Ethephon
(right click,save link as to download,it is a temp file,please download as soon as possible, you can also use CTRL+S to save the whole html page)
Basic Info
| Common Name | Ethephon(F05063) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Ethephon is the word’s most widely used plant growth regulator. It is manufactured by Rhône-Poulenc (Bayer Crop Science). Upon metabolism by the plant, it is converted into ethylene, a potent regulator of plant growth and maturity. It is often used on wheat, coffee, tobacco, cotton, and rice in order to help the plant's fruit reach maturity more quickly. Cotton is the most important single crop use for ethephon. It initiates fruiting over a period of several weeks, and enhances defoliation to facilitate and improve efficiency of scheduled harvesting. Ethephon also is widely used by pineapple growers to initiate reproductive development of pineapple. Ethephon is also sprayed on mature-green pineapple fruits to degreen them to meet produce marketing requirements. The toxicity of ethephon is actually very low, and any ethephon used on the plant is converted very quickly to ethylene. |
| FRCD ID | F05063 |
| CAS Number | 16672-87-0 |
| PubChem CID | 27982 |
| Formula | C2H6ClO3P |
| IUPAC Name | 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid |
| InChI Key | UDPGUMQDCGORJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C2H6ClO3P/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h1-2H2,(H2,4,5,6) |
| Canonical SMILES | C(CCl)P(=O)(O)O |
| Isomeric SMILES | C(CCl)P(=O)(O)O |
| Synonyms |
2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid
Phosphonic acid, (2-chloroethyl)-
ETHEPHON
16672-87-0
(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic acid
Ethrel
Chlorethephon
Bromeflor
Camposan
2-Cepa
|
| Classifies |
Pesticide
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Organic acids and derivatives |
| Class | Organic phosphonic acids and derivatives |
| Subclass | Organic phosphonic acids |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Organic phosphonic acids |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Organophosphonic acid - Organic oxygen compound - Organopnictogen compound - Organic oxide - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organophosphorus compound - Organochloride - Organohalogen compound - Alkyl halide - Alkyl chloride - Aliphatic acyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic phosphonic acids. These are organic compounds containing phosphonic acid. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 144.491 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 3 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 2 |
| Complexity | 86.9 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 143.974 |
| Exact Mass | 143.974 |
| XLogP | -1 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 7 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.8758 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.6638 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2- | 0.6459 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7950 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9370 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9856 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.9182 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.8272 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7737 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8120 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6586 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8847 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9101 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9308 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8703 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8978 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.9572 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.7298 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9144 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.5350 |
| Carcinogens | Carcinogens | 0.5593 |
| Fish Toxicity | Low FHMT | 0.8605 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.9187 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.7761 |
| Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | 0.9027 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | III | 0.7991 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.4587 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -1.7708 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | -0.1761 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 1.6591 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 2.0906 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | -0.1847 | pIGC50, ug/L |
MRLs
| Food | Product Code | Country | MRLs | Application Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yams | Britain | 0.05mg/kg | |||
| Wild Berries & Wild Fruit | Britain | 0.05mg/kg | |||
| Pig,Muscle | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Turnip,Leaves | Japan | 0.05ppm | |||
| Pineapples | Canada | 0. 5mg/kg | |||
| Wheat Milling Fractions, Excluding Flour | Canada | 2mg/kg | |||
| Rose hips | 0154050 | European Union | 0.05* | 20/10/2017 | |
| Mulberries (black and white) | 0154060 | European Union | 0.05* | 20/10/2017 | |
| Loquats/Japanese medlars | 0130050 | European Union | 0.05* | 20/10/2017 | |
| Others (2) | 0130990 | European Union | 0.05* | 20/10/2017 | |
| Cherries (sweet) (Black cherries, Capulins, Chokecherries, Cornelian cherries/European corniols, Nanking cherries, Sour cherries/morello cherries,) | 0140020 | European Union | 5 | 20/10/2017 | |
| Peaches (Flat peaches/saturn peaches/paraguayas, Nectarines, Other hybrids of Persica vulgaris; syn: Prunus persica, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0140030 | European Union | 0.05* | 20/10/2017 | |
