Carbaril
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Carbaril(F03972) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Carbaril is a carbamate pesticide. Carbamate pesticides are derived from carbamic acid and kill insects in a similar fashion as organophosphate insecticides. They are widely used in homes, gardens and agriculture. The first carbamate, carbaryl, was introduced in 1956 and more of it has been used throughout the world than all other carbamates combined. Because of carbaryl's relatively low mammalian oral and dermal toxicity and broad control spectrum, it has had wide use in lawn and garden settings. Most of the carbamates are extremely toxic to Hymenoptera, and precautions must be taken to avoid exposure to foraging bees or parasitic wasps. Some of the carbamates are translocated within plants, making them an effective systemic treatment. (L795) |
| FRCD ID | F03972 |
| CAS Number | 63-25-2 |
| PubChem CID | 6129 |
| Formula | C12H11NO2 |
| IUPAC Name | naphthalen-1-yl N-methylcarbamate |
| InChI Key | CVXBEEMKQHEXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C12H11NO2/c1-13-12(14)15-11-8-4-6-9-5-2-3-7-10(9)11/h2-8H,1H3,(H,13,14) |
| Canonical SMILES | CNC(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 |
| Isomeric SMILES | CNC(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 |
| Synonyms |
CARBARYL
Carbaril
63-25-2
Sevin
naphthalen-1-yl methylcarbamate
1-Naphthyl N-methylcarbamate
Caprolin
Carbatox
Carbavur
Carylderm
|
| Classifies |
Pollutant
Pesticide
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Benzenoids |
| Class | Naphthalenes |
| Subclass | Not available |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Naphthalenes |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Naphthalene - Carbamic acid ester - Carbonic acid derivative - Organic nitrogen compound - Organic oxygen compound - Organopnictogen compound - Organic oxide - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Carbonyl group - Aromatic homopolycyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as naphthalenes. These are compounds containing a naphthalene moiety, which consists of two fused benzene rings. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 201.225 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 2 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 2 |
| Complexity | 230 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 201.079 |
| Exact Mass | 201.079 |
| XLogP | 2.4 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 15 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9704 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 1.0000 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2+ | 0.7451 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7803 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8782 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.8382 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.8520 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.5315 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7077 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Substrate | 0.8919 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Substrate | 0.5689 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.8713 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9167 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8911 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8167 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8309 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.6550 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9097 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9156 | |
| AMES Toxicity | AMES toxic | 0.9107 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.9126 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.9286 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.9907 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.8439 |
| Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | 0.8678 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | II | 0.7541 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Warning | 0.5193 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -3.3427 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 1.5334 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 2.9106 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 1.0406 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | 0.5835 | pIGC50, ug/L |
MRLs
| Food | Product Code | Country | MRLs | Application Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mace | 0870010 | European Union | 0.05* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Others (2) | 0870990 | European Union | 0.05* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Citrus fruits | 0110000 | European Union | 0.01* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Grapefruits (Natsudaidais, Shaddocks/pomelos, Sweeties/oroblancos, Tangelolos, Tangelos (except minneolas)/Ugli®, Other hybrids of Citrus paradisi, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110010 | European Union | 0.01* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Oranges (Bergamots, Bitter oranges/sour oranges, Blood oranges, Cara caras, Chinottos, Trifoliate oranges, Other hybrids of Citrus sinensis, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110020 | European Union | 0.01* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Others (2) | 0110990 | European Union | 0.01* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Brazil nuts | 0120020 | European Union | 0.02* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Cashew