Fenarimol
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Fenarimol(F05416) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Fenarimol, sold under the tradenames Bloc, Rimidin and Rubigan, is a fungicide which acts against rusts, blackspot and mildew fungi. It is used on ornamental plants, trees, lawns, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, cucumbers and melons. It is mainly used to control powdery mildew. It works by inhibiting the fungus's biosynthesis of important steroid molecules. |
| FRCD ID | F05416 |
| CAS Number | 60168-88-9 |
| PubChem CID | 43226 |
| Formula | C17H12Cl2N2O |
| IUPAC Name | (2-chlorophenyl)-(4-chlorophenyl)-pyrimidin-5-ylmethanol |
| InChI Key | NHOWDZOIZKMVAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C17H12Cl2N2O/c18-14-7-5-12(6-8-14)17(22,13-9-20-11-21-10-13)15-3-1-2-4-16(15)19/h1-11,22H |
| Canonical SMILES | C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)(C3=CN=CN=C3)O)Cl |
| Isomeric SMILES | C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)Cl)(C3=CN=CN=C3)O)Cl |
| Wikipedia | Fenarimol |
| Synonyms |
FENARIMOL
60168-88-9
Rimidin
Rubigan
BLOC
Compound 56722
Caswell No. 207AA
EL 222
(2-Chlorophenyl)(4-chlorophenyl)(pyrimidin-5-yl)methanol
Fenarimol [ANSI:BSI:ISO]
|
| Classifies |
Pesticide
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Benzenoids |
| Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
| Subclass | Diphenylmethanes |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Diphenylmethanes |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Diphenylmethane - Chlorobenzene - Halobenzene - Aryl chloride - Aryl halide - Pyrimidine - Heteroaromatic compound - Tertiary alcohol - Azacycle - Organoheterocyclic compound - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Organochloride - Organohalogen compound - Alcohol - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organopnictogen compound - Organic oxygen compound - Organic nitrogen compound - Aromatic alcohol - Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diphenylmethanes. These are compounds containing a diphenylmethane moiety, which consists of a methane wherein two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two phenyl groups. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 331.196 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 3 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 3 |
| Complexity | 357 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 330.033 |
| Exact Mass | 330.033 |
| XLogP | 3.6 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 22 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 1 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9773 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.9439 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2+ | 0.6838 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7479 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8997 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9613 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.7791 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.9108 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7764 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8750 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6764 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.7639 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.5567 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8819 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.5805 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.7381 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.8162 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9416 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.8566 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.9057 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.8690 |
| Fish Toxicity | Low FHMT | 0.5255 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.8068 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | Low HBT | 0.7575 |
| Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | 0.9846 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | III | 0.7945 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.6985 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -4.3176 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 1.7742 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 2.1530 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 1.1944 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | 1.4795 | pIGC50, ug/L |
MRLs
| Food | Product Code | Country | MRLs | Application Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Others (2) | 0161990 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Citrus fruits | 0110000 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Grapefruits (Natsudaidais, Shaddocks/pomelos, Sweeties/oroblancos, Tangelolos, Tangelos (except minneolas)/Ugli®, Other hybrids of Citrus paradisi, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110010 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Oranges (Bergamots, Bitter oranges/sour oranges, Blood oranges, Cara caras, Chinottos, Trifoliate oranges, Other hybrids of Citrus sinensis, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110020 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Lemons (Buddha's hands/Buddha's fingers, Citrons,) | 0110030 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Limes (Indian sweet limes/Palestine sweet limes, Kaffir limes, Sweet limes/mosambis, Tahiti limes, Limequats,) | 0110040 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Watermelons | 0233030 | European Union | 0.05 | 17/10/2014 | |
