Benzonitrile
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Benzonitrile(F04326) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Benzonitrile is a chemical compound of cyanide. It is a useful solvent and a versatile precursor to many derivatives, thus it is often used in organic chemistry. (L588) |
| FRCD ID | F04326 |
| CAS Number | 100-47-0 |
| PubChem CID | 7505 |
| Formula | C7H5N |
| IUPAC Name | benzonitrile |
| InChI Key | JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C7H5N/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5H |
| Canonical SMILES | C1=CC=C(C=C1)C#N |
| Isomeric SMILES | C1=CC=C(C=C1)C#N |
| Synonyms |
Benzoic acid nitrile
Benzene, cyano-
BENZONITRILE
100-47-0
Cyanobenzene
Phenyl cyanide
Benzenenitrile
Benzenecarbonitrile
Phenylcyanide
Fenylkyanid
|
| Classifies |
Predicted: Pollutant
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Benzenoids |
| Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
| Subclass | Benzonitriles |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Benzonitriles |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Benzonitrile - Nitrile - Carbonitrile - Organic nitrogen compound - Organopnictogen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organonitrogen compound - Aromatic homomonocyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzonitriles. These are organic compounds containing a benzene bearing a nitrile substituent. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 103.124 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 1 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Complexity | 103 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 103.042 |
| Exact Mass | 103.042 |
| XLogP | 1.6 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 8 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Determination of Aniline, 4-Aminoazobenzene, and 2-Naphthol in the Color AdditiveD&C Red No. 17 Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. | J AOAC Int | 2018 May 18 | 29808790 |
| Detection of antibiotic resistance in probiotics of dietary supplements. | Nutr J | 2015 Sep 14 | 26370532 |
| Synthesis and Properties of C(2h)-Symmetric BN-Heteroacenes Tailored throughAromatic Central Cores. | J Org Chem | 2015 Oct 16 | 26418754 |
| Using robust Bayesian network to estimate the residuals of fluoroquinoloneantibiotic in soil. | Environ Sci Pollut Res Int | 2015 Nov | 26141975 |
| Altered sensitization patterns to sweet food stimuli in patients recovered fromanorexia and bulimia nervosa. | Psychiatry Res | 2015 Dec 30 | 26596520 |
| The role of vitamins A, C, E and selenium as antioxidants against genotoxicityand cytotoxicity of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc on erythrocytes of Niletilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. | Ecotoxicol Environ Saf | 2014 Jun | 24632120 |
| Obese and lean Zucker rats respond similarly to intraperitoneal administration ofgastrin-releasing peptides. | Peptides | 2014 Aug | 24874706 |
| The role of bombesin and bombesin-related peptides in the short-term control offood intake. | Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci | 2013 | 23317790 |
| Altered seed oil and glucosinolate levels in transgenic plants overexpressing theBrassica napus SHOOTMERISTEMLESS gene. | J Exp Bot | 2012 Jul | 22563121 |
| Therapeutic efficacies of Coriandrum sativum aqueous extract againstmetronidazole-induced genotoxicity in Channa punctatus peripheral erythrocytes. | Food Chem Toxicol | 2010 Dec | 20858524 |
| Performance of growing lambs fed processed karanj (Pongamia glabra) oil seed cakeas partial protein supplement to soybean meal. | J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) | 2009 Apr | 19320936 |
| Modulation of thermal pain perception by stress and sweet taste in women withbulimia nervosa. | Neuro Endocrinol Lett | 2009 | 19675517 |
| The importance of dietary control in the development of a peanut allergy model inBrown Norway rats. | Methods | 2007 Jan | 17161306 |
| Artificial sweetener use among individuals with eating disorders. | Int J Eat Disord | 2006 May | 16523474 |
| Mechanisms underlying anorexia after microinjection of bombesin into the lateral cerebroventricle. | Pharmacol Biochem Behav | 2005 Feb | 15680182 |
| Leptin enhances feeding suppression and neural activation produced bysystemically administered bombesin. | Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol | 2005 Aug | 15860644 |
| Disruptions in feeding and body weight control in gastrin-releasing peptidereceptor deficient mice. | J Endocrinol | 2002 Aug | 12176666 |
| Inhibition of gastric emptying by bombesin-like peptides is dependent uponcholecystokinin-A receptor activation. | Regul Pept | 1999 Oct 22 | 10535415 |
| Bombesin microinjection into the basolateral amygdala influences feeding behaviorin the rat. | Brain Res | 1999 Nov 20 | 10575095 |
| Mammalian bombesin-like peptides extend the intermeal interval in freely feeding rats. | Physiol Behav | 1998 Jun 1 | 9748115 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Metal ion binding
- Gene Name:
- ALPPL2
- Uniprot ID:
- P10696
- Molecular Weight:
- 57376.515 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits alkaline phosphatases.