nuts | 0120030 | European Union | 0.02* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Chestnuts | 0120040 | European Union | 0.02* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Coconuts (Areca nuts/betel nuts,) | 0120050 | European Union | 0.02* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Hazelnuts/cobnuts (Acorns, Filberts,) | 0120060 | European Union | 0.02* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Macadamias | 0120070 | European Union | 0.02* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Pecans (Hickory nuts,) | 0120080 | European Union | 0.02* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Pistachios | 0120100 | European Union | 0.02* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Walnuts | 0120110 | European Union | 0.02* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Others (2) | 0120990 | European Union | 0.02* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Pome fruits | 0130000 | European Union | 0.01* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Apples (Crab apples/wild apples, Tejocotes,) | 0130010 | European Union | 0.01* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Pears (Nashi pears/Oriental pears, Wild pears, Ya pears/Chinese white pears,) | 0130020 | European Union | 0.01* | 07/05/2015 | |
| Quinces (Chinese quinces, Japanese quinces,) | 0130030 | European Union | 0.01* | 07/05/2015 |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pharmaceuticals, hormones, pesticides, and other bioactive contaminants in water,sediment, and tissue from Rocky Mountain National Park, 2012-2013. | Sci Total Environ | 2018 Jun 26 | 29957431 |
| An Amphibian with a Contracting Range Is Not More Vulnerable to Pesticides inOutdoor Experimental Communities Than Common Species. | Environ Toxicol Chem | 2018 Jul 23 | 30035389 |
| Analytical Method for Pesticides in Avocado and Papaya by Means of Ultra-HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to a Triple Quadrupole Mass Detector:Validation and Uncertainty Assessment. | J Food Sci | 2018 Jul 14 | 30007040 |
| Development of a biomimetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based onmolecularly imprinted polymers on paper for the detection of carbaryl. | Food Chem | 2018 Feb 1 | 28946356 |
| Nano carbon black-based screen printed sensor for carbofuran, isoprocarb,carbaryl and fenobucarb detection: application to grain samples. | Talanta | 2018 Aug 15 | 29784378 |
| An integrated approach for assessing the migration behavior of chlorpyrifos andcarbaryl in the unsaturated soil zone. | J Environ Sci Health B | 2018 Apr 6:1-7 | 29624471 |
| Simultaneous Voltammetric Detection of Carbaryl and Paraquat Pesticides onGraphene-Modified Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. | Sensors (Basel) | 2017 Sep 6 | 28878151 |
| Revealing Pesticide Residues Under High Pesticide Stress in Taiwan's AgriculturalEnvironment Probed by Fresh Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Pollen. | J Econ Entomol | 2017 Oct 1 | 28981672 |
| Comparison of Lindane and Carbaryl Pesticide Bioaccumulation in the Common Sole(Solea solea). | Bull Environ Contam Toxicol | 2017 May | 28289805 |
| Selection and Characterization of DNA Aptamers for Electrochemical Biosensing of Carbendazim. | Anal Chem | 2017 Mar 7 | 28264568 |
| Determination of a broad spectrum of endocrine-disrupting pesticides in fishsamples by UHPLC-MS/MS using the pass-through cleanup approach. | J Sep Sci | 2017 Mar | 28098419 |
| Aged garlic extract ameliorates immunotoxicity, hematotoxicity and impairedburn-healing in malathion- and carbaryl-treated male albino rats. | Environ Toxicol | 2017 Mar | 27214522 |
| Using Standing Gold Nanorod Arrays as Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Substrates for Detection of Carbaryl Residues in Fruit Juice and Milk. | J Agric Food Chem | 2017 Jan 25 | 28080039 |
| Sex-dependent effects of developmental exposure to different pesticides onspatial learning. The role of induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. | Food Chem Toxicol | 2017 Jan | 27908700 |
| Inducible Tolerance to Agrochemicals Was Paved by Evolutionary Responses toPredators. | Environ Sci Technol | 2017 Dec 5 | 29087697 |
| Kinetic studies of the reaction between pesticides and hydroxyl radical generatedby laser flash photolysis. | J Sci Food Agric | 2016 Mar 30 | 25974279 |
| Effects of washing, peeling, storage, and fermentation on residue contents ofcarbaryl and mancozeb in cucumbers grown in greenhouses. | Toxicol Ind Health | 2016 Jun | 25342670 |
| Brain acetylcholinesterase of jaguar cichlid (Parachromis managuensis): Fromphysicochemical and kinetic properties to its potential as biomarker ofpesticides and metal ions. | Aquat Toxicol | 2016 Aug | 27288599 |
| If you see one, have you seen them all?: Community-wide effects of insecticidecross-resistance in zooplankton populations near and far from agriculture. | Environ Pollut | 2016 Aug | 27208756 |
| Food safety in Thailand 2: Pesticide residues found in Chinese kale (Brassicaoleracea), a commonly consumed vegetable in Asian countries. | Sci Total Environ | 2015 Nov 1 | 26093223 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Fatty acid amide hydrolase activity
- Specific Function:
- Degrades bioactive fatty acid amides like oleamide, the endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide and myristic amide to their corresponding acids, thereby serving to terminate the signaling functions of these molecules. Hydrolyzes polyunsaturated substrate anandamide preferentially as compared to monounsaturated substrates.
