, compositionsand oil quality in catalytic and non-catalytic lignin solvolysis in a formicacid/water media using experimental design.Bioresour Technol2017 Jun28319777
Formation of iron oxide/Pd hybrid nanostructures with enhanced peroxidase-likeactivity and catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol.J Environ Sci Health C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev2017 Jul 328532274
Activated-Lignite-Based Super Large Granular Slow-Release Fertilizers ImproveApple Tree Growth: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Laboratory and FieldEvaluations.J Agric Food Chem2017 Jul 2628671837
Selectivity Control in the Tandem Aromatization of Bio-Based Furanics Catalyzedby Solid Acids and Palladium.ChemSusChem2017 Jan 1027557889

Targets

General Function:
Creatine kinase activity
Specific Function:
Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens (e.g. creatine phosphate). Creatine kinase isoenzymes play a central role in energy transduction in tissues with large, fluctuating energy demands, such as skeletal muscle, heart, brain and spermatozoa.
Gene Name:
CKM
Uniprot ID:
P06732
Molecular Weight:
43100.91 Da
Mechanism of Action:
Palladium inhibits creatine kinase by forming a complex with its essential SH groups.
References
  1. Liu TZ, Khayam-Bashi H, Bhatnagar RS: Inhibition of creatine kinase activity and alterations in electrophoretic mobility by palladium ions. J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1979 Jan-Feb;2(3):907-16. [422942 ]
General Function:
Procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
Specific Function:
Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins.
Gene Name:
P4HA1
Uniprot ID:
P13674
Molecular Weight:
61048.775 Da
Mechanism of Action:
Palladium irreversibly inhibits prolyl hydroxylase by replacing Fe2+ in the active site, forming a strong complex with the enzyme.
References
  1. Rapaka RS, Sorensen KR, Lee SD, Bhatnagar RS: Inhibition of hydroxyproline synthesis by palladium ions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Mar 11;429(1):63-71. [177068 ]
General Function:
Procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
Specific Function:
Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins.
Gene Name:
P4HA2
Uniprot ID:
O15460
Molecular Weight:
60901.42 Da
Mechanism of Action:
Palladium irreversibly inhibits prolyl hydroxylase by replacing Fe2+ in the active site, forming a strong complex with the enzyme.
References
  1. Rapaka RS, Sorensen KR, Lee SD, Bhatnagar RS: Inhibition of hydroxyproline synthesis by palladium ions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Mar 11;429(1):63-71. [177068 ]
General Function:
Procollagen-proline 4-dioxygenase activity
Specific Function:
Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins.
Gene Name:
P4HA3
Uniprot ID:
Q7Z4N8
Molecular Weight:
61125.675 Da
Mechanism of Action:
Palladium irreversibly inhibits prolyl hydroxylase by replacing Fe2+ in the active site, forming a strong complex with the enzyme.
References
  1. Rapaka RS, Sorensen KR, Lee SD, Bhatnagar RS: Inhibition of hydroxyproline synthesis by palladium ions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Mar 11;429(1):63-71. [177068 ]
General Function:
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors
Specific Function:
Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates HIF1A at 'Pro-402' and 'Pro-564'. May function as a cellular oxygen sensor and, under normoxic conditions, may target HIF through the hydroxylation for proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex.
Gene Name:
P4HTM
Uniprot ID:
Q9NXG6
Molecular Weight:
56660.535 Da
Mechanism of Action:
Palladium irreversibly inhibits prolyl hydroxylase by replacing Fe2+ in the active site, forming a strong complex with the enzyme.
References
  1. Rapaka RS, Sorensen KR, Lee SD, Bhatnagar RS: Inhibition of hydroxyproline synthesis by palladium ions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1976 Mar 11;429(1):63-71. [177068 ]