References
- Gerbitz KD: Human alkaline phosphatases. II. Metalloenzyme properties of the enzyme from human liver. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1977 Nov;358(11):1491-7. [924371 ]
- General Function:
- Pyrophosphatase activity
- Specific Function:
- This isozyme may play a role in skeletal mineralization.
- Gene Name:
- ALPL
- Uniprot ID:
- P05186
- Molecular Weight:
- 57304.435 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits alkaline phosphatases.
References
- Gerbitz KD: Human alkaline phosphatases. II. Metalloenzyme properties of the enzyme from human liver. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1977 Nov;358(11):1491-7. [924371 ]
- General Function:
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function:
- Occurs in almost all aerobically respiring organisms and serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia cells, melanoma cells, mastocytoma cells and normal and transformed fibroblast cells.
- Gene Name:
- CAT
- Uniprot ID:
- P04040
- Molecular Weight:
- 59755.82 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits catalase.
References
- Kang YS, Lee DH, Yoon BJ, Oh DC: Purification and characterization of a catalase from photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum S1 grown under anaerobic conditions. J Microbiol. 2006 Apr;44(2):185-91. [16728955 ]
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. Subunit 2 transfers the electrons from cytochrome c via its binuclear copper A center to the bimetallic center of the catalytic subunit 1.
- Gene Name:
- MT-CO2
- Uniprot ID:
- P00403
- Molecular Weight:
- 25564.73 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX4I1
- Uniprot ID:
- P13073
- Molecular Weight:
- 19576.6 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Protect the extracellular space from toxic effect of reactive oxygen intermediates by converting superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen.
- Gene Name:
- SOD3
- Uniprot ID:
- P08294
- Molecular Weight:
- 25850.675 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn].
References
- Lee WG, Hwang JH, Na BK, Cho JH, Lee HW, Cho SH, Kong Y, Song CY, Kim TS: Functional expression of a recombinant copper/zinc superoxide dismutase of filarial nematode, Brugia malayi. J Parasitol. 2005 Feb;91(1):205-8. [15856906 ]
- General Function:
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function:
- This is the heme A-containing chain of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX5A
- Uniprot ID:
- P20674
- Molecular Weight:
- 16761.985 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX5B
- Uniprot ID:
- P10606
- Molecular Weight:
- 13695.57 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX6A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P12074
- Molecular Weight:
- 12154.8 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX6A2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q02221
- Molecular Weight:
- 10815.32 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Connects the two COX monomers into the physiological dimeric form.
- Gene Name:
- COX6B1
- Uniprot ID:
- P14854
- Molecular Weight:
- 10192.345 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Connects the two COX monomers into the physiological dimeric form.
- Gene Name:
- COX6B2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q6YFQ2
- Molecular Weight:
- 10528.905 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX6C
- Uniprot ID:
- P09669
- Molecular Weight:
- 8781.36 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Sh3 domain binding
- Specific Function:
- Protects the hemoglobin in erythrocytes from oxidative breakdown.
- Gene Name:
- GPX1
- Uniprot ID:
- P07203
- Molecular Weight:
- 22087.94 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX7A2
- Uniprot ID:
- P14406
- Molecular Weight:
- 9395.89 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport. Plays a role in proper central nervous system (CNS) development in vertebrates.
- Gene Name:
- COX7B
- Uniprot ID:
- P24311
- Molecular Weight:
- 9160.485 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX7B2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q8TF08
- Molecular Weight:
- 9077.43 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX7C
- Uniprot ID:
- P15954
- Molecular Weight:
- 7245.45 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX8A
- Uniprot ID:
- P10176
- Molecular Weight:
- 7579.0 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function:
- This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the rate-limiting conversions of tyrosine to DOPA, DOPA to DOPA-quinone and possibly 5,6-dihydroxyindole to indole-5,6 quinone.
- Gene Name:
- TYR
- Uniprot ID:
- P14679
- Molecular Weight:
- 60392.69 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits tyrosinase.
References
- Laufer Z, Beckett RP, Minibayeva FV: Co-occurrence of the multicopper oxidases tyrosinase and laccase in lichens in sub-order peltigerineae. Ann Bot. 2006 Nov;98(5):1035-42. Epub 2006 Sep 1. [16950829 ]
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX8C
- Uniprot ID:
- Q7Z4L0
- Molecular Weight:
- 8128.575 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Glutathione peroxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against peroxide damage in sperm membrane lipids.
- Gene Name:
- GPX5
- Uniprot ID:
- O75715
- Molecular Weight:
- 25202.14 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Transcription factor binding
- Specific Function:
- Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione.
