Forchlorfenuron
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Basic Info
| Common Name | Forchlorfenuron(F05421) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Forchlorfenuron is a diphenylurea-derivative cytokinin growth stimulating substance used as plant growth regulator (PGR) to enhance fruit set, size and increase yields. It is absorbed by most plant parts and acts synergistically with natural auxins to promote cell division and growth. It has been approved for use on kiwi fruit and grapes in the USA, and it has been associated with exploding watermelons in China. Forchlorfenuronis is commonly used in horticulture to stimulate the growth of kiwi fruit and grapes. |
| FRCD ID | F05421 |
| CAS Number | 68157-60-8 |
| PubChem CID | 93379 |
| Formula | C12H10ClN3O |
| IUPAC Name | 1-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-phenylurea |
| InChI Key | GPXLRLUVLMHHIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C12H10ClN3O/c13-11-8-10(6-7-14-11)16-12(17)15-9-4-2-1-3-5-9/h1-8H,(H2,14,15,16,17) |
| Canonical SMILES | C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC(=O)NC2=CC(=NC=C2)Cl |
| Isomeric SMILES | C1=CC=C(C=C1)NC(=O)NC2=CC(=NC=C2)Cl |
| Synonyms |
Forchlorfenuron
68157-60-8
1-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-3-phenylurea
1-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea
CPPU
4PU30 cpd
N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea
Urea, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N'-phenyl-
UNII-K62IP7463J
4-CPPU
|
| Classifies |
Pesticide
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
| Class | Pyridines and derivatives |
| Subclass | Halopyridines |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | 2-halopyridines |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
| Substituents | 2-halopyridine - Aryl chloride - Aryl halide - Monocyclic benzene moiety - Benzenoid - Heteroaromatic compound - Isourea - Organic 1,3-dipolar compound - Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound - Carboximidic acid derivative - Azacycle - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Organochloride - Organohalogen compound - Organopnictogen compound - Organic oxygen compound - Organic nitrogen compound - Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2-halopyridines. These are organic compounds containing a pyridine ring substituted at the 2-position by a halogen atom. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 247.682 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 2 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 2 |
| Complexity | 256 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 247.051 |
| Exact Mass | 247.051 |
| XLogP | 2.4 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 17 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9663 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.9512 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2- | 0.5095 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7748 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9280 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9283 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.8157 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.4646 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7191 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8501 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6522 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.7040 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.7819 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.7963 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.5505 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.6475 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.7952 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9410 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.8527 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.9324 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.8625 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.6267 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.9694 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | Low HBT | 0.9001 |
| Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | 0.9968 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | III | 0.4459 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.6337 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -3.7388 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 1.3101 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 1.9817 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 1.6036 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | 0.6997 | pIGC50, ug/L |
MRLs
| Food | Product Code | Country | MRLs | Application Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avocado | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Papaya | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Kiwifruit | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Banana | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Other Spices | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Almond | Japan | 0.01ppm | |||
| Other Fruits | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Date | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Passion Fruit | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Mango | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Guava | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Pineapple | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Japanese Persimmon | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Grape | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Other Berries | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Huckleberry | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Cranberry | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Blueberry | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Blackberry | Japan | 0.1ppm | |||
| Raspberry | Japan | 0.1ppm |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified QuEChERS method for 24 plant growth regulators in grapes using LC-MS/MS. | J Food Drug Anal | 2018 Apr | 29567233 |
| A molecularly imprinted polymer synthesized using β-cyclodextrin as the monomerfor the efficient recognition of forchlorfenuron in fruits. | Anal Bioanal Chem | 2017 Aug | 28664336 |
| Comparison of extraction solvents and sorbents in the quick, easy, cheap,effective, rugged, and safe method for the determination of pesticidemultiresidue in fruits by ultra high performance liquid chromatography withtandem mass spectrometry. | J Sep Sci | 2015 Oct | 26312397 |
| [Determination of four plant growth regulator residues in amphisarcas by highperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry]. | Se Pu | 2013 Oct | 24432647 |
| [Determination of six plant growth regulator residues in strawberry by liquidchromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry]. | Se Pu | 2012 Oct | 23383488 |
| Analysis of forchlorfenuron in vegetables by LC/TOF-MS after extraction with the buffered QuEChERS method. | J Agric Food Chem | 2010 Mar 10 | 20141145 |
| Behaviour of forchlorfenuron residues in grape, soil and water. | Chemosphere | 2003 Feb | 12685734 |
Targets
- Gene Name:
- CCL2
- Uniprot ID:
- P13500
- Molecular Weight:
- 11024.87 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Cell-surface glycoprotein having a role in immunoadhesion. Mediates in the adhesion of blood neutrophils in cytokine-activated endothelium through interaction with PSGL1/SELPLG. May have a role in capillary morphogenesis.
- Gene Name:
- SELE
- Uniprot ID:
- P16581
- Molecular Weight:
- 66654.575 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Acts as a receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator. Plays a role in localizing and promoting plasmin formation. Mediates the proteolysis-independent signal transduction activation effects of U-PA. It is subject to negative-feedback regulation by U-PA which cleaves it into an inactive form.
