Malathion
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Malathion(F05095) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Malathion is an organophosphate parasympathomimetic which binds irreversibly to cholinesterase. Malathion is an insecticide of relatively low human toxicity. |
| FRCD ID | F05095 |
| CAS Number | 121-75-5 |
| PubChem CID | 4004 |
| Formula | C10H19O6PS2 |
| IUPAC Name | diethyl 2-dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylbutanedioate |
| InChI Key | JXSJBGJIGXNWCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C10H19O6PS2/c1-5-15-9(11)7-8(10(12)16-6-2)19-17(18,13-3)14-4/h8H,5-7H2,1-4H3 |
| Canonical SMILES | CCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCC)SP(=S)(OC)OC |
| Isomeric SMILES | CCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCC)SP(=S)(OC)OC |
| Wikipedia | Malathion |
| Synonyms |
malathion
Carbophos
Mercaptothion
Carbofos
Karbofos
121-75-5
Maldison
Phosphothion
Carbetox
Ethiolacar
|
| Classifies |
Pollutant
Pesticide
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
| Class | Fatty Acyls |
| Subclass | Fatty acid esters |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Fatty acid esters |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Fatty acid ester - Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives - Dithiophosphate o-ester - Dithiophosphate s-ester - Organic dithiophosphate - Carboxylic acid ester - Carboxylic acid derivative - Organothiophosphorus compound - Sulfenyl compound - Organooxygen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organic oxide - Organic oxygen compound - Organosulfur compound - Carbonyl group - Aliphatic acyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid esters. These are carboxylic ester derivatives of a fatty acid. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 330.35 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 8 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 11 |
| Complexity | 341 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 330.036 |
| Exact Mass | 330.036 |
| XLogP | 2.4 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 19 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 1 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9236 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.9031 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2- | 0.5579 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7901 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.6817 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9522 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.9414 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.7536 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8308 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.9116 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6132 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8415 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.7963 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9114 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.7480 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.5673 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.8504 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9228 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.8641 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.9132 |
| Carcinogens | Carcinogens | 0.6261 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.9402 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.6168 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.9117 |
| Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | 0.8429 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | II | 0.7605 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.7437 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -3.3076 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 0.3175 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 3.0259 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 1.7623 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | 0.0612 | pIGC50, ug/L |
MRLs
| Food | Product Code | Country | MRLs | Application Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pine nut kernels (Pine nut kernels from other species than Pinus pinea, Pine nut kernels from other species than Pinus pinea, Pine nut kernels from other species than Pinus pinea, Pine nut kernels ... | 0120090 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Blueberries (Aronia berries/chokeberries (black, purple and red), Aronia berries/chokeberries (black, purple and red), Aronia berries/chokeberries (black, purple and red), Bearberries, Bilberries/E... | 0154010 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Jambuls/jambolans (Acerolas/Barbados cherries, Arbutus berries, Camu camus, Carandas, Coco plums, Grumichamas/Brazil cherries, Hog plums/yellow mombins, Java apples, Otaheite gooseberries, Sea grap... | 0161070 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Date | Japan | $_oppm | |||
| Grapes | Canada | 8mg/kg | |||
| Fruits,Dried | Australia | 8mg/kg | |||
| Green Onions | Canada | 3mg/kg | |||
| Lettuces (Crisp lettuces/iceberg lettuces, Cutting lettuces, Head lettuces/cabbage lettuces, Romaines/cos lettuces/lollo bionda/lollo rosso,) | 0251020 | European Union | 0.5 | 03/04/2015 | |
| Escaroles/broad-leaved endives (Curly endives/ frisée endives, Dandelions, Puntarelle, Radicchio/red-leaved chicories, Sugar loaf chicories, Wild chicories/common chicories,) | 0251030 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Roman rocket/rucola (Wall rocket,) | 0251060 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Red mustards | 0251070 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Baby leaf crops (including brassica species) (Chards/beet leaves, Escaroles/broad-leaved endives, Indian mustards/mustard greens, Lettuces, Spinaches, Other species harvested at baby leaf stage,) | 0251080 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Others (2) | 0251990 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| (b) spinaches and similar leaves | 0252000 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Spinaches (Amaranths/Chinese spinaches/pak-khom, Amaranths/Chinese spinaches/pak-khom, Amaranths/Chinese spinaches/pak-khom, Amaranths/Chinese spinaches/pak-khom, Amaranths/Chinese spinaches/pak-kh... | 0252010 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Purslanes (Agretti, Glassworts/samphires, Rock samphires, Sea asters, Sea lavenders, Winter purslanes/miner's lettuces, Karkallas/Hottentot figs/Iceplant leaves,) | 0252020 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Chards/beet leaves (Beetroot leaves, Swiss chards,) | 0252030 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Others (2) | 0252990 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| (c) grape leaves and similar species (Climbing wattle/acacia shoots, Malabar nightshades,) | 0253000 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 | |
| Sugar beet roots | 0900010 | European Union | 0.02* | 03/04/2015 |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aptasensor based on fluorophore-quencher nano-pair and smartphone spectrum readerfor on-site quantification of multi-pesticides. | Biosens Bioelectron | 2018 Oct 15 | 29886189 |
| Metabolic Resistance to Acetolactate Synthase Inhibiting HerbicideTribenuron-Methyl in Descurainia sophia L. Mediated by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. | J Agric Food Chem | 2018 May 2 | 29652484 |
| Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides and phthalates in baby food samples by ultrasound-vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction andGC-IT/MS. | Anal Bioanal Chem | 2018 May | 29549507 |
| Malathion induced oxidative stress leads to histopathological and biochemicaltoxicity in the liver of rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton) at acute concentration. | Ecotoxicol Environ Saf | 2018 Jun 7 | 29886314 |
| Deciphering the toxic effects of iprodione, a fungicide and malathion, an insecticide on thiol protease inhibitor isolated from yellow Indian mustard seeds. | Environ Toxicol Pharmacol | 2018 Jul | 29852369 |
| Organophosphate Pesticides Alter Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) Behavior inSingle and Consecutive Exposures. | Arch Environ Contam Toxicol | 2018 Jul | 29779178 |
| Malathion-induced spermatozoal oxidative damage and alterations in sperm quality of endangered trout Salmo coruhensis. | Environ Sci Pollut Res Int | 2018 Jan | 29128945 |
| Degradation of Organophosphorus and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Beverages:Implications for Risk Assessment. | Toxics | 2018 Feb 2 | 29393904 |
| Application of a magnetic graphene nanocomposite for organophosphorus pesticideextraction in environmental water samples. | J Chromatogr A | 2018 Feb 2 | 29307530 |
| Evaluation of an acute oral gavage method for assessment of pesticide toxicity interrestrial amphibians. | Environ Toxicol Chem | 2018 Feb | 28865127 |
| [Enhancement of Pesticide Peak Response in GC-MS in the Presence of MultipleCo-Existing Reference Pesticides]. | Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi | 2018 | 30033992 |
| Simultaneous Determination of Residue from 58 Pesticides in the Wheat FlourConsumed in Tehran, Iran by GC/MS. | Iran J Pharm Res | 2017 Summer | 29201093 |
| Optimization of a methodology for the simultaneous determination of deltamethrin,permethrin and malathion in stored wheat samples using dispersive liquid-liquidmicroextraction with solidification of floating organic drop and HPLC-UV. | J Environ Sci Health B | 2017 Sep 2 | 28586286 |
| Efficient Degradation of Malathion in the Presence of Detergents Using anEngineered Organophosphorus Hydrolase Highly Expressed by Pichia pastoris withoutMethanol Induction. | J Agric Food Chem | 2017 Oct 18 | 28949531 |
| Malathion and dithane induce DNA damage in Vicia faba. | Toxicol Ind Health | 2017 Nov | 28950791 |
| Toxicity and residual effects of insecticides on Ascia monuste and predatorSolenopsis saevissima. | Pest Manag Sci | 2017 Nov | 28466580 |
| Isoxadifen safening mechanism in sweet corn genotypes with differential response to P450-metabolized herbicides. | Pestic Biochem Physiol | 2017 May | 28456300 |
| Aged garlic extract ameliorates immunotoxicity, hematotoxicity and impairedburn-healing in malathion- and carbaryl-treated male albino rats. | Environ Toxicol | 2017 Mar | 27214522 |
| Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Commonly Used Fruits and Vegetables inKuwait. | Int J Environ Res Public Health | 2017 Jul 25 | 28757570 |
| Determination of pesticide and phthalate residues in tea by QuEChERS method andtheir fate in processing. | Environ Sci Pollut Res Int | 2017 Jan | 27854062 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID:
- P33261
- Molecular Weight:
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
- Gene Name:
- ADORA2A
- Uniprot ID:
- P29274
- Molecular Weight:
- 44706.925 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Purine nucleoside binding
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for adenosine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
- Gene Name:
- ADORA1
- Uniprot ID:
- P30542
- Molecular Weight:
- 36511.325 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function:
- Esterase with broad substrate specificity. Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters.
- Gene Name:
- BCHE
- Uniprot ID:
- P06276
- Molecular Weight:
- 68417.575 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
- General Function:
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa synthase activity
- Specific Function:
- This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase.
- Gene Name:
- HMGCS2
- Uniprot ID:
- P54868
- Molecular Weight:
- 56634.915 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- This enzyme metabolizes arachidonic acid predominantly via a NADPH-dependent olefin epoxidation to all four regioisomeric cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. One of the predominant enzymes responsible for the epoxidation of endogenous cardiac arachidonic acid pools.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2J2
- Uniprot ID:
- P51589
- Molecular Weight:
- 57610.165 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C18
- Uniprot ID:
- P33260
- Molecular Weight:
- 55710.075 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID:
- P11712
- Molecular Weight:
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID:
- P05177
- Molecular Weight:
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID:
- P20813
- Molecular Weight:
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P04798
- Molecular Weight:
- 58164.815 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- Uniprot ID:
- P05184
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID:
- P10635
- Molecular Weight:
- 55768.94 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID:
- P20815
- Molecular Weight:
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide (PubMed:11159812). Catalyzes 4-beta-hydroxylation of cholesterol. May catalyze 25-hydroxylation of cholesterol in vitro (PubMed:21576599).
- Gene Name:
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID:
- P08684
- Molecular Weight:
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Activated by the antibiotic rifampicin and various plant metabolites, such as hyperforin, guggulipid, colupulone, and isoflavones. Response to specific ligands is species-specific. Activated by naturally occurring steroids, such as pregnenolone and progesterone. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes.
- Gene Name:
- NR1I2
- Uniprot ID:
- O75469
- Molecular Weight:
- 49761.245 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]