Basic Info

Common NameNeopterin(F05246)
2D Structure
Description

Neopterin is a uremic toxin. Uremic toxins can be subdivided into three major groups based upon their chemical and physical characteristics: 1) small, water-soluble, non-protein-bound compounds, such as urea; 2) small, lipid-soluble and/or protein-bound compounds, such as the phenols and 3) larger so-called middle-molecules, such as beta2-microglobulin. Chronic exposure of uremic toxins can lead to a number of conditions including renal damage, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.
Neopterin is a pteridine derivative present in body fluids; elevated levels result from immune system activation, malignant disease, allograft rejection, and viral infections. (From Stedman, 26th ed) Neopterin also serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of biopterin.

FRCD IDF05246
CAS Number2009-64-5
PubChem CID4455
FormulaC9H11N5O4
IUPAC Name

2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-1H-pteridin-4-one

InChI Key

BMQYVXCPAOLZOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI

InChI=1S/C9H11N5O4/c10-9-13-7-5(8(18)14-9)12-3(1-11-7)6(17)4(16)2-15/h1,4,6,15-17H,2H2,(H3,10,11,13,14,18)

Canonical SMILES

C1=C(N=C2C(=N1)NC(=NC2=O)N)C(C(CO)O)O

Isomeric SMILES

C1=C(N=C2C(=N1)NC(=NC2=O)N)C(C(CO)O)O

WikipediaNeopterin
Synonyms
        
            2-Amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-4(3H)-pteridinone
        
            [S-(R*,S*)]-2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-1H-pteridine-4-one
        
            neopterin
        
            Monapterin
        
            neopterine
        
            AC1Q6INQ
        
            AC1L1I7D
        
            SCHEMBL2304401
        
            [S-(R*,S*)]-2-Amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-1H-pteridin-4-on
        
            SCHEMBL11301495
        
Classifies
                

                  
                    Predicted: Pesticide
                  

                
        
Update DateNov 13, 2018 17:07

Chemical Taxonomy

KingdomOrganic compounds
SuperclassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPteridines and derivatives
SubclassPterins and derivatives
Intermediate Tree NodesNot available
Direct ParentBiopterins and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
SubstituentsBiopterin - Aminopyrimidine - Pyrimidone - Pyrazine - Pyrimidine - Heteroaromatic compound - Vinylogous amide - Secondary alcohol - Polyol - Azacycle - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organic oxide - Organopnictogen compound - Primary amine - Primary alcohol - Alcohol - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Organic oxygen compound - Organic nitrogen compound - Amine - Aromatic alcohol - Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
DescriptionThis compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biopterins and derivatives. These are coenzymes containing a 2-amino-pteridine-4-one derivative. They are mainly synthesized in several parts of the body, including the pineal gland.

Properties

Property NameProperty Value
Molecular Weight253.218
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count6
Rotatable Bond Count3
Complexity363
Monoisotopic Mass253.081
Exact Mass253.081
XLogP-3.5
Formal Charge0
Heavy Atom Count18
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count0
Isotope Atom Count0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count1

ADMET

Model Result Probability
Absorption
Blood-Brain BarrierBBB+0.7800
Human Intestinal AbsorptionHIA+0.9673
Caco-2 PermeabilityCaco2-0.7695
P-glycoprotein SubstrateSubstrate0.5466
P-glycoprotein InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9729
Non-inhibitor0.9949
Renal Organic Cation TransporterNon-inhibitor0.9417
Distribution
Subcellular localizationNucleus0.4420
Metabolism
CYP450 2C9 SubstrateNon-substrate0.8613
CYP450 2D6 SubstrateNon-substrate0.8000
CYP450 3A4 SubstrateNon-substrate0.6416
CYP450 1A2 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8400
CYP450 2C9 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9052
CYP450 2D6 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9236
CYP450 2C19 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9046
CYP450 3A4 InhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9209
CYP Inhibitory PromiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9763
Excretion
Toxicity
Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene InhibitionWeak inhibitor0.9893
Non-inhibitor0.9128
AMES ToxicityNon AMES toxic0.7360
CarcinogensNon-carcinogens0.9233
Fish ToxicityLow FHMT0.8754
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ToxicityHigh TPT0.8806
Honey Bee ToxicityLow HBT0.7482
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9706
Acute Oral ToxicityIII0.6658
Carcinogenicity (Three-class)Non-required0.6505