| Others (2) | 0140990 | European Union | 0.05* | 20/10/2017 | |
| Table grapes (Kiwiberries/dwarf kiwi (2), Schisandra berries,) | 0151010 | European Union | 1 | 20/10/2017 | |
| Wine grapes (Amur river grapes, Muscadine grapes,) | 0151020 | European Union | 2 | 20/10/2017 | |
| (b) strawberries (Musky strawberries, Wild strawberries,) | 0152000 | European Union | 0.05* | 20/10/2017 | |
| (c) cane fruits | 0153000 | European Union | 0.05* | 20/10/2017 | |
| Blackberries | 0153010 | European Union | 0.05* | 20/10/2017 | |
| Dewberries (Boysenberries, Loganberries, Olallieberries, Salmonberries, Tayberries, Thimbleberries, Youngberries, Other species and hybrids of genus Rubus, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0153020 | European Union | 0.05* | 20/10/2017 | |
| Raspberries (red and yellow) (Arctic brambles/arctic raspberries/nectar berries, Black raspberries, Korean black raspberries, Korean raspberries, Nectar raspberries, Wineberries/Japanese wineberries,) | 0153030 | European Union | 0.05* | 20/10/2017 |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Factors affecting the quantitative uncertainty of the estimated short-termintake. Part I-Calculation methods. | J Environ Sci Health B | 2018 Jun 3 | 29584571 |
| Calcium-dependent protein kinases in cotton: insights into early plant responses to salt stress. | BMC Plant Biol | 2018 Jan 17 | 29343239 |
| Effect of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene on the postharvest behavior of capegooseberry fruits (Physalis peruviana L.). | Food Sci Technol Int | 2017 Jan | 27440155 |
| Development and Validation of Ion Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-BasedMethod for the Multiresidue Determination of Polar Ionic Pesticides in Food. | J Agric Food Chem | 2017 Aug 30 | 28388055 |
| Determination of Glyphosate, Maleic Hydrazide, Fosetyl Aluminum, and Ethephon in Grapes by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. | J Agric Food Chem | 2017 Aug 30 | 28759225 |
| Field evaluation of two risk indicators for predicting likelihood of pesticidetransport to surface water from two orchards. | Sci Total Environ | 2016 Nov 15 | 27424118 |
| Novel insights of ethylene role in strawberry cell wall metabolism. | Plant Sci | 2016 Nov | 27717444 |
| Simple extraction method using syringe filter for detection of ethephon intomatoes by negative-ion mode liquid chromatography with tandem massspectrometry. | Biomed Chromatogr | 2015 Oct | 25753465 |
| Effects of pre-harvest chemical application on rice desiccation and seed quality. | J Zhejiang Univ Sci B | 2015 Oct | 26465129 |
| Hormonal and metabolic regulation of tomato fruit sink activity and yield undersalinity. | J Exp Bot | 2014 Nov | 25170099 |
| Pectin-derived oligosaccharides increase color and anthocyanin content in FlameSeedless grapes. | J Sci Food Agric | 2011 Aug 15 | 21484810 |
| Investigation of in vitro effects of ethephon and chlorpyrifos, either alone orin combination, on rat intestinal muscle contraction. | Interdiscip Toxicol | 2010 Mar | 21217869 |
| Ethephon elicits protection against Erysiphe necator in grapevine. | J Agric Food Chem | 2008 Jul 23 | 18570435 |
| Post-anthesis development of inferior and superior spikelets in rice in relation to abscisic acid and ethylene. | J Exp Bot | 2006 | 16330527 |
| An ion-pairing liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method for thedetermination of ethephon residues in vegetables. | Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom | 2006 | 16381059 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function:
- Esterase with broad substrate specificity. Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters.
- Gene Name:
- BCHE
- Uniprot ID:
- P06276
- Molecular Weight:
- 68417.575 Da
References
- Liyasova MS, Schopfer LM, Kodani S, Lantz SR, Casida JE, Lockridge O: Newly observed spontaneous activation of ethephon as a butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Mar 18;26(3):422-31. doi: 10.1021/tx300501n. Epub 2013 Mar 1. [23410221 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Transcriptionally controlled transcription factor. Binds to DNA sites required for the transcription of alpha 1-antitrypsin, apolipoprotein CIII, transthyretin genes and HNF1-alpha. May be essential for development of the liver, kidney and intestine.
- Gene Name:
- HNF4A
- Uniprot ID:
- P41235
- Molecular Weight:
- 52784.205 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- Gene Name:
- CCL2
- Uniprot ID:
- P13500
- Molecular Weight:
- 11024.87 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Cytokine activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytokine that affects the growth, movement, or activation state of cells that participate in immune and inflammatory response. Chemotactic for activated T-cells. Binds to CXCR3.
- Gene Name:
- CXCL9
- Uniprot ID:
- Q07325
- Molecular Weight:
- 14018.72 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Cytokine activity
- Specific Function:
- Produced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells.
- Gene Name:
- IL1A
- Uniprot ID:
- P01583
- Molecular Weight:
- 30606.29 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Norepinephrine:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function:
- Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
- Gene Name:
- SLC6A2
- Uniprot ID:
- P23975
- Molecular Weight:
- 69331.42 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function:
- Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1/beta-catenin.Isoform 2 may act as an antagonist of EGF action.
- Gene Name:
- EGFR
- Uniprot ID:
- P00533
- Molecular Weight:
- 134276.185 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]