Glycine
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Glycine(F05337) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Glycine is a simple, nonessential amino acid, although experimental animals show reduced growth on low-glycine diets. The average adult ingests 3 to 5 grams of glycine daily. Glycine is involved in the body's production of DNA, phospholipids and collagen, and in release of energy. Glycine levels are effectively measured in plasma in both normal patients and those with inborn errors of glycine metabolism. Nonketotic hyperglycinaemia (OMIM 606899) is an autosomal recessive condition caused by deficient enzyme activity of the glycine cleavage enzyme system (EC 2.1.1.10). The glycine cleavage enzyme system comprises four proteins: P-, T-, H- and L-proteins (EC 1.4.4.2, EC 2.1.2.10 and EC 1.8.1.4 for P-, T- and L-proteins). Mutations have been described in the GLDC (OMIM 238300), AMT (OMIM 238310), and GCSH (OMIM 238330) genes encoding the P-, T-, and H-proteins respectively. The glycine cleavage system catalyses the oxidative conversion of glycine into carbon dioxide and ammonia, with the remaining one-carbon unit transferred to folate as methylenetetrahydrofolate. It is the main catabolic pathway for glycine and it also contributes to one-carbon metabolism. Patients with a deficiency of this enzyme system have increased glycine in plasma, urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with an increased CSF: plasma glycine ratio. (A3412). t is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. |
| FRCD ID | F05337 |
| CAS Number | 56-40-6 |
| PubChem CID | 750 |
| Formula | C2H5NO2 |
| IUPAC Name | 2-aminoacetic acid |
| InChI Key | DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5) |
| Canonical SMILES | C(C(=O)O)N |
| Isomeric SMILES | C(C(=O)O)N |
| Wikipedia | Glycine |
| Synonyms |
glycine
2-Aminoacetic acid
aminoacetic acid
56-40-6
Glycocoll
Aminoethanoic acid
Glycolixir
Glycosthene
Aciport
Glicoamin
|
| Classifies |
Animal Toxin
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Organic acids and derivatives |
| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
| Subclass | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Amino acids and derivatives - Alpha amino acids and derivatives |
| Direct Parent | Alpha amino acids |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Alpha-amino acid - Amino acid - Carboxylic acid - Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives - Organic nitrogen compound - Organic oxide - Hydrocarbon derivative - Primary amine - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Organopnictogen compound - Primary aliphatic amine - Organic oxygen compound - Carbonyl group - Amine - Aliphatic acyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 75.067 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 3 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 1 |
| Complexity | 42.9 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 75.032 |
| Exact Mass | 75.032 |
| XLogP | -3.2 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 5 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.5728 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.9156 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2- | 0.7533 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7821 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9841 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9794 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.9436 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Lysosome | 0.6944 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8833 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8526 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8432 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9628 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9738 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9750 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9730 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9405 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.9871 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9611 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9556 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.9133 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.6261 |
| Fish Toxicity | Low FHMT | 0.8475 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | Low TPT | 0.9942 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | Low HBT | 0.5442 |