Model Value Unit
Absorption
Aqueous solubility-2.9668LogS
Caco-2 Permeability-0.4978LogPapp, cm/s
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Toxicity
Rat Acute Toxicity2.1247LD50, mol/kg
Fish Toxicity1.7502pLC50, mg/L
Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity0.1876pIGC50, ug/L

References

TitleJournalDatePubmed ID
Impact of High-Dose Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation on NeurocognitivePerformance and Central Nervous System Immune Activation of HIV-1 InfectedIndividuals.Nutrients2017 Nov 2129160817
Effect of Coffee in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activation and Depressive-like Behavior in Mice.J Agric Food Chem2016 Nov 2327690418
Mildly compromised tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor biosynthesis due to Pts variants leads to unusual body fat distribution and abdominal obesity in mice.J Inherit Metab Dis2016 Mar26830550
TiO(2) nanoparticles and bulk material stimulate human peripheral bloodmononuclear cells.Food Chem Toxicol2014 Mar24361406
Cacao extracts suppress tryptophan degradation of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.J Ethnopharmacol2009 Mar 1819330924
Effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy on inflammatorymarkers in Nepalese women.Am J Clin Nutr2006 Nov17093161
Food preservatives sodium sulfite and sorbic acid suppress mitogen-stimulatedperipheral blood mononuclear cells.Food Chem Toxicol2006 Dec16904801
Inflammatory mediator production in swine following endotoxin challenge with or without co-administration of dexamethasone.Int Immunopharmacol2003 Apr12689661
[Transmission of HIV infection].Wien Klin Wochenschr19957886967

Targets

General Function:
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function:
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenadine. Transports benzylpenicillin (PCG), estrone-3-sulfate (E1S), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), p-amino-hippurate (PAH), acyclovir (ACV) and ochratoxin (OTA).
Gene Name:
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID:
Q8TCC7
Molecular Weight:
59855.585 Da
References
  1. Schulz AM, Terne C, Jankowski V, Cohen G, Schaefer M, Boehringer F, Tepel M, Kunkel D, Zidek W, Jankowski J: Modulation of NADPH oxidase activity by known uraemic retention solutes. Eur J Clin Invest. 2014 Aug;44(8):802-11. doi: 10.1111/eci.12297. [25041433 ]
General Function:
Vitamin d binding
Specific Function:
May have weak glycosidase activity towards glucuronylated steroids. However, it lacks essential active site Glu residues at positions 239 and 872, suggesting it may be inactive as a glycosidase in vivo. May be involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis by inhibiting the synthesis of active vitamin D (By similarity). Essential factor for the specific interaction between FGF23 and FGFR1 (By similarity).The Klotho peptide generated by cleavage of the membrane-bound isoform may be an anti-aging circulating hormone which would extend life span by inhibiting insulin/IGF1 signaling.
Gene Name:
KL
Uniprot ID:
Q9UEF7
Molecular Weight:
116179.815 Da
References
  1. Schulz AM, Terne C, Jankowski V, Cohen G, Schaefer M, Boehringer F, Tepel M, Kunkel D, Zidek W, Jankowski J: Modulation of NADPH oxidase activity by known uraemic retention solutes. Eur J Clin Invest. 2014 Aug;44(8):802-11. doi: 10.1111/eci.12297. [25041433 ]
General Function:
Superoxide-generating nadph oxidase activity
Specific Function:
Constitutive NADPH oxidase which generates superoxide intracellularly upon formation of a complex with CYBA/p22phox. Regulates signaling cascades probably through phosphatases inhibition. May function as an oxygen sensor regulating the KCNK3/TASK-1 potassium channel and HIF1A activity. May regulate insulin signaling cascade. May play a role in apoptosis, bone resorption and lipolysaccharide-mediated activation of NFKB. May produce superoxide in the nucleus and play a role in regulating gene expression upon cell stimulation. Isoform 3 is not functional. Isoform 5 and isoform 6 display reduced activity.Isoform 4: Involved in redox signaling in vascular cells. Constitutively and NADPH-dependently generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Modulates the nuclear activation of ERK1/2 and the ELK1 transcription factor, and is capable of inducing nuclear DNA damage. Displays an increased activity relative to isoform 1.
Gene Name:
NOX4
Uniprot ID:
Q9NPH5
Molecular Weight:
66930.995 Da
References
  1. Schulz AM, Terne C, Jankowski V, Cohen G, Schaefer M, Boehringer F, Tepel M, Kunkel D, Zidek W, Jankowski J: Modulation of NADPH oxidase activity by known uraemic retention solutes. Eur J Clin Invest. 2014 Aug;44(8):802-11. doi: 10.1111/eci.12297. [25041433 ]