Cyproheptadine
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Cyproheptadine(F04753) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Cyproheptadine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc. Cyproheptadine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding. Cyproheptadine also competes with serotonin at receptor sites in smooth muscle in the intestines and other locations. Antagonism of serotonin on the appetite center of the hypothalamus may account for Cyproheptadine's ability to stimulate appetite. |
| FRCD ID | F04753 |
| CAS Number | 129-03-3 |
| PubChem CID | 2913 |
| Formula | C21H21N |
| IUPAC Name | 4-(dibenzo[1,2-a:1',2'-e][7]annulen-11-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine |
| InChI Key | JJCFRYNCJDLXIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C21H21N/c1-22-14-12-18(13-15-22)21-19-8-4-2-6-16(19)10-11-17-7-3-5-9-20(17)21/h2-11H,12-15H2,1H3 |
| Canonical SMILES | CN1CCC(=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC4=CC=CC=C42)CC1 |
| Isomeric SMILES | CN1CCC(=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC4=CC=CC=C42)CC1 |
| Wikipedia | Cyproheptadine |
| Synonyms |
CYPROHEPTADINE
Periactin
Eiproheptadine
129-03-3
Dronactin
Periactinol
Ciproheptadina
Cyproheptadinum
Cypoheptadine
Cyproheptadiene
|
| Classifies |
Predicted: Illegal Additives
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Benzenoids |
| Class | Dibenzocycloheptenes |
| Subclass | Not available |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Dibenzocycloheptenes |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Dibenzocycloheptene - Piperidine - Tertiary aliphatic amine - Tertiary amine - Azacycle - Organoheterocyclic compound - Organic nitrogen compound - Organopnictogen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organonitrogen compound - Amine - Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dibenzocycloheptenes. These are compounds containing a dibenzocycloheptene moiety, which consists of two benzene rings connected by a cycloheptene ring. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 287.406 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 1 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Complexity | 423 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 287.167 |
| Exact Mass | 287.167 |
| XLogP | 4.7 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 22 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9860 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 1.0000 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2+ | 0.8038 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Substrate | 0.8598 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.8563 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.5315 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Inhibitor | 0.8303 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.3430 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8127 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6719 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Substrate | 0.6092 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9046 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9082 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.8932 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9025 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9020 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.5433 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.5429 |
| Inhibitor | 0.7423 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.9132 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.9511 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.9777 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.9608 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | Low HBT | 0.6450 |
| Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | 0.8349 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | II | 0.7487 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.7163 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -2.6243 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 1.7058 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 2.9576 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 0.9330 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | 0.8088 | pIGC50, ug/L |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Serotonin Syndrome from 5-Hydroxytryptophan Supplement Ingestion in a 9-Month-Old Labrador Retriever. | J Med Toxicol | 2017 Jun | 28210931 |
| Determination of cyproheptadine in feeds using molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with HPLC. | J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci | 2015 May 15 | 25855316 |
| Pharmacological appetite stimulation: rational choices in the inappetent cat. | J Feline Med Surg | 2014 Sep | 25146662 |
| Development of a multi-residue method for fast screening and confirmation of 20prohibited veterinary drugs in feedstuffs by liquid chromatography tandem massspectrometry. | J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci | 2013 Oct 1 | 23962505 |
| Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for the determination ofcyproheptadine in several pharmaceutical syrup formulations. | J Pharm Biomed Anal | 2009 Dec 5 | 19574011 |
| Effect of the appetite stimulant cyproheptadine on deoxynivalenol-induced reductions in feed consumption and weight gain in the mouse. | J Environ Sci Health B | 1997 May | 9177014 |
| The effects of neurotransmitter antagonists and glucose on luteinizing hormonesecretion in growth-restricted wethers. | Anim Reprod Sci | 1997 Jan | 9231237 |
| The efficacy of various classes of anti-emetics in preventing deoxynivalenol-induced vomiting in swine. | Nat Toxins | 1993 | 8167950 |
| The influence of cyproheptadine on immobilization and oestradiol benzoate inducedanorexia in ovariectomized rats. | Psychopharmacology (Berl) | 1987 | 3122252 |
| Discriminative-stimulus effects of midazolam in squirrel monkeys: comparison with other drugs and antagonism by Ro 15-1788. | J Pharmacol Exp Ther | 1985 Nov | 2932547 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Regulates neuronal activity via the activation of short transient receptor potential calcium channels in the brain, and thereby modulates the activation of pro-opiomelacortin neurons and the release of CRH that then regulates the release of corticosterone. Plays a role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior, responses to anxiogenic stimuli and stress. Plays a role in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
- Gene Name:
- HTR2C
- Uniprot ID:
- P28335
- Molecular Weight:
- 51820.705 Da
References
- Honda M, Nishida T, Ono H: Tricyclic analogs cyclobenzaprine, amitriptyline and cyproheptadine inhibit the spinal reflex transmission through 5-HT(2) receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003 Jan 1;458(1-2):91-9. [12498911 ]
- General Function:
- Histamine receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamine release from adrenal medulla, as well as mediating neurotransmission in the central nervous system.
- Gene Name:
- HRH1
- Uniprot ID:
- P35367
- Molecular Weight:
- 55783.61 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyproheptadine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding.
References
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [11752352 ]
- General Function:
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. It has a high affinity for tricyclic psychotropic drugs (By similarity). Controls pyramidal neurons migration during corticogenesis, through the regulation of CDK5 activity (By similarity). Is an activator of TOR signaling (PubMed:23027611).
- Gene Name:
- HTR6
- Uniprot ID:
- P50406
- Molecular Weight:
- 46953.625 Da
References
- Kohen R, Metcalf MA, Khan N, Druck T, Huebner K, Lachowicz JE, Meltzer HY, Sibley DR, Roth BL, Hamblin MW: Cloning, characterization, and chromosomal localization of a human 5-HT6 serotonin receptor. J Neurochem. 1996 Jan;66(1):47-56. [8522988 ]
- General Function:
- Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
- Specific Function:
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.
- Gene Name:
- CHRM1
- Uniprot ID:
- P11229
- Molecular Weight:
- 51420.375 Da
References
- Eltze M, Lambrecht G, Mutschler E: Cyproheptadine displays high affinity for muscarinic receptors but does not discriminate between receptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol. 1989 Dec 7;173(2-3):219-22. [2625138 ]
- General Function:
- Guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
- Specific Function:
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is inhibition of adenylate cyclase.
- Gene Name:
- CHRM4
- Uniprot ID:
- P08173
- Molecular Weight:
- 53048.65 Da
References
- Stanton T, Bolden-Watson C, Cusack B, Richelson E: Antagonism of the five cloned human muscarinic cholinergic receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells by antidepressants and antihistaminics. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Jun 9;45(11):2352-4. [8100134 ]
- General Function:
- Receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover.
- Gene Name:
- CHRM3
- Uniprot ID:
- P20309
- Molecular Weight:
- 66127.445 Da
References
- Eltze M, Lambrecht G, Mutschler E: Cyproheptadine displays high affinity for muscarinic receptors but does not discriminate between receptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol. 1989 Dec 7;173(2-3):219-22. [2625138 ]
- General Function:
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various ergot alkaloid derivatives and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Plays a role in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine release, 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake and in the regulation of extracellular dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels, and thereby affects neural activity. May play a role in the perception of pain. Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including impulsive behavior. Required for normal proliferation of embryonic cardiac myocytes and normal heart development. Protects cardiomyocytes against apoptosis. Plays a role in the adaptation of pulmonary arteries to chronic hypoxia. Plays a role in vasoconstriction. Required for normal osteoblast function and proliferation, and for maintaining normal bone density. Required for normal proliferation of the interstitial cells of Cajal in the intestine.
- Gene Name:
- HTR2B
- Uniprot ID:
- P41595
- Molecular Weight:
- 54297.41 Da
References
- Bonhaus DW, Weinhardt KK, Taylor M, DeSouza A, McNeeley PM, Szczepanski K, Fontana DJ, Trinh J, Rocha CL, Dawson MW, Flippin LA, Eglen RM: RS-102221: a novel high affinity and selective, 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Neuropharmacology. 1997 Apr-May;36(4-5):621-9. [9225287 ]
- General Function:
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase.
- Gene Name:
- HTR7
- Uniprot ID:
- P34969
- Molecular Weight:
- 53554.43 Da
References
- Teitler M, Toohey N, Knight JA, Klein MT, Smith C: Clozapine and other competitive antagonists reactivate risperidone-inactivated h5-HT7 receptors: radioligand binding and functional evidence for GPCR homodimer protomer interactions. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010 Dec;212(4):687-97. doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-2001-x. Epub 2010 Sep 9. [20827463 ]
- General Function:
- G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
- Gene Name:
- DRD1
- Uniprot ID:
- P21728
- Molecular Weight:
- 49292.765 Da
References
- Toll L, Berzetei-Gurske IP, Polgar WE, Brandt SR, Adapa ID, Rodriguez L, Schwartz RW, Haggart D, O'Brien A, White A, Kennedy JM, Craymer K, Farrington L, Auh JS: Standard binding and functional assays related to medications development division testing for potential cocaine and opiate narcotic treatment medications. NIDA Res Monogr. 1998 Mar;178:440-66. [9686407 ]
- General Function:
- Potassium channel regulator activity
- Specific Function:
- Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
- Gene Name:
- DRD2
- Uniprot ID:
- P14416
- Molecular Weight:
- 50618.91 Da
References
- Peddi S, Roth BL, Glennon RA, Westkaemper RB: Structural determinants for high 5-HT(2A) receptor affinity of spiro[9,10-dihydroanthracene]-9,3(')-pyrrolidine (SpAMDA). Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 May 3;14(9):2279-83. [15081025 ]
- General Function:
- Histamine receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- The H3 subclass of histamine receptors could mediate the histamine signals in CNS and peripheral nervous system. Signals through the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and displays high constitutive activity (spontaneous activity in the absence of agonist). Agonist stimulation of isoform 3 neither modified adenylate cyclase activity nor induced intracellular calcium mobilization.
- Gene Name:
- HRH3
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9Y5N1
- Molecular Weight:
- 48670.81 Da
References
- Liu C, Ma X, Jiang X, Wilson SJ, Hofstra CL, Blevitt J, Pyati J, Li X, Chai W, Carruthers N, Lovenberg TW: Cloning and pharmacological characterization of a fourth histamine receptor (H(4)) expressed in bone marrow. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Mar;59(3):420-6. [11179434 ]
- General Function:
- Histamine receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- The H4 subclass of histamine receptors could mediate the histamine signals in peripheral tissues. Displays a significant level of constitutive activity (spontaneous activity in the absence of agonist).
- Gene Name:
- HRH4
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9H3N8
- Molecular Weight:
- 44495.375 Da
References
- Nguyen T, Shapiro DA, George SR, Setola V, Lee DK, Cheng R, Rauser L, Lee SP, Lynch KR, Roth BL, O'Dowd BF: Discovery of a novel member of the histamine receptor family. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Mar;59(3):427-33. [11179435 ]
- General Function:
- Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function:
- Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
- Gene Name:
- SLC6A2
- Uniprot ID:
- P23975
- Molecular Weight:
- 69331.42 Da
References
- Peddi S, Roth BL, Glennon RA, Westkaemper RB: Structural determinants for high 5-HT(2A) receptor affinity of spiro[9,10-dihydroanthracene]-9,3(')-pyrrolidine (SpAMDA). Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 May 3;14(9):2279-83. [15081025 ]
- General Function:
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates phospholipase C and a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Affects neural activity, perception, cognition and mood. Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including responses to anxiogenic situations and psychoactive substances. Plays a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in arterial vasoconstriction.(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human JC polyomavirus/JCPyV.
- Gene Name:
- HTR2A
- Uniprot ID:
- P28223
- Molecular Weight:
- 52602.58 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Cyproheptadine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. This antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors, leading to a reduction of the negative symptoms brought on by histamine HA-receptor binding.
References
- Rashid M, Nakazawa M, Nagatomo T: Effects of sarpogrelate, a novel 5-HT2 antagonist, on 5-HT-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations in porcine coronary artery. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Aug;89(4):405-12. [12233819 ]
- General Function:
- G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is adenylate cyclase inhibition. Signaling promotes phospholipase C activity, leading to the release of inositol trisphosphate (IP3); this then triggers calcium ion release into the cytosol.
- Gene Name:
- CHRM2
- Uniprot ID:
- P08172
- Molecular Weight:
- 51714.605 Da
References
- Eltze M, Lambrecht G, Mutschler E: Cyproheptadine displays high affinity for muscarinic receptors but does not discriminate between receptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol. 1989 Dec 7;173(2-3):219-22. [2625138 ]
- General Function:
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that regulates the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Plays a role in the regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release and in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism. Plays a role in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, mood and behavior. Plays a role in the response to anxiogenic stimuli.
- Gene Name:
- HTR1A
- Uniprot ID:
- P08908
- Molecular Weight:
- 46106.335 Da
References
- Toll L, Berzetei-Gurske IP, Polgar WE, Brandt SR, Adapa ID, Rodriguez L, Schwartz RW, Haggart D, O'Brien A, White A, Kennedy JM, Craymer K, Farrington L, Auh JS: Standard binding and functional assays related to medications development division testing for potential cocaine and opiate narcotic treatment medications. NIDA Res Monogr. 1998 Mar;178:440-66. [9686407 ]
- General Function:
- Serotonin:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function:
- Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal for re-utilization. Plays a key role in mediating regulation of the availability of serotonin to other receptors of serotonergic systems. Terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner.
- Gene Name:
- SLC6A4
- Uniprot ID:
- P31645
- Molecular Weight:
- 70324.165 Da
References
- Peddi S, Roth BL, Glennon RA, Westkaemper RB: Structural determinants for high 5-HT(2A) receptor affinity of spiro[9,10-dihydroanthracene]-9,3(')-pyrrolidine (SpAMDA). Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2004 May 3;14(9):2279-83. [15081025 ]