| Biodegradation | Ready biodegradable | 0.9289 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | IV | 0.6276 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.5003 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | 0.4676 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 0.3913 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 1.0076 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 2.9914 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | -1.2750 | pIGC50, ug/L |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quantitative HPLC-MS/MS analysis of toxins in soapberry seeds: Methylenecyclopropylglycine and hypoglycin A. | Food Chem | 2018 Oct 30 | 29853400 |
| New insights into chelator recycling by a chelating resin: From molecular mechanisms to applicability. | Chemosphere | 2018 Oct 15 | 30359949 |
| Oral exposure to the free amino acid glycine inhibits the acute allergic response in a model of cow's milk allergy in mice. | Nutr Res | 2018 Oct | 30340819 |
| Effects of Maillard reaction products in a glucose-glycine alcoholic solution on antioxidative and antimutagenic activities. | J Sci Food Agric | 2018 Nov | 29645274 |
| Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Biological Studies of Mixed Ligand Complexes ofGemifloxacin and Glycine with Zn(II), Sn(II), and Ce(III). | Molecules | 2018 May 15 | 29762531 |
| GmHMA3 sequesters Cd to the root endoplasmic reticulum to limit translocation to the stems in soybean. | Plant Sci | 2018 May | 29576076 |
| Environmental and health effects of the herbicide glyphosate. | Sci Total Environ | 2018 Mar | 29117584 |
| Anti-inflammatory effects of soyasapogenol I-αa via downregulation of the MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. | Food Chem Toxicol | 2018 Mar | 29407474 |
| pH-Dependent Bioavailability, Speciation, and Phytotoxicity of Tungsten (W) in Soil Affect Growth and Molybdoenzyme Activity of Nodulated Soybeans. | Environ Sci Technol | 2018 Jun 5 | 29701969 |
| Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Antifungal Compounds from Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus paracasei, Isolated from Dairy Products. | Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins | 2018 Jun | 29150754 |
| Phytochemical, Free Radical Scavenging and Antifungal Profile of Cuscutacampestris Yunck. Seeds. | Chem Biodivers | 2018 Jul 19:e1800174 | 29874415 |
| Toxicity of flavor enhancers to the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). | Ecotoxicology | 2018 Jul | 29644544 |
| Tandem repeated expression of lunasin gene in Pichia pastoris and its anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. | J Biosci Bioeng | 2018 Jul | 29506820 |
| A novel evaluation of the effect of lanthanum exposure on plant populations. | Chemosphere | 2018 Jul | 29574391 |
| The Effect of Ferrous Nano-oxide Particles on Physiological Traits andNutritional Compounds of Soybean ( Glycine max L.) Seed. | An Acad Bras Cienc | 2018 Jan-Mar | 29466478 |
| Altered Serum Metabolite Profiling and Relevant Pathway Analysis in Rats Stimulated by Honeybee Venom: New Insight into Allergy to Honeybee Venom. | J Agric Food Chem | 2018 Jan 31 | 29322776 |
| Subsequent somatic axis and bone tissue metabolism responses to a low-zinc dietwith or without phytase inclusion in broiler chickens. | PLoS One | 2018 Jan 26 | 29373588 |
| Size-Dependent Affinity of Glycine and Its Short Oligomers to Pyrite Surface: AModel for Prebiotic Accumulation of Amino Acid Oligomers on a Mineral Surface. | Int J Mol Sci | 2018 Jan 25 | 29370126 |
| The interaction of soybean reticulon homology domain protein (GmRHP) with Soybeanmosaic virus encoded P3 contributes to the viral infection. | Biochem Biophys Res Commun | 2018 Jan 15 | 29229386 |
| Crustacean amphipods from marsh ponds: a nutritious feed resource with potential for application in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture. | PeerJ | 2018 Jan 12 | 29340233 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Activation requires binding of agonist to both types of subunits.
- Gene Name:
- GRIN2A
- Uniprot ID:
- Q12879
- Molecular Weight:
- 165281.215 Da
References
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [11752352 ]
- General Function:
- Transaminase activity
- Gene Name:
- AGXT
- Uniprot ID:
- P21549
- Molecular Weight:
- 43009.535 Da
References
- Ricoult C, Echeverria LO, Cliquet JB, Limami AM: Characterization of alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) multigene family and hypoxic response in young seedlings of the model legume Medicago truncatula. J Exp Bot. 2006;57(12):3079-89. Epub 2006 Aug 9. [16899523 ]
- General Function:
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Gene Name:
- ALAS1
- Uniprot ID:
- P13196
- Molecular Weight:
- 70580.325 Da
References
- Turbeville TD, Zhang J, Hunter GA, Ferreira GC: Histidine 282 in 5-aminolevulinate synthase affects substrate binding and catalysis. Biochemistry. 2007 May 22;46(20):5972-81. Epub 2007 May 1. [17469798 ]
- General Function:
- Nmda glutamate receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine.
