Captafol
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Captafol(F05393) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Captafol belongs to the family of Isoindoles and Derivatives. These are polycyclic compounds containing an isoindole moiety, which is structurally characterized by a cyclohexadiene fused to a pyrrole ring. It is a nonsystemic foliar agricultural fungicide, especially for potatoes. |
| FRCD ID | F05393 |
| CAS Number | 2425-06-1 |
| PubChem CID | 17038 |
| Formula | C10H9Cl4NO2S |
| IUPAC Name | 2-(1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylsulfanyl)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydroisoindole-1,3-dione |
| InChI Key | JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C10H9Cl4NO2S/c11-9(12)10(13,14)18-15-7(16)5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(15)17/h1-2,5-6,9H,3-4H2 |
| Canonical SMILES | C1C=CCC2C1C(=O)N(C2=O)SC(C(Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl |
| Isomeric SMILES | C1C=CCC2C1C(=O)N(C2=O)SC(C(Cl)Cl)(Cl)Cl |
| Synonyms |
Sanspor
Captafol
Merpafol
Folcid
Arborseal
DIFOLATAN
Difosan
Terrazol
Foltaf
Proxel EF
|
| Classifies |
Pesticide
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
| Class | Isoindoles and derivatives |
| Subclass | Isoindolines |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Isoindolones |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Isoindolone - Isoindole - Pyrrolidone - 2-pyrrolidone - Dicarboximide - Pyrrolidine - Lactam - Carboxylic acid derivative - Azacycle - Sulfenyl compound - Organosulfur compound - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Organochloride - Organohalogen compound - Organic oxide - Organopnictogen compound - Organic oxygen compound - Organic nitrogen compound - Carbonyl group - Hydrocarbon derivative - Alkyl chloride - Alkyl halide - Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isoindolones. These are aromatic polycyclic compounds that an isoindole bearing a ketone. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 349.047 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 3 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 3 |
| Complexity | 387 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 346.911 |
| Exact Mass | 348.908 |
| XLogP | 3.8 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 18 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 2 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9941 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 1.0000 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2- | 0.5086 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8732 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8678 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9255 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.8491 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.4642 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7276 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8058 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.5167 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.5900 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.6321 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8665 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.5538 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.7960 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.6904 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9708 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9429 | |
| AMES Toxicity | AMES toxic | 0.9107 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.8770 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.9924 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.9668 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.5463 |
| Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | 0.9939 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | III | 0.7940 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Warning | 0.5243 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -5.3375 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 1.4731 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 1.9636 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 1.4045 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | 0.6731 | pIGC50, ug/L |
MRLs
| Food | Product Code | Country | MRLs | Application Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrus fruits | 0110000 | European Union | 0.02* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Grapefruits (Natsudaidais, Shaddocks/pomelos, Sweeties/oroblancos, Tangelolos, Tangelos (except minneolas)/Ugli®, Other hybrids of Citrus paradisi, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110010 | European Union | 0.02* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Oranges (Bergamots, Bitter oranges/sour oranges, Blood oranges, Cara caras, Chinottos, Trifoliate oranges, Other hybrids of Citrus sinensis, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110020 | European Union | 0.02* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Lemons (Buddha's hands/Buddha's fingers, Citrons,) | 0110030 | European Union | 0.02* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Limes (Indian sweet limes/Palestine sweet limes, Kaffir limes, Sweet limes/mosambis, Tahiti limes, Limequats,) | 0110040 | European Union | 0.02* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Mandarins (Calamondins, Clementines, Cleopatra mandarins, Minneolas, Satsumas/clausellinas, Tangerines/dancy mandarins, Tangors, Other hybrids of Citrus reticulata, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110050 | European Union | 0.02* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Others (2) | 0110990 | European Union | 0.02* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Tree nuts | 0120000 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Almonds (Apricot kernels, Bitter almonds, Canarium nuts/galip nuts, Pili nuts, Okari nuts,) | 0120010 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Brazil nuts | 0120020 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Cashew nuts | 0120030 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Chestnuts | 0120040 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Coconuts (Areca nuts/betel nuts,) | 0120050 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Hazelnuts/cobnuts (Acorns, Filberts,) | 0120060 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Macadamias | 0120070 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Pecans (Hickory nuts,) | 0120080 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Pine nut kernels (Pine nut kernels from other species than Pinus pinea, Pine nut kernels from other species than Pinus pinea, Pine nut kernels from other species than Pinus pinea, Pine nut kernels ... | 0120090 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Pistachios | 0120100 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Walnuts | 0120110 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 | |
| Others (2) | 0120990 | European Union | 0.05* | 26/04/2013 |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis of thermally labile pesticides by on-column injection gas chromatographyin fruit and vegetables. | Anal Bioanal Chem | 2018 Aug 13 | 30105623 |
| Effects of temperature and purity of magnesium sulfate during extraction ofpesticide residues using the QuEChERS method. | J AOAC Int | 2012 Sep-Oct | 23175960 |
| A multi-residue method for pesticides analysis in green coffee beans using gaschromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry in selective ionmonitoring mode. | J Chromatogr A | 2012 Aug 17 | 22771261 |
| Qualitative aspects in the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits andvegetables using fast, low-pressure gas chromatography-time-of-flight massspectrometry. | J Agric Food Chem | 2011 Jul 27 | 21452898 |
| Optimization of detection conditions and single-laboratory validation of amultiresidue method for the determination of 135 pesticides and 25 organicpollutants in grapes and wine by gas chromatography time-of-flight massspectrometry. | J AOAC Int | 2011 Jan-Feb | 21391504 |
| Multiresidue analysis of 50 pesticides in grape, pomegranate, and mango by gaschromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry. | J Agric Food Chem | 2010 Feb 10 | 20020699 |
| Evaluation of a multiresidue method for pesticides in cereals using supercriticalfluid extraction and gas chromatographic detection. | J Environ Sci Health B | 2009 Mar | 19280472 |
| Large volume cold on-column injection for gas chromatography-negative chemicalionization-mass spectrometry analysis of selected pesticides in air samples. | J Agric Food Chem | 2007 Feb 21 | 17256963 |
| Determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides in fruit and vegetablesusing solid phase extraction clean-up cartridges. | J Chromatogr A | 2006 Sep 15 | 16857206 |
| Evaluation of supercritical fluid extraction/aminopropyl solid-phase "in-line"cleanup for analysis of pesticide residues in rice. | J Agric Food Chem | 2005 Nov 30 | 16302750 |
| Rapid determination of fungicides in fruit juices by micellar electrokineticchromatography: use of organic modifiers to enhance selectivity and on-columnhigh-salt stacking to improve sensitivity. | Electrophoresis | 2000 Nov | 11271480 |
| [Studies on simultaneous determination of 17 organochlorine and 9 pyrethroidpesticides of agricultural products]. | Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyusho Hokoku | 1999 | 10939848 |
| Development of enzyme immunoassay for captan and its degradation producttetrahydrophthalimide in foods. | J AOAC Int | 1993 Mar-Apr | 8471862 |
| Application of solid-phase partition cartridges in the determination of fungicideresidues in vegetable samples. | J Chromatogr | 1993 Jul 23 | 8360304 |
| Gas chromatographic determination of captan, folpet, and captafol residues intomatoes, cucumbers, and apples using a wide-bore capillary column:interlaboratory study. | J Assoc Off Anal Chem | 1991 Sep-Oct | 1783591 |
| Colorimetric method for the determination of captafol (difolatan) in commercialformulations and residues on grains and apples. | Analyst | 1991 Aug | 1789467 |
| Effect of pesticides on the growth of aquatic hyphomycetes. | Toxicol Lett | 1989 Sep | 2781600 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID:
- P20813
- Molecular Weight:
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol).
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID:
- P10632
- Molecular Weight:
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Activated by the antibiotic rifampicin and various plant metabolites, such as hyperforin, guggulipid, colupulone, and isoflavones. Response to specific ligands is species-specific. Activated by naturally occurring steroids, such as pregnenolone and progesterone. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes.
- Gene Name:
- NR1I2
- Uniprot ID:
- O75469
- Molecular Weight:
- 49761.245 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Nociceptin receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for the endogenous neuropeptide nociceptin. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Signaling via G proteins mediates inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity and calcium channel activity. Arrestins modulate signaling via G proteins and mediate the activation of alternative signaling pathways that lead to the activation of MAP kinases. Plays a role in modulating nociception and the perception of pain. Plays a role in the regulation of locomotor activity by the neuropeptide nociceptin.
- Gene Name:
- OPRL1
- Uniprot ID:
- P41146
- Molecular Weight:
- 40692.775 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- Gene Name:
- CCL2
- Uniprot ID:
- P13500
- Molecular Weight:
- 11024.87 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Receptor binding
- Specific Function:
- Chemotactic for monocytes and T-lymphocytes. Binds to CXCR3.
- Gene Name:
- CXCL10
- Uniprot ID:
- P02778
- Molecular Weight:
- 10880.915 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Virus receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 (integrin alpha-L/beta-2). During leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, ICAM1 engagement promotes the assembly of endothelial apical cups through ARHGEF26/SGEF and RHOG activation.(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for major receptor group rhinovirus A-B capsid proteins (PubMed:1968231, PubMed:2538243). Acts as a receptor for Coxsackievirus A21 capsid proteins (PubMed:11160747, PubMed:16004874, PubMed:9539703). Upon Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/HHV-8 infection, is degraded by viral E3 ubiquitin ligase MIR2, presumably to prevent lysis of infected cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and NK cell (PubMed:11413168).