- Gene Name:
- GPX3
- Uniprot ID:
- P22352
- Molecular Weight:
- 25552.185 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Glutathione peroxidase activity
- Gene Name:
- GPX6
- Uniprot ID:
- P59796
- Molecular Weight:
- 24970.46 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Peroxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- It protects esophageal epithelia from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. It suppresses acidic bile acid-induced reactive oxigen species (ROS) and protects against oxidative DNA damage and double-strand breaks.
- Gene Name:
- GPX7
- Uniprot ID:
- Q96SL4
- Molecular Weight:
- 20995.88 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Nadp binding
- Specific Function:
- Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol.
- Gene Name:
- GSR
- Uniprot ID:
- P00390
- Molecular Weight:
- 56256.565 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione reductase.
References
- Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
- General Function:
- Peroxidase activity
- Gene Name:
- GPX8
- Uniprot ID:
- Q8TED1
- Molecular Weight:
- 23880.83 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Gene Name:
- COX7A2P2
- Uniprot ID:
- O60397
- Molecular Weight:
- 11840.715 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Ubiquinone binding
- Specific Function:
- Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
- Gene Name:
- SDHD
- Uniprot ID:
- O14521
- Molecular Weight:
- 17042.82 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits succinate dehydrogenases.
References
- Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
- General Function:
- Succinate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function:
- Flavoprotein (FP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q). Can act as a tumor suppressor.
- Gene Name:
- SDHA
- Uniprot ID:
- P31040
- Molecular Weight:
- 72690.975 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits succinate dehydrogenases.
References
- Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
- General Function:
- Ubiquinone binding
- Specific Function:
- Iron-sulfur protein (IP) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
- Gene Name:
- SDHB
- Uniprot ID:
- P21912
- Molecular Weight:
- 31629.365 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits succinate dehydrogenases.
References
- Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
- General Function:
- Succinate dehydrogenase activity
- Specific Function:
- Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) that is involved in complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is responsible for transferring electrons from succinate to ubiquinone (coenzyme Q).
- Gene Name:
- SDHC
- Uniprot ID:
- Q99643
- Molecular Weight:
- 18610.03 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits succinate dehydrogenases.
References
- Ardelt BK, Borowitz JL, Isom GE: Brain lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protectant mechanisms following acute cyanide intoxication. Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):147-54. [2734799 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.
- Gene Name:
- SOD1
- Uniprot ID:
- P00441
- Molecular Weight:
- 15935.685 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn].
References
- Lee WG, Hwang JH, Na BK, Cho JH, Lee HW, Cho SH, Kong Y, Song CY, Kim TS: Functional expression of a recombinant copper/zinc superoxide dismutase of filarial nematode, Brugia malayi. J Parasitol. 2005 Feb;91(1):205-8. [15856906 ]
- General Function:
- Iron ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. CO I is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme. Electrons originating in cytochrome c are transferred via the copper A center of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the bimetallic center formed by heme A3 and copper B.
- Gene Name:
- MT-CO1
- Uniprot ID:
- P00395
- Molecular Weight:
- 57040.91 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Subunits I, II and III form the functional core of the enzyme complex.
- Gene Name:
- MT-CO3
- Uniprot ID:
- P00414
- Molecular Weight:
- 29950.6 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX4I2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q96KJ9
- Molecular Weight:
- 20010.02 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Cytochrome-c oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein is one of the nuclear-coded polypeptide chains of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport.
- Gene Name:
- COX7A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P24310
- Molecular Weight:
- 9117.44 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide is an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase in the fourth complex of the electron transport chain (found in the membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells). It complexes with the ferric iron atom in this enzyme. The binding of cyanide to this cytochrome prevents transport of electrons from cytochrome c oxidase to oxygen. As a result, the electron transport chain is disrupted and the cell can no longer aerobically produce ATP for energy. Tissues that mainly depend on aerobic respiration, such as the central nervous system and the heart, are particularly affected.
References
- Wikipedia. Cyanide poisoning. Last Updated 30 March 2009. : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanide_poisoning
- General Function:
- Glutathione peroxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested organic hydroperoxides. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and linoleic acid hydroperoxide but not phosphatidycholine hydroperoxide, can act as acceptors.
- Gene Name:
- GPX2
- Uniprot ID:
- P18283
- Molecular Weight:
- 21953.835 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]
- General Function:
- Phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation and cell death. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Essential for embryonic development. Protects from radiation and oxidative damage.
- Gene Name:
- GPX4
- Uniprot ID:
- P36969
- Molecular Weight:
- 22174.52 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyanide inhibits glutathione peroxidases.
References
- Kraus RJ, Ganther HE: Reaction of cyanide with glutathione peroxidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 Oct 16;96(3):1116-22. [7437059 ]