- Gene Name:
- GRIN2C
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14957
- Molecular Weight:
- 134207.77 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
- General Function:
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Gene Name:
- GSS
- Uniprot ID:
- P48637
- Molecular Weight:
- 52384.325 Da
References
- Herrera K, Cahoon RE, Kumaran S, Jez J: Reaction mechanism of glutathione synthetase from Arabidopsis thaliana: site-directed mutagenesis of active site residues. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 8;282(23):17157-65. Epub 2007 Apr 22. [17452339 ]
- General Function:
- Protein dimerization activity
- Specific Function:
- Catalyzes the attachment of glycine to tRNA(Gly). Is also able produce diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a universal pleiotropic signaling molecule needed for cell regulation pathways, by direct condensation of 2 ATPs.
- Gene Name:
- GARS
- Uniprot ID:
- P41250
- Molecular Weight:
- 83164.83 Da
References
- Okamoto K, Kuno A, Hasegawa T: Recognition sites of glycine tRNA for glycyl-tRNA synthetase from hyperthermophilic archaeon, Aeropyrum pernix K1. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser (Oxf). 2005;(49):299-300. [17150752 ]
- General Function:
- Serine binding
- Specific Function:
- Interconversion of serine and glycine.
- Gene Name:
- SHMT1
- Uniprot ID:
- P34896
- Molecular Weight:
- 53082.18 Da
References
- Vatsyayan R, Roy U: Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of Leishmania donovani serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Protein Expr Purif. 2007 Apr;52(2):433-40. Epub 2006 Oct 26. [17142057 ]
- General Function:
- Neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function:
- Terminates the action of glycine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. May play a role in regulation of glycine levels in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission.
- Gene Name:
- SLC6A9
- Uniprot ID:
- P48067
- Molecular Weight:
- 78259.625 Da
References
- Wiles AL, Pearlman RJ, Rosvall M, Aubrey KR, Vandenberg RJ: N-Arachidonyl-glycine inhibits the glycine transporter, GLYT2a. J Neurochem. 2006 Nov;99(3):781-6. Epub 2006 Aug 8. [16899062 ]
- General Function:
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific Function:
- Can metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) via transamination to alpha-keto-delta-(NN-dimethylguanidino) valeric acid (DMGV). ADMA is a potent inhibitor of nitric-oxide (NO) synthase, and this activity provides mechanism through which the kidney regulates blood pressure.
- Gene Name:
- AGXT2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9BYV1
- Molecular Weight:
- 57155.905 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine n-methyltransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Catalyzes the methylation of glycine by using S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to form N-methylglycine (sarcosine) with the concomitant production of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). Possible crucial role in the regulation of tissue concentration of AdoMet and of metabolism of methionine.
- Gene Name:
- GNMT
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14749
- Molecular Weight:
- 32742.0 Da
References
- Soriano A, Castillo R, Christov C, Andres J, Moliner V, Tunon I: Catalysis in glycine N-methyltransferase: testing the electrostatic stabilization and compression hypothesis. Biochemistry. 2006 Dec 19;45(50):14917-25. [17154529 ]
- General Function:
- Lyase activity
- Specific Function:
- The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The P protein (GLDC) binds the alpha-amino group of glycine through its pyridoxal phosphate cofactor; CO(2) is released and the remaining methylamine moiety is then transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the H protein (GCSH).
- Gene Name:
- GLDC
- Uniprot ID:
- P23378
- Molecular Weight:
- 112728.805 Da
References
- Mukherjee M, Brown MT, McArthur AG, Johnson PJ: Proteins of the glycine decarboxylase complex in the hydrogenosome of Trichomonas vaginalis. Eukaryot Cell. 2006 Dec;5(12):2062-71. [17158739 ]
- General Function:
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function:
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name:
- GLRA2
- Uniprot ID:
- P23416
- Molecular Weight:
- 52001.585 Da
References
- Majumdar S, Heinze L, Haverkamp S, Ivanova E, Wassle H: Glycine receptors of A-type ganglion cells of the mouse retina. Vis Neurosci. 2007 Jul-Aug;24(4):471-87. Epub 2007 May 29. [17550639 ]
- General Function:
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific Function:
- Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Required to prevent uracil accumulation in mtDNA. Interconversion of serine and glycine. Associates with mitochondrial DNA.
