Alpha-Linolenic Acid
(right click,save link as to download,it is a temp file,please download as soon as possible, you can also use CTRL+S to save the whole html page)
Basic Info
| Common Name | Alpha-Linolenic Acid(F05524) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is a component of many common vegetable oils and is important to human nutrition. |
| FRCD ID | F05524 |
| CAS Number | 463-40-1 |
| PubChem CID | 5280934 |
| Formula | C18H30O2 |
| IUPAC Name | (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid |
| InChI Key | DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C18H30O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h3-4,6-7,9-10H,2,5,8,11-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)/b4-3-,7-6-,10-9- |
| Canonical SMILES | CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O |
| Isomeric SMILES | CC/C=C\C/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCCC(=O)O |
| Wikipedia | Alpha-Linolenic Acid |
| Synonyms |
9-cis,12-cis,15-cis-Octadecatrienoic acid
linolenic acid
alpha-Linolenic acid
463-40-1
linolenate
(9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid
a-Linolenic acid
cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
all-cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
alpha-Linolenate
|
| Classifies |
Animal Toxin
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
| Class | Fatty Acyls |
| Subclass | Lineolic acids and derivatives |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Lineolic acids and derivatives |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Octadecanoid - Long-chain fatty acid - Fatty acid - Unsaturated fatty acid - Straