Verrucarol
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Verrucarol(F04970) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Verrucarol is a trichothecene. Trichothecenes are a very large family of chemically related mycotoxins produced by various species of Fusarium, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, Trichothecium, Cephalosporium, Verticimonosporium, and Stachybotrys. The most important structural features causing the biological activities of trichothecenes are: the 12,13-epoxy ring, the presence of hydroxyl or acetyl groups at appropriate positions on the trichothecene nucleus and the structure and position of the side-chain. They are produced on many different grains like wheat, oats or maize by various Fusarium species such as F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. poae and F. equiseti. Some molds that produce trichothecene mycotoxins, such as Stachybotrys chartarum, can grow in damp indoor environments and may contribute to health problems among building occupants. (L1948) |
| FRCD ID | F04970 |
| CAS Number | 2198-92-7 |
| PubChem CID | 104989 |
| Formula | C15H22O4 |
| IUPAC Name | None |
| InChI Key | ZSRVBNXAPSQDFY-CXOCQXMISA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C15H22O4/c1-9-3-4-14(7-16)11(5-9)19-12-6-10(17)13(14,2)15(12)8-18-15/h5,10-12,16-17H,3-4,6-8H2,1-2H3/t10-,11-,12-,13?,14-,15?/m1/s1 |
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=CC2C(CC1)(C3(C(CC(C34CO4)O2)O)C)CO |
| Isomeric SMILES | CC1=C[C@@H]2[C@](CC1)(C3([C@@H](C[C@H](C34CO4)O2)O)C)CO |
| Synonyms |
Verrucarol
UNII-16Z45187LG
16Z45187LG
2198-92-7
AC1L2XUE
SMP2_000068
4|A,15-Dihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene
(4beta)-12,13-Epoxytrichothec-9-ene-4,15-diol
Trichothec-9-ene-4,15-diol, 12,13-epoxy-, (4beta)-
|
| Classifies |
Fungal Toxin
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 266.337 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 4 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 1 |
| Complexity | 461 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 266.152 |
| Exact Mass | 266.152 |
| XLogP | 0 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 19 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 4 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 2 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9220 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.9565 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2- | 0.7365 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Substrate | 0.8623 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.5670 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9462 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.7246 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.5631 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8478 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8395 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Substrate | 0.6829 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8528 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8393 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9306 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8527 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8957 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.9412 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9417 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.5247 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.8289 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.9573 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.8238 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.9586 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.7982 |
| Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | 0.9966 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | I | 0.5910 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.5959 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -4.2464 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 0.6444 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 3.3276 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 1.2542 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | 0.6964 | pIGC50, ug/L |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Occurrence of type A, B and D trichothecenes in barley and barley products from the Bavarian market. | Mycotoxin Res | 2012 May | 23606047 |
| Cross-reactivity of antibodies in some commercial deoxynivalenol test kits against some fusariotoxins. | J Agric Food Chem | 2010 Dec 22 | 21087038 |
| Degradation of trichothecene mycotoxins by chicken intestinal microbes. | Food Chem Toxicol | 2007 Jan | 17011105 |
| Development of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 16 mycotoxins on cellulose filters and in fungal cultures. | Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom | 2006 | 16470672 |
| A multicomponent method for Fusarium toxins in cereal based food and feed samplesusing HPLC-MS/MS. | Mycotoxin Res | 2005 Mar | 23605200 |
| Development of a multicomponent method for Fusarium toxins using LC-MS/MS and its application during a survey for the content of T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol in various feed and food samples. | Food Addit Contam | 2005 Aug | 16147431 |
| Report from SCOOP task 3.2.10 "collection of occurrence data of Fusarium toxins in food and assessment of dietary intake by the population of EU member states". Subtask: trichothecenes. | Toxicol Lett | 2004 Oct 10 | 15342090 |
| Isoverrucarol production by Fusarium oxysporum CJS-12 isolated from corn. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 1990 Jan | 2310181 |
| Inhibition of human lymphocyte transformation by the macrocyclic trichothecenes roridin A and verrucarin A. | Toxicol Lett | 1988 Jun | 3376149 |
| Enzyme immunoassay for the macrocyclic trichothecene roridin A: production, properties, and use of rabbit antibodies. | Appl Environ Microbiol | 1988 Jan | 3278686 |
| Detection of trace levels of trichothecene mycotoxins in environmental residues and foodstuffs using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric or electron-capture detection. | J Chromatogr | 1987 Feb 13 | 3558653 |
| Protective effect of vitamins against trichothecene toxicity towards Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | Experientia | 1987 Aug 15 | 3305064 |
| [Fusarium toxins in feed. Detection and occurrence of trichothecenes]. | Tierarztl Prax Suppl | 1985 | 4012784 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Structural constituent of ribosome
- Gene Name:
- MRPS5
- Uniprot ID:
- P82675
- Molecular Weight:
- 48006.135 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Trichothecenes move freely across the plasma membrane and bind specifically to ribosomes with high-affinity. Specifically, they interfere with the active site of peptidyl transferase at the 3'-end of large 28S ribosomal RNA and inhibit the initiation, elongation or termination step of protein synthesis, as well as cause polyribosomal disaggregation. Trichothecenes are cytotoxic because protein synthesis is an essential function in all tissues. Additionally, binding to ribosomes is thought to activate proteins in downstream signalling events related to immune response and apoptosis, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases. This is known as ribotoxic stress response.
References
- Pestka JJ: Mechanisms of deoxynivalenol-induced gene expression and apoptosis. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2008 Sep;25(9):1128-40. [19238623 ]
- General Function:
- Temperature-gated cation channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of pain and possibly also in cold perception and inner ear function (PubMed:25389312, PubMed:25855297). Has a central role in the pain response to endogenous inflammatory mediators and to a diverse array of volatile irritants, such as mustard oil, cinnamaldehyde, garlic and acrolein, an irritant from tears gas and vehicule exhaust fumes (PubMed:25389312, PubMed:20547126). Is also activated by menthol (in vitro)(PubMed:25389312). Acts also as a ionotropic cannabinoid receptor by being activated by delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana (PubMed:25389312). May be a component for the mechanosensitive transduction channel of hair cells in inner ear, thereby participating in the perception of sounds. Probably operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (By similarity).
- Gene Name:
- TRPA1
- Uniprot ID:
- O75762
- Molecular Weight:
- 127499.88 Da
References
- Nilius B, Prenen J, Owsianik G: Irritating channels: the case of TRPA1. J Physiol. 2011 Apr 1;589(Pt 7):1543-9. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.200717. Epub 2010 Nov 15. [21078588 ]