Chloroethane
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Chloroethane(F03414) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Chloroethane, also called ethyl chloride, is a colorless gas at room temperature and pressure, with a characteristically sharp odor. People can smell chloroethane in the air at levels above 4 parts chloroethane in a million parts of air by volume (ppm). It can be smelled in water at levels above 0.02 parts chloroethane in a million parts of water (ppm). In pressurized containers, chloroethane exists as a liquid. However, the liquid evaporates quickly when exposed to air. It catches fire easily and is very dangerous when exposed to heat or flame. Chloroethane does not occur naturally in the environment. It is present in the environment as a result of human activity. In the past, the largest single use for chloroethane was for the production of tetraethyl lead, which is a gasoline additive. However, production of chloroethane has decreased dramatically as a result of stricter government regulations controlling lead in gasoline. Other applications include use in the production of ethyl cellulose, dyes, medicinal drugs, and other commercial chemicals, and use as a solvent and refrigerant. It is used to numb skin prior to medical procedures such as ear piercing and skin biopsies, and it is used in the treatment of sports injuries. (L935) |
| FRCD ID | F03414 |
| CAS Number | 75-00-3 |
| PubChem CID | 6337 |
| Formula | C2H5Cl |
| IUPAC Name | chloroethane |
| InChI Key | HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C2H5Cl/c1-2-3/h2H2,1H3 |
| Canonical SMILES | CCCl |
| Isomeric SMILES | CCCl |
| Wikipedia | Chloroethane |
| Synonyms |
Chloroethane
Chelen
ETHYL CHLORIDE
Ethane, chloro-
Monochloroethane
75-00-3
Chlorene
Chlorethyl
Muriatic ether
Monochlorethane
|
| Classifies |
Pollutant
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Organohalogen compounds |
| Class | Organochlorides |
| Subclass | Not available |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Organochlorides |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Hydrocarbon derivative - Organochloride - Alkyl halide - Alkyl chloride - Aliphatic acyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organochlorides. These are compounds containing a chemical bond between a carbon atom and a chlorine atom. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 64.512 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 0 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Complexity | 2.8 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 64.008 |
| Exact Mass | 64.008 |
| XLogP | 1.2 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 3 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9754 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 1.0000 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2+ | 0.7348 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8356 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9717 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9677 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.8950 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Lysosome | 0.4540 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7826 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7934 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7242 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.6247 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8620 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9392 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8107 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9639 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.8367 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9332 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9547 | |
| AMES Toxicity | AMES toxic | 0.5093 |
| Carcinogens | Carcinogens | 0.8783 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.5000 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.9018 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.8258 |
| Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | 0.6857 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | III | 0.7781 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.5947 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -0.8734 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 1.5069 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 1.4505 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 2.2572 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | -0.5062 | pIGC50, ug/L |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic toxicity, oncogenicity, and mutagenicity studies with chlorotetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124). | Drug Chem Toxicol | 1998 Nov | 9839154 |
| Effect of gas hydrate formers on microorganisms. | Appl Microbiol | 1970 Jul | 5456934 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner (PubMed:20074560). Isoform beta-cx lacks ligand binding ability and has no or only very low ere binding activity resulting in the loss of ligand-dependent transactivation ability. DNA-binding by ESR1 and ESR2 is rapidly lost at 37 degrees Celsius in the absence of ligand while in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen loss in DNA-binding at elevated temperature is more gradual.
- Gene Name:
- ESR2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q92731
- Molecular Weight:
- 59215.765 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor.
References
- Taccone-Gallucci M, Manca-di-Villahermosa S, Battistini L, Stuffler RG, Tedesco M, Maccarrone M: N-3 PUFAs reduce oxidative stress in ESRD patients on maintenance HD by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase activity. Kidney Int. 2006 Apr;69(8):1450-4. [16531984 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Essential for MTA1-mediated transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 and BCAS3. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1.
- Gene Name:
- ESR1
- Uniprot ID:
- P03372
- Molecular Weight:
- 66215.45 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor.
References
- Taccone-Gallucci M, Manca-di-Villahermosa S, Battistini L, Stuffler RG, Tedesco M, Maccarrone M: N-3 PUFAs reduce oxidative stress in ESRD patients on maintenance HD by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase activity. Kidney Int. 2006 Apr;69(8):1450-4. [16531984 ]