- Gene Name:
- PLAUR
- Uniprot ID:
- Q03405
- Molecular Weight:
- 36977.62 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Primary amine oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with integrin alpha-4/beta-1 (ITGA4/ITGB1) on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/ITGA4/ITGB1 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation.
- Gene Name:
- VCAM1
- Uniprot ID:
- P19320
- Molecular Weight:
- 81275.43 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID:
- P11712
- Molecular Weight:
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Prostaglandin e receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G(s) proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. The subsequent raise in intracellular cAMP is responsible for the relaxing effect of this receptor on smooth muscle.
- Gene Name:
- PTGER2
- Uniprot ID:
- P43116
- Molecular Weight:
- 39759.945 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Thrombomodulin is a specific endothelial cell receptor that forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with thrombin. This complex is responsible for the conversion of protein C to the activated protein C (protein Ca). Once evolved, protein Ca scissions the activated cofactors of the coagulation mechanism, factor Va and factor VIIIa, and thereby reduces the amount of thrombin generated.
- Gene Name:
- THBD
- Uniprot ID:
- P07204
- Molecular Weight:
- 60328.72 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for TNFSF5/CD40LG. Transduces TRAF6- and MAP3K8-mediated signals that activate ERK in macrophages and B cells, leading to induction of immunoglobulin secretion.
- Gene Name:
- CD40
- Uniprot ID:
- P25942
- Molecular Weight:
- 30618.76 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Peptidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Responsible for the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Cleaves at the N-terminus of the A-beta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved soluble APP, and a corresponding cell-associated C-terminal fragment which is later released by gamma-secretase.
- Gene Name:
- BACE1
- Uniprot ID:
- P56817
- Molecular Weight:
- 55710.28 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID:
- P05177
- Molecular Weight:
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
- Gene Name:
- CYP1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P04798
- Molecular Weight:
- 58164.815 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Metal ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. This phosphodiesterase catalyzes the specific hydrolysis of cGMP to 5'-GMP (PubMed:9714779, PubMed:15489334). Specifically regulates nitric-oxide-generated cGMP (PubMed:15489334).
- Gene Name:
- PDE5A
- Uniprot ID:
- O76074
- Molecular Weight:
- 99984.14 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Serotonin receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins.
- Gene Name:
- HTR5A
- Uniprot ID:
- P47898
- Molecular Weight:
- 40254.69 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID:
- P20813
- Molecular Weight:
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid binding
- Specific Function:
- UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the IX-alpha-C8 and IX-alpha-C12 monoconjugates and diconjugate. Is also able to catalyze the glucuronidation of 17beta-estradiol, 17alpha-ethinylestradiol, 1-hydroxypyrene, 4-methylumbelliferone, 1-naphthol, paranitrophenol, scopoletin, and umbelliferone. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative regulator of isoform 1.
- Gene Name:
- UGT1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P22309
- Molecular Weight:
- 59590.91 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function:
- This enzyme metabolizes arachidonic acid predominantly via a NADPH-dependent olefin epoxidation to all four regioisomeric cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. One of the predominant enzymes responsible for the epoxidation of endogenous cardiac arachidonic acid pools.
- Gene Name:
- CYP2J2
- Uniprot ID:
- P51589
- Molecular Weight:
- 57610.165 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Ubiquitin protein ligase binding
- Specific Function:
- Receptor tyrosine kinase binding ligands of the EGF family and activating several signaling cascades to convert extracellular cues into appropriate cellular responses. Known ligands include EGF, TGFA/TGF-alpha, amphiregulin, epigen/EPGN, BTC/betacellulin, epiregulin/EREG and HBEGF/heparin-binding EGF. Ligand binding triggers receptor homo- and/or heterodimerization and autophosphorylation on key cytoplasmic residues. The phosphorylated receptor recruits adapter proteins like GRB2 which in turn activates complex downstream signaling cascades. Activates at least 4 major downstream signaling cascades including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, PI3 kinase-AKT, PLCgamma-PKC and STATs modules. May also activate the NF-kappa-B signaling cascade. Also directly phosphorylates other proteins like RGS16, activating its GTPase activity and probably coupling the EGF receptor signaling to the G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Also phosphorylates MUC1 and increases its interaction with SRC and CTNNB1/beta-catenin.Isoform 2 may act as an antagonist of EGF action.
- Gene Name:
- EGFR
- Uniprot ID:
- P00533
- Molecular Weight:
- 134276.185 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Transcription regulatory region dna binding
- Specific Function:
- Ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Binds to the XRE promoter region of genes it activates. Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Involved in cell-cycle regulation. Likely to play an important role in the development and maturation of many tissues. Regulates the circadian clock by inhibiting the basal and circadian expression of the core circadian component PER1. Inhibits PER1 by repressing the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer mediated transcriptional activation of PER1.
- Gene Name:
- AHR
- Uniprot ID:
- P35869
- Molecular Weight:
- 96146.705 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]