- Gene Name:
- SHMT2
- Uniprot ID:
- P34897
- Molecular Weight:
- 55992.385 Da
References
- Vatsyayan R, Roy U: Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of Leishmania donovani serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Protein Expr Purif. 2007 Apr;52(2):433-40. Epub 2006 Oct 26. [17142057 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine n-acyltransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Acyltransferase which transfers an acyl group to the N-terminus of glutamine. Can use phenylacetyl-CoA as an acyl donor.
- Gene Name:
- GLYATL1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q969I3
- Molecular Weight:
- 35100.895 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine n-acyltransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine. Conjugates numerous substrates, such as arachidonoyl-CoA and saturated medium and long-chain acyl-CoAs ranging from chain-length C8:0-CoA to C18:0-CoA, to form a variety of N-acylglycines. Shows a preference for monounsaturated fatty acid oleoyl-CoA (C18:1-CoA) as an acyl donor. Does not exhibit any activity toward C22:6-CoA and chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA, nor toward serine or alanine.
- Gene Name:
- GLYATL2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q8WU03
- Molecular Weight:
- 34277.055 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine amidinotransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Catalyzes the biosynthesis of guanidinoacetate, the immediate precursor of creatine. Creatine plays a vital role in energy metabolism in muscle tissues. May play a role in embryonic and central nervous system development. May be involved in the response to heart failure by elevating local creatine synthesis.
- Gene Name:
- GATM
- Uniprot ID:
- P50440
- Molecular Weight:
- 48455.01 Da
References
- Wang L, Zhang Y, Shao M, Zhang H: Spatiotemporal expression of the creatine metabolism related genes agat, gamt and ct1 during zebrafish embryogenesis. Int J Dev Biol. 2007;51(3):247-53. [17486546 ]
- General Function:
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function:
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name:
- GLRA1
- Uniprot ID:
- P23415
- Molecular Weight:
- 52623.35 Da
References
- Heinze L, Harvey RJ, Haverkamp S, Wassle H: Diversity of glycine receptors in the mouse retina: localization of the alpha4 subunit. J Comp Neurol. 2007 Feb 1;500(4):693-707. [17154252 ]
- General Function:
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function:
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name:
- GLRA3
- Uniprot ID:
- O75311
- Molecular Weight:
- 53799.775 Da
References
- Heinze L, Harvey RJ, Haverkamp S, Wassle H: Diversity of glycine receptors in the mouse retina: localization of the alpha4 subunit. J Comp Neurol. 2007 Feb 1;500(4):693-707. [17154252 ]
- General Function:
- G-protein coupled receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for N-arachidonyl glycine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. May contribute to regulation of the immune system.
- Gene Name:
- GPR18
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14330
- Molecular Weight:
- 38133.27 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
- General Function:
- Sarcosine oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Metabolizes sarcosine, L-pipecolic acid and L-proline.
- Gene Name:
- PIPOX
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9P0Z9
- Molecular Weight:
- 44065.515 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
- General Function:
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Gene Name:
- GCAT
- Uniprot ID:
- O75600
- Molecular Weight:
- 45284.6 Da
References
- Bashir Q, Rashid N, Akhtar M: Mechanism and substrate stereochemistry of 2-amino-3-oxobutyrate CoA ligase: implications for 5-aminolevulinate synthase and related enzymes. Chem Commun (Camb). 2006 Dec 28;(48):5065-7. Epub 2006 Oct 13. [17146529 ]
- General Function:
- Nmda glutamate receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine.
- Gene Name:
- GRIN3B
- Uniprot ID:
- O60391
- Molecular Weight:
- 112990.98 Da
References
- Smothers CT, Woodward JJ: Pharmacological characterization of glycine-activated currents in HEK 293 cells expressing N-methyl-D-aspartate NR1 and NR3 subunits. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Aug;322(2):739-48. Epub 2007 May 14. [17502428 ]
- General Function:
- Aminomethyltransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The H protein (GCSH) shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein (GLDC) to the T protein (GCST).