- Gene Name:
- FAAH
- Uniprot ID:
- O00519
- Molecular Weight:
- 63065.28 Da
References
- Seierstad M, Breitenbucher JG: Discovery and development of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2008 Dec 11;51(23):7327-43. doi: 10.1021/jm800311k. [18983142 ]
- General Function:
- Serine hydrolase activity
- Specific Function:
- Terminates signal transduction at the neuromuscular junction by rapid hydrolysis of the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft. Role in neuronal apoptosis.
- Gene Name:
- ACHE
- Uniprot ID:
- P22303
- Molecular Weight:
- 67795.525 Da
References
- Tarzia G, Duranti A, Tontini A, Piersanti G, Mor M, Rivara S, Plazzi PV, Park C, Kathuria S, Piomelli D: Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of alkylcarbamic acid aryl esters, a new class of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2003 Jun 5;46(12):2352-60. [12773040 ]
- General Function:
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function:
- Esterase with broad substrate specificity. Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters.
- Gene Name:
- BCHE
- Uniprot ID:
- P06276
- Molecular Weight:
- 68417.575 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Like the organophosphates, their mode of action is inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes, affecting nerve impulse transmission.
References
- Fishel F (2009). Pesticide Toxicity Profile: Carbamate Pesticides. University of Florida, IFAS Extension.: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/PI088
- General Function:
- Type iii transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
- Specific Function:
- Multifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells.
- Gene Name:
- TGFB1
- Uniprot ID:
- P01137
- Molecular Weight:
- 44340.685 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Cleaves collagens of types I, II, and III at one site in the helical domain. Also cleaves collagens of types VII and X. In case of HIV infection, interacts and cleaves the secreted viral Tat protein, leading to a decrease in neuronal Tat's mediated neurotoxicity.
- Gene Name:
- MMP1
- Uniprot ID:
- P03956
- Molecular Weight:
- 54006.61 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Prostaglandin e receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. The subsequent raise in intracellular cAMP is responsible for the relaxing effect of this receptor on smooth muscle.
- Gene Name:
- PTGER2
- Uniprot ID:
- P43116
- Molecular Weight:
- 39759.945 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Primary amine oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with integrin alpha-4/beta-1 (ITGA4/ITGB1) on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/ITGA4/ITGB1 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation.
- Gene Name:
- VCAM1
- Uniprot ID:
- P19320
- Molecular Weight:
- 81275.43 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Sulfotransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfonation of steroids and bile acids in the liver and adrenal glands.
- Gene Name:
- SULT2A1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q06520
- Molecular Weight:
- 33779.57 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative regulator of isoform 1.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P22309
- Molecular Weight:
- 59590.91 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide (PubMed:11159812). Catalyzes 4-beta-hydroxylation of cholesterol. May catalyze 25-hydroxylation of cholesterol in vitro (PubMed:21576599).
- Gene Name:
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID:
- P08684
- Molecular Weight:
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P04798
- Molecular Weight:
- 58164.815 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Cholesterol binding
- Specific Function:
- Can bind protoporphyrin IX and may play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme (By similarity). Promotes the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes and may play a role in lipid metabolism (PubMed:24814875), but its precise physiological role is controversial. It is apparently not required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Was initially identified as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; can also bind isoquinoline carboxamides (PubMed:1847678).
- Gene Name:
- TSPO
- Uniprot ID:
- P30536
- Molecular Weight:
- 18827.81 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID:
- P20813
- Molecular Weight:
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function:
- Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1/beta-catenin.Isoform 2 may act as an antagonist of EGF action.
- Gene Name:
- EGFR
- Uniprot ID:
- P00533
- Molecular Weight:
- 134276.185 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID:
- P05177
- Molecular Weight:
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]