| Mandarins (Calamondins, Clementines, Cleopatra mandarins, Minneolas, Satsumas/clausellinas, Tangerines/dancy mandarins, Tangors, Other hybrids of Citrus reticulata, not elsewhere mentioned,) | 0110050 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Others (2) | 0110990 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Tree nuts | 0120000 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Almonds (Apricot kernels, Bitter almonds, Canarium nuts/galip nuts, Pili nuts, Okari nuts,) | 0120010 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Brazil nuts | 0120020 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Cashew nuts | 0120030 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Chestnuts | 0120040 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Coconuts (Areca nuts/betel nuts,) | 0120050 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Hazelnuts/cobnuts (Acorns, Filberts,) | 0120060 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Pistachios | 0120100 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Walnuts | 0120110 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Others (2) | 0120990 | European Union | 0.02* | 17/10/2014 | |
| Pome fruits | 0130000 | European Union | 0.1 | 17/10/2014 |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Development of fast, efficient and ecological method employing vortex-assisteddispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with fast gaschromatography-mass spectrometry for pesticide residues analysis inalcohol-content samples. | J Chromatogr A | 2017 Jul 14 | 28545729 |
| Selective solid-phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymer as a sorbentfor the analysis of fenarimol in food samples. | Food Chem | 2016 May 15 | 26776046 |
| The ability of the YAS and AR CALUX assays to detect the additive effects ofanti-androgenic fungicide mixtures. | Toxicol Lett | 2016 Jan 22 | 26602169 |
| Fenarimol, a Pyrimidine-Type Fungicide, Inhibits Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis. | Int J Mol Sci | 2015 Jul 29 | 26230686 |
| Planar solid phase extraction clean-up for pesticide residue analysis in tea byliquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | J Chromatogr A | 2012 Oct 19 | 22981507 |
| Residues behavior of some fungicides applied on two greenhouse tomato varietiesdifferent in shape and weight. | J Environ Sci Health B | 2012 | 22424061 |
| Determination of pesticide residues in honey by single-drop microextraction andgas chromatography. | J AOAC Int | 2011 Mar-Apr | 21563700 |
| Reducing the impact of pesticides on biological control in Australian vineyards: pesticide mortality and fecundity effects on an indicator species, the predatory mite Euseius victoriensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). | J Econ Entomol | 2010 Dec | 21309226 |
| The utility of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisationtime-of-flight mass spectrometry for multi-residue determination of pesticides instrawberry. | Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom | 2008 Sep | 18677705 |
| Pesticide analysis in tomatoes by solid-phase microextraction and micellarelectrokinetic chromatography. | J Chromatogr A | 2008 Mar 21 | 18280487 |
| Perturbation of murine liver cyp-superfamily of isoforms by differentcombinations of pesticide mixtures. | Food Chem Toxicol | 2008 Jan | 17686559 |
| Influence of fungicide residues on the primary fermentation of young lager beer. | J Agric Food Chem | 2007 Feb 21 | 17263547 |
| Reproductive effects of the endocrine disruptor fenarimol on a Baltic amphipodMonoporeia affinis. | Environ Toxicol Chem | 2006 Apr | 16629152 |
| Prenatal and perinatal fenarimol-induced genotoxicity in leukocytes of in vivotreated rats. | Mutat Res | 2005 May 2 | 15866470 |
| Antiandrogenic effects in short-term in vivo studies of the fungicide fenarimol. | Toxicology | 2005 Feb 1 | 15590119 |
| Fate of pesticides during the winemaking process in relation to malolacticfermentation. | J Agric Food Chem | 2005 Apr 20 | 15826054 |
| Gas chromatographic evaluation of pesticide residue contents in nectarines after non-toxic washing treatments. | J Chromatogr A | 2004 Oct 1 | 15508311 |
| Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of thefungicide fenarimol. | J Agric Food Chem | 2004 Dec 1 | 15563196 |
| Screening of selected pesticides for inhibition of CYP19 aromatase activity invitro. | Toxicol In Vitro | 2000 Jun | 10806373 |
| Evolution of chlorpyrifos, fenarimol, metalaxyl, penconazole, and vinclozolin in red wines elaborated by carbonic maceration of Monastrell grapes. | J Agric Food Chem | 2000 Aug | 10956146 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Essential for MTA1-mediated transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 and BCAS3. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1.
- Gene Name:
- ESR1
- Uniprot ID:
- P03372
- Molecular Weight:
- 66215.45 Da
References
- Lemaire G, Mnif W, Mauvais P, Balaguer P, Rahmani R: Activation of alpha- and beta-estrogen receptors by persistent pesticides in reporter cell lines. Life Sci. 2006 Aug 15;79(12):1160-9. Epub 2006 Mar 27. [16626760 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Activated by the antibiotic rifampicin and various plant metabolites, such as hyperforin, guggulipid, colupulone, and isoflavones. Response to specific ligands is species-specific. Activated by naturally occurring steroids, such as pregnenolone and progesterone. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes.
- Gene Name:
- NR1I2
- Uniprot ID:
- O75469
- Molecular Weight:
- 49761.245 Da
References
- Kojima H, Sata F, Takeuchi S, Sueyoshi T, Nagai T: Comparative study of human and mouse pregnane X receptor agonistic activity in 200 pesticides using in vitro reporter gene assays. Toxicology. 2011 Feb 27;280(3):77-87. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.11.008. Epub 2010 Nov 27. [21115097 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.
- Gene Name:
- AR
- Uniprot ID:
- P10275
- Molecular Weight:
- 98987.9 Da
References
- Okubo T, Yokoyama Y, Kano K, Soya Y, Kano I: Estimation of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of selected pesticides by MCF-7 cell proliferation assay. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2004 May;46(4):445-53. [15253041 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID:
- P33261
- Molecular Weight:
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID:
- P20813
- Molecular Weight:
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- This enzyme metabolizes arachidonic acid predominantly via a NADPH-dependent olefin epoxidation to all four regioisomeric cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. One of the predominant enzymes responsible for the epoxidation of endogenous cardiac arachidonic acid pools.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2J2
- Uniprot ID:
- P51589
- Molecular Weight:
- 57610.165 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID:
- P20815
- Molecular Weight:
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Transferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Synthesizes the second messagers cyclic ADP-ribose and nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the former a second messenger for glucose-induced insulin secretion. Also has cADPr hydrolase activity. Also moonlights as a receptor in cells of the immune system.
- Gene Name:
- CD38
- Uniprot ID:
- P28907
- Molecular Weight:
- 34328.145 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID:
- P11712
- Molecular Weight:
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- Uniprot ID:
- P05184
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Prostaglandin e receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. The subsequent raise in intracellular cAMP is responsible for the relaxing effect of this receptor on smooth muscle.
- Gene Name:
- PTGER2
- Uniprot ID:
- P43116
- Molecular Weight:
- 39759.945 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C18
- Uniprot ID:
- P33260
- Molecular Weight:
- 55710.075 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol).
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID:
- P10632
- Molecular Weight:
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Oxygen binding
- Specific Function:
- Catalyzes the formation of aromatic C18 estrogens from C19 androgens.
- Gene Name:
- CYP19A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P11511
- Molecular Weight:
- 57882.48 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. It has a high affinity for tricyclic psychotropic drugs (By similarity). Controls pyramidal neurons migration during corticogenesis, through the regulation of CDK5 activity (By similarity). Is an activator of TOR signaling (PubMed:23027611).
- Gene Name:
- HTR6
- Uniprot ID:
- P50406
- Molecular Weight:
- 46953.625 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor for bile acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid. Represses the transcription of the cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) through the induction of NR0B2 or FGF19 expression, via two distinct mechanisms. Activates the intestinal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP). Activates the transcription of bile salt export pump ABCB11 by directly recruiting histone methyltransferase CARM1 to this locus.
- Gene Name:
- NR1H4
- Uniprot ID:
- Q96RI1
- Molecular Weight:
- 55913.915 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Transcriptional activator activity, rna polymerase ii distal enhancer sequence-specific binding
- Specific Function:
- Transcription activator that binds to antioxidant response (ARE) elements in the promoter regions of target genes. Important for the coordinated up-regulation of genes in response to oxidative stress. May be involved in the transcriptional activation of genes of the beta-globin cluster by mediating enhancer activity of hypersensitive site 2 of the beta-globin locus control region.
- Gene Name:
- NFE2L2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q16236
- Molecular Weight:
- 67825.9 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Transcriptional activator activity, rna polymerase ii transcription factor binding
- Specific Function:
- Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Promotes activity of NR5A1 when phosphorylated by HIPK3 leading to increased steroidogenic gene expression upon cAMP signaling pathway stimulation.
- Gene Name:
- JUN
- Uniprot ID:
- P05412
- Molecular Weight:
- 35675.32 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
- Specific Function:
- Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
- Gene Name:
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID:
- P08183
- Molecular Weight:
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide (PubMed:11159812). Catalyzes 4-beta-hydroxylation of cholesterol. May catalyze 25-hydroxylation of cholesterol in vitro (PubMed:21576599).
- Gene Name:
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID:
- P08684
- Molecular Weight:
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Transcriptional activator activity, rna polymerase ii core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear phosphoprotein which forms a tight but non-covalently linked complex with the JUN/AP-1 transcription factor. In the heterodimer, FOS and JUN/AP-1 basic regions each seems to interact with symmetrical DNA half sites. On TGF-beta activation, forms a multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP1/SMAD-binding site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated signaling. Has a critical function in regulating the development of cells destined to form and maintain the skeleton. It is thought to have an important role in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation. In growing cells, activates phospholipid synthesis, possibly by activating CDS1 and PI4K2A. This activity requires Tyr-dephosphorylation and association with the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Gene Name:
- FOS
- Uniprot ID:
- P01100
- Molecular Weight:
- 40694.855 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P04798
- Molecular Weight:
- 58164.815 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth. Involved in chromatin remodeling. May play a negative role in adipogenesis through the regulation of lipolytic and antilipogenic genes expression.
- Gene Name:
- NR3C1
- Uniprot ID:
- P04150
- Molecular Weight:
- 85658.57 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]