Beta-Aminopropionitrile
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Beta-Aminopropionitrile(F04325) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | beta-Aminopropionitrile is a toxic amino-acid derivative. On an unusual case of the Cantrell-sequence in a premature infant with associated dysmelia, aplasia of the right kidney, cerebellar hypoplasia and circumscribed aplasia of the cutis, maternal history suggested an occupational exposure to aminopropionitriles prior to pregnancy. The characteristic features of the Cantrell-sequence--anterior thoraco-abdominal wall defect with ectopia cordis and diaphragm, sternum, pericardium, and heart defects--have been observed in animals following maternal administration of beta-aminopropionitrile. Some species of lathyrus (chickling pea, Lathyrus sativus- related), notably Lathyrus odoratus, are unable to induce human lathyrism but contain beta-aminopropionitrile, that induces pathological changes in bone (osteolathyrism) and blood vessels (angiolathyrism) of experimental animals without damaging the nervous system. The administration of beta-aminopropionitrile has been proposed for pharmacological control of unwanted scar tissue in human beings. beta-Aminopropionitrile is a reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid. (A11439, A11440, A11441) |
| FRCD ID | F04325 |
| CAS Number | 151-18-8 |
| PubChem CID | 1647 |
| Formula | C3H6N2 |
| IUPAC Name | 3-aminopropanenitrile |
| InChI Key | AGSPXMVUFBBBMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C3H6N2/c4-2-1-3-5/h1-2,4H2 |
| Canonical SMILES | C(CN)C#N |
| Isomeric SMILES | C(CN)C#N |
| Synonyms |
3-Aminopropanenitrile
Propanenitrile, 3-amino-
3-aminopropionitrile
2-Cyanoethylamine
151-18-8
Aminopropionitrile
BETA-AMINOPROPIONITRILE
BAPN
3-Aminopropiononitrile
beta-Cyanoethylamine
|
| Classifies |
Predicted: Pollutant
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Organic nitrogen compounds |
| Class | Organonitrogen compounds |
| Subclass | Organic cyanides |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Nitriles |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Nitrile - Carbonitrile - Organopnictogen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Primary amine - Primary aliphatic amine - Amine - Aliphatic acyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nitriles. These are compounds having the structure RC#N; thus C-substituted derivatives of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 70.095 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 2 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 1 |
| Complexity | 49.2 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 70.053 |
| Exact Mass | 70.053 |
| XLogP | -1 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 5 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comparison of the effects of two lathyrogens on the reproductive system of the laying hen. | Vet Rec | 1989 Mar 11 | 2711578 |
| Lathyrism in laying hens and increases in egg weight. | Vet Rec | 1988 Sep 3 | 3188349 |
| Elevated bile acids in the plasma of laying hens fed rapeseed meal. | Res Vet Sci | 1985 Nov | 4081345 |
| Effect of diets of different protein values on the development of osteolathyrism in rats given beta-aminopropionitrile. | J Nutr | 1970 Oct | 5471050 |
| Naturally occurring toxic factors in plants and animals used as food. | Can Med Assoc J | 1966 Mar 19 | 5905948 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Pyrophosphatase activity
- Specific Function:
- This isozyme may play a role in skeletal mineralization.
- Gene Name:
- ALPL
- Uniprot ID:
- P05186
- Molecular Weight:
- 57304.435 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits alkaline phosphatases.
References
- Gerbitz KD: Human alkaline phosphatases. II. Metalloenzyme properties of the enzyme from human liver. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1977 Nov;358(11):1491-7. [924371 ]
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. Subunit 2 transfers the electrons from cytochrome c via its binuclear copper A center to the bimetallic center of the catalytic subunit 1.
- Gene Name:
- MT-CO2
- Uniprot ID:
- P00403
- Molecular Weight:
- 25564.73 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Ubiquinone binding
- Specific Function:
- Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
- Gene Name:
- SDHB
- Uniprot ID:
- P21912
- Molecular Weight:
- 31629.365 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits succinate dehydrogenases.
References
- Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX4I1
- Uniprot ID:
- P13073
- Molecular Weight:
- 19576.6 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX4I2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q96KJ9
- Molecular Weight:
- 20010.02 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function:
- This is the heme A-containing chain of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX5A
- Uniprot ID:
- P20674
- Molecular Weight:
- 16761.985 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX5B
- Uniprot ID:
- P10606
- Molecular Weight:
- 13695.57 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX6A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P12074
- Molecular Weight:
- 12154.8 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX6A2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q02221
- Molecular Weight:
- 10815.32 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Connects the two COX monomers into the physiological dimeric form.
- Gene Name:
- COX6B1
- Uniprot ID:
- P14854
- Molecular Weight:
- 10192.345 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Protect the extracellular space from toxic effect of reactive oxygen intermediates by converting superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen.
- Gene Name:
- SOD3
- Uniprot ID:
- P08294
- Molecular Weight:
- 25850.675 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn].
References
- Lee WG, Hwang JH, Na BK, Cho JH, Lee HW, Cho SH, Kong Y, Song CY, Kim TS: Functional expression of a recombinant copper/zinc superoxide dismutase of filarial nematode, Brugia malayi. J Parasitol. 2005 Feb;91(1):205-8. [15856906 ]
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX6C
- Uniprot ID:
- P09669
- Molecular Weight:
- 8781.36 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX7A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P24310
- Molecular Weight:
- 9117.44 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX7A2
- Uniprot ID:
- P14406
- Molecular Weight:
- 9395.89 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport. Plays a role in proper central nervous system (CNS) development in vertebrates.
- Gene Name:
- COX7B
- Uniprot ID:
- P24311
- Molecular Weight:
- 9160.485 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX7B2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q8TF08
- Molecular Weight:
- 9077.43 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX7C
- Uniprot ID:
- P15954
- Molecular Weight:
- 7245.45 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX8A
- Uniprot ID:
- P10176
- Molecular Weight:
- 7579.0 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Glutathione peroxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against peroxide damage in sperm membrane lipids.
- Gene Name:
- GPX5
- Uniprot ID:
- O75715
- Molecular Weight:
- 25202.14 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Sh3 domain binding
- Specific Function:
- Protects the hemoglobin in erythrocytes from oxidative breakdown.
- Gene Name:
- GPX1
- Uniprot ID:
- P07203
- Molecular Weight:
- 22087.94 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Glutathione peroxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested organic hydroperoxides. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and linoleic acid hydroperoxide but not phosphatidycholine hydroperoxide, can act as acceptors.
- Gene Name:
- GPX2
- Uniprot ID:
- P18283
- Molecular Weight:
- 21953.835 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Transcription factor binding
- Specific Function:
- Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione.
- Gene Name:
- GPX3
- Uniprot ID:
- P22352
- Molecular Weight:
- 25552.185 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Glutathione peroxidase activity
- Gene Name:
- GPX6
- Uniprot ID:
- P59796
- Molecular Weight:
- 24970.46 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Peroxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- It protects esophageal epithelia from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. It suppresses acidic bile acid-induced reactive oxigen species (ROS) and protects against oxidative DNA damage and double-strand breaks.
- Gene Name:
- GPX7
- Uniprot ID:
- Q96SL4
- Molecular Weight:
- 20995.88 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Nadp binding
- Specific Function:
- Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.
- Gene Name:
- GSR
- Uniprot ID:
- P00390
- Molecular Weight:
- 56256.565 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione reductase.
References
- Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
- General Function:
- Phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation and cell death. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Essential for embryonic development. Protects from radiation and oxidative damage.
- Gene Name:
- GPX4
- Uniprot ID:
- P36969
- Molecular Weight:
- 22174.52 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Peroxidase activity
- Gene Name:
- GPX8
- Uniprot ID:
- Q8TED1
- Molecular Weight:
- 23880.83 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Gene Name:
- COX7A2P2
- Uniprot ID:
- O60397
- Molecular Weight:
- 11840.715 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Ubiquinone binding
- Specific Function:
- Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
- Gene Name:
- SDHD
- Uniprot ID:
- O14521
- Molecular Weight:
- 17042.82 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits succinate dehydrogenases.
References
- Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
- General Function:
- Succinate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function:
- Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q). Can act as a tumor suppressor.
- Gene Name:
- SDHA
- Uniprot ID:
- P31040
- Molecular Weight:
- 72690.975 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits succinate dehydrogenases.
References
- Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
- Gene Name:
- SOD1
- Uniprot ID:
- P00441
- Molecular Weight:
- 15935.685 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn].
References
- Lee WG, Hwang JH, Na BK, Cho JH, Lee HW, Cho SH, Kong Y, Song CY, Kim TS: Functional expression of a recombinant copper/zinc superoxide dismutase of filarial nematode, Brugia malayi. J Parasitol. 2005 Feb;91(1):205-8. [15856906 ]
- General Function:
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function:
- This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the rate-limiting conversions of tyrosine to DOPA, DOPA to DOPA-quinone and possibly 5,6-dihydroxyindole to indole-5,6 quinone.
- Gene Name:
- TYR
- Uniprot ID:
- P14679
- Molecular Weight:
- 60392.69 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits tyrosinase.
References
- Laufer Z, Beckett RP, Minibayeva FV: Co-occurrence of the multicopper oxidases tyrosinase and laccase in lichens in sub-order peltigerineae. Ann Bot. 2006 Nov;98(5):1035-42. Epub 2006 Sep 1. [16950829 ]
- General Function:
- Succinate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function:
- Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
- Gene Name:
- SDHC
- Uniprot ID:
- Q99643
- Molecular Weight:
- 18610.03 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits succinate dehydrogenases.
References
- Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
- General Function:
- Metal ion binding
- Gene Name:
- ALPPL2
- Uniprot ID:
- P10696
- Molecular Weight:
- 57376.515 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits alkaline phosphatases.
References
- Gerbitz KD: Human alkaline phosphatases. II. Metalloenzyme properties of the enzyme from human liver. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1977 Nov;358(11):1491-7. [924371 ]
- General Function:
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function:
- Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia cells, melanoma cells, mastocytoma cells and normal and transformed fibroblast cells.
- Gene Name:
- CAT
- Uniprot ID:
- P04040
- Molecular Weight:
- 59755.82 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits catalase.
References
- Kang YS, Lee DH, Yoon BJ, Oh DC: Purification and characterization of a catalase from photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum S1 grown under anaerobic conditions. J Microbiol. 2006 Apr;44(2):185-91. [16728955 ]
- General Function:
- Iron ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. CO I is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme. Electrons originating in cytochrome c are transferred via the copper A center of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the bimetallic center formed by heme A3 and copper B.
- Gene Name:
- MT-CO1
- Uniprot ID:
- P00395
- Molecular Weight:
- 57040.91 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Subunits I, II and III form the functional core of the enzyme complex.
- Gene Name:
- MT-CO3
- Uniprot ID:
- P00414
- Molecular Weight:
- 29950.6 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Connects the two COX monomers into the physiological dimeric form.
- Gene Name:
- COX6B2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q6YFQ2
- Molecular Weight:
- 10528.905 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX8C
- Uniprot ID:
- Q7Z4L0
- Molecular Weight:
- 8128.575 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning