Basic Info

Common NameMetaldehyde(F04849)
2D Structure
Description

Metaldehyde is a cyclic tetramer of acetaldehyde commonly used as a pesticide against slugs, snails, and other gastropods. Metaldehyde intoxication leads to central nervous system depression, and liver and kidney injury. (L1782)

FRCD IDF04849
CAS Number108-62-3
PubChem CID61021
FormulaC8H16O4
IUPAC Name

2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetraoxocane

InChI Key

GKKDCARASOJPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C8H16O4/c1-5-9-6(2)11-8(4)12-7(3)10-5/h5-8H,1-4H3

Canonical SMILES

CC1OC(OC(OC(O1)C)C)C

Isomeric SMILES

CC1OC(OC(OC(O1)C)C)C

WikipediaMetaldehyde
Synonyms
        
            Halizan
        
            Corry's Slug Death
        
            METALDEHYDE
        
            Metacetaldehyde
        
            108-62-3
        
            Cekumeta
        
            Ariotox
        
            Metason
        
            Acetaldehyde, tetramer
        
            Slug-Tox
        
Classifies
                

                  
                    Pesticide
                  

                
        
Update DateNov 13, 2018 17:07

Chemical Taxonomy

KingdomOrganic compounds
SuperclassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
SubclassEthers
Intermediate Tree NodesNot available
Direct ParentAcetals
Alternative Parents
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
SubstituentsOxacycle - Organoheterocyclic compound - Acetal - Hydrocarbon derivative - Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acetals. These are compounds having the structure R2C(OR')2 ( R' not Hydrogen) and thus diethers of geminal diols. Originally, the term was confined to derivatives of aldehydes (one R = H), but it now applies equally to derivatives of ketones (neither R = H ). Mixed acetals have different R' groups.

Properties

Property NameProperty Value
Molecular Weight176.212
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count4
Rotatable Bond Count0
Complexity91
Monoisotopic Mass176.105
Exact Mass176.105
XLogP1.1
Formal Charge0
Heavy Atom Count12
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Isotope Atom Count0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count1

ADMET

Model Result Probability
Absorption
Blood-Brain BarrierBBB+0.9711
Human Intestinal AbsorptionHIA+0.9806
Caco-2 PermeabilityCaco2+0.6242
P-glycoprotein SubstrateNon-substrate0.7888
P-glycoprotein InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9254
Non-inhibitor0.9626
Renal Organic Cation TransporterNon-inhibitor0.9569
Distribution
Subcellular localizationLysosome0.5031
Metabolism
CYP450 2C9 SubstrateNon-substrate0.8544
CYP450 2D6 SubstrateNon-substrate0.8798
CYP450 3A4 SubstrateNon-substrate0.7298
CYP450 1A2 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8434
CYP450 2C9 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9532
CYP450 2D6 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9634
CYP450 2C19 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9493
CYP450 3A4 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9312
CYP Inhibitory PromiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9415
Excretion
Toxicity
Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene InhibitionWeak inhibitor0.9739
Non-inhibitor0.9874
AMES ToxicityNon AMES toxic0.7231
CarcinogensNon-carcinogens0.6612
Fish ToxicityLow FHMT0.7599
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ToxicityLow TPT0.8381
Honey Bee ToxicityHigh HBT0.8345
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9007
Acute Oral ToxicityII0.7434
Carcinogenicity (Three-class)Non-required0.5705

Model Value Unit
Absorption
Aqueous solubility-1.8295LogS
Caco-2 Permeability1.0638LogPapp, cm/s
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Toxicity
Rat Acute Toxicity2.8586LD50, mol/kg
Fish Toxicity2.0680pLC50, mg/L
Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity-0.8869pIGC50, ug/L

MRLs

FoodProduct CodeCountryMRLsApplication DateNotes
Kidney Beans,Immature(With Pods)Japan1ppm
Soybeans,DryJapan1ppm
Broad BeansJapan1ppm
PeasJapan1ppm
Corn(Maize)Japan1ppm
PotatoAustria0. 2mg/kg
FRUITS, FRESH or FROZEN; TREE NUTS0100000European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Citrus fruits0110000European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Grapefruits (Natsudaidais, Shaddocks/pomelos, Sweeties/oroblancos, Tangelolos, Tangelos (except minneolas)/Ugli®, Other hybrids of Citrus paradisi, not elsewhere mentioned,)0110010European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Oranges (Bergamots, Bitter oranges/sour oranges, Blood oranges, Cara caras, Chinottos, Trifoliate oranges, Other hybrids of Citrus sinensis, not elsewhere mentioned,)0110020European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Lemons (Buddha's hands/Buddha's fingers, Citrons,)0110030European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Limes (Indian sweet limes/Palestine sweet limes, Kaffir limes, Sweet limes/mosambis, Tahiti limes, Limequats,)0110040European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Mandarins (Calamondins, Clementines, Cleopatra mandarins, Minneolas, Satsumas/clausellinas, Tangerines/dancy mandarins, Tangors, Other hybrids of Citrus reticulata, not elsewhere mentioned,)0110050European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Others (2)0110990European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Tree nuts0120000European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Almonds (Apricot kernels, Bitter almonds, Canarium nuts/galip nuts, Pili nuts, Okari nuts,)0120010European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Brazil nuts0120020European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Cashew nuts0120030European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Chestnuts0120040European Union0.05*20/10/2017
Coconuts (Areca nuts/betel nuts,)0120050European Union0.05*20/10/2017

References

TitleJournalDatePubmed ID
Metaldehyde Poisoning of Companion Animals: A Three-year Retrospective Study.J Vet Res2017 Sep 1929978088
Toxicoses of the Ruminant Nervous System.Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract2017 Mar28166935
Pesticide incidence in poisoned baits: A 10-year report.Sci Total Environ2017 Dec 128564626
Dissipation, residues and risk assessment of metaldehyde and niclosamideethanolamine in pakchoi after field application.Food Chem2017 Aug 1528372221
Evaluation of the in vitro efficacy of hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, and thecombined approach on the removal of metaldehyde from canine plasma.J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)2016 Jul27219514
Suspected poisoning of domestic animals by pesticides.Sci Total Environ2016 Jan 126367188
Control measures for slug and snail hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, withspecial reference to the semi-slug Parmarion martensi.Hawaii J Med Public Health2013 Jun23901389
Death by caffeine: presumptive malicious poisoning of a dog by incorporation inground meat.J Med Toxicol2012 Dec23104127
Analysis of molluscicide metaldehyde in vegetables by dispersive solid-phaseextraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess2011Aug21598139
Backbone cyclised peptides from plants show molluscicidal activity against the rice pest Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail).J Agric Food Chem2008 Jul 918557620
Identification of environmental factors limiting plant uptake of metaldehyde seedtreatments under field conditions.J Agric Food Chem2006 May 1719127739
A laboratory-based comparison of a molluscicide and an alternative food source(red clover) as means of reducing slug damage to winter wheat.Pest Manag Sci2005 Jul15838932
[Case report-fatal snail bait (metaldehyde) overdose presenting aspirationpneumonia].Chudoku Kenkyu2003 Oct14740568
Seed dressings to control slug damage in oilseed rape.Pest Manag Sci2002 Jul12146169
Determination of metaldehyde in suspected cases of animal poisoning using gaschromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry.J Agric Food Chem1999 Nov10552870
4-week oral toxicity study of a combination of eight chemicals in rats:comparison with the toxicity of the individual compounds.Food Chem Toxicol1990 Sep2272560
Practical toxicologic diagnosis.Mod Vet Pract1984 Aug6493203
Long-term toxicity and reproduction studies with metaldehyde in rats.Toxicology19751129810

Targets

General Function:
Temperature-gated cation channel activity
Specific Function:
Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of pain and possibly also in cold perception and inner ear function (PubMed:25389312, PubMed:25855297). Has a central role in the pain response to endogenous inflammatory mediators and to a diverse array of volatile irritants, such as mustard oil, cinnamaldehyde, garlic and acrolein, an irritant from tears gas and vehicule exhaust fumes (PubMed:25389312, PubMed:20547126). Is also activated by menthol (in vitro)(PubMed:25389312). Acts also as a ionotropic cannabinoid receptor by being activated by delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana (PubMed:25389312). May be a component for the mechanosensitive transduction channel of hair cells in inner ear, thereby participating in the perception of sounds. Probably operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (By similarity).
Gene Name:
TRPA1
Uniprot ID:
O75762
Molecular Weight:
127499.88 Da
References
  1. Nilius B, Prenen J, Owsianik G: Irritating channels: the case of TRPA1. J Physiol. 2011 Apr 1;589(Pt 7):1543-9. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.200717. Epub 2010 Nov 15. [21078588 ]