- Gene Name:
- ICAM1
- Uniprot ID:
- P05362
- Molecular Weight:
- 57824.785 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Protease binding
- Specific Function:
- Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Known to act on MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-13, MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-16 and MMP-19.
- Gene Name:
- TIMP2
- Uniprot ID:
- P16035
- Molecular Weight:
- 24398.995 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Acts as a receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator. Plays a role in localizing and promoting plasmin formation. Mediates the proteolysis-independent signal transduction activation effects of U-PA. It is subject to negative-feedback regulation by U-PA which cleaves it into an inactive form.
- Gene Name:
- PLAUR
- Uniprot ID:
- Q03405
- Molecular Weight:
- 36977.62 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Atp binding
- Specific Function:
- Involved in DNA damage response. Involved in a RAD9A-related damage checkpoint, a pathway that is important in determining whether DNA damage is compatible with cell survival or whether it requires cell elimination by apoptosis. Modulates the RAD9A interaction with BCL2 and thereby induces DNA damages-induced apoptosis.
- Gene Name:
- ATAD5
- Uniprot ID:
- Q96QE3
- Molecular Weight:
- 207568.185 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.
- Gene Name:
- AR
- Uniprot ID:
- P10275
- Molecular Weight:
- 98987.9 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Transferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Synthesizes the second messagers cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the former a second messenger for glucose-induced insulin secretion. Also has cADPr hydrolase activity. Also moonlights as a receptor in cells of the immune system.
- Gene Name:
- CD38
- Uniprot ID:
- P28907
- Molecular Weight:
- 34328.145 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Cell-surface glycoprotein having a role in immunoadhesion. Mediates in the adhesion of blood neutrophils in cytokine-activated endothelium through interaction with PSGL1/SELPLG. May have a role in capillary morphogenesis.
- Gene Name:
- SELE
- Uniprot ID:
- P16581
- Molecular Weight:
- 66654.575 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Interleukin-8 receptor binding
- Specific Function:
- IL-8 is a chemotactic factor that attracts neutrophils, basophils, and T-cells, but not monocytes. It is also involved in neutrophil activation. It is released from several cell types in response to an inflammatory stimulus. IL-8(6-77) has a 5-10-fold higher activity on neutrophil activation, IL-8(5-77) has increased activity on neutrophil activation and IL-8(7-77) has a higher affinity to receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 as compared to IL-8(1-77), respectively.
- Gene Name:
- CXCL8
- Uniprot ID:
- P10145
- Molecular Weight:
- 11097.98 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Prostaglandin e receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. The subsequent raise in intracellular cAMP is responsible for the relaxing effect of this receptor on smooth muscle.
- Gene Name:
- PTGER2
- Uniprot ID:
- P43116
- Molecular Weight:
- 39759.945 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
- Specific Function:
- Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T-cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), which dephosphorylates the key 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective (PubMed:23396208). Key mediator of cell death in the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils in combination with DIABLO/SMAC mimetic in the RT4v6 bladder cancer cell line (PubMed:22517918).The TNF intracellular domain (ICD) form induces IL12 production in dendritic cells.
- Gene Name:
- TNF
- Uniprot ID:
- P01375
- Molecular Weight:
- 25644.15 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Primary amine oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with integrin alpha-4/beta-1 (ITGA4/ITGB1) on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/ITGA4/ITGB1 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation.
- Gene Name:
- VCAM1
- Uniprot ID:
- P19320
- Molecular Weight:
- 81275.43 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Histone binding
- Specific Function:
- Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation.
- Gene Name:
- H2AFX
- Uniprot ID:
- P16104
- Molecular Weight:
- 15144.45 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- May play an essential role in local proteolysis of the extracellular matrix and in leukocyte migration. Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves KiSS1 at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments. Degrades fibronectin but not laminin or Pz-peptide.
- Gene Name:
- MMP9
- Uniprot ID:
- P14780
- Molecular Weight:
- 78457.51 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Peptide antigen binding
- Specific Function:
- Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
- Gene Name:
- HLA-DRA
- Uniprot ID:
- P01903
- Molecular Weight:
- 28606.685 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytokine that plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. Promotes the release of proinflammatory chemokines, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. Plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone development. Required for normal male and female fertility. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates formation of membrane ruffles, cell adhesion and cell migration. Plays a role in lipoprotein clearance.
- Gene Name:
- CSF1
- Uniprot ID:
- P09603
- Molecular Weight:
- 60178.885 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]