- Gene Name:
- GCSH
- Uniprot ID:
- P23434
- Molecular Weight:
- 18884.37 Da
References
- Kanno J, Hutchin T, Kamada F, Narisawa A, Aoki Y, Matsubara Y, Kure S: Genomic deletion within GLDC is a major cause of non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia. J Med Genet. 2007 Mar;44(3):e69. [17361008 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine binding
- Specific Function:
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name:
- GLRB
- Uniprot ID:
- P48167
- Molecular Weight:
- 56121.62 Da
References
- Eulenburg V, Becker K, Gomeza J, Schmitt B, Becker CM, Betz H: Mutations within the human GLYT2 (SLC6A5) gene associated with hyperekplexia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 22;348(2):400-5. Epub 2006 Jul 26. [16884688 ]
- General Function:
- Neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function:
- Terminates the action of glycine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. May be responsible for the termination of neurotransmission at strychnine-sensitive glycinergic synapses.
- Gene Name:
- SLC6A5
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9Y345
- Molecular Weight:
- 87433.13 Da
References
- Eulenburg V, Becker K, Gomeza J, Schmitt B, Becker CM, Betz H: Mutations within the human GLYT2 (SLC6A5) gene associated with hyperekplexia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 22;348(2):400-5. Epub 2006 Jul 26. [16884688 ]
- General Function:
- L-proline transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function:
- Neutral amino acid/proton symporter. Has a pH-dependent electrogenic transport activity for small amino acids such as glycine, alanine and proline. Besides small apolar L-amino acids, it also recognize their D-enantiomers and selected amino acid derivatives such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (By similarity).
- Gene Name:
- SLC36A1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q7Z2H8
- Molecular Weight:
- 53075.045 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function:
- Involved in the uptake of GABA and glycine into the synaptic vesicles.
- Gene Name:
- SLC32A1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9H598
- Molecular Weight:
- 57414.58 Da
References
- Fujii M, Arata A, Kanbara-Kume N, Saito K, Yanagawa Y, Obata K: Respiratory activity in brainstem of fetal mice lacking glutamate decarboxylase 65/67 and vesicular GABA transporter. Neuroscience. 2007 May 25;146(3):1044-52. Epub 2007 Apr 5. [17418495 ]
- General Function:
- Very long chain acyl-coa hydrolase activity
- Specific Function:
- Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile acids, or both. The conjugation increases the detergent properties of bile acids in the intestine, which facilitates lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In turn, bile acids are deconjugated by bacteria in the intestine and are recycled back to the liver for reconjugation (secondary bile acids). May also act as an acyl-CoA thioesterase that regulates intracellular levels of free fatty acids. In vitro, catalyzes the hydrolysis of long- and very long-chain saturated acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), and conjugates glycine to these acyl-CoAs.
- Gene Name:
- BAAT
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14032
- Molecular Weight:
- 46298.865 Da
References
- Styles NA, Falany JL, Barnes S, Falany CN: Quantification and regulation of the subcellular distribution of bile acid coenzyme A:amino acid N-acyltransferase activity in rat liver. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1305-15. Epub 2007 Mar 22. [17379925 ]
- General Function:
- Transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
- Specific Function:
- Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers an acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine and glutamine, although much less efficiently. Can conjugate numerous substrates to form a variety of N-acylglycines, with a preference for benzoyl-CoA over phenylacetyl-CoA as acyl donors. Thereby detoxify xenobiotics, such as benzoic acid or salicylic acid, and endogenous organic acids, such as isovaleric acid.
- Gene Name:
- GLYAT
- Uniprot ID:
- Q6IB77
- Molecular Weight:
- 33923.995 Da
References
- Narasipura SD, Ren P, Dyavaiah M, Auger I, Chaturvedi V, Chaturvedi S: An efficient method for homologous gene reconstitution in Cryptococcus gattii using URA5 auxotrophic marker. Mycopathologia. 2006 Dec;162(6):401-9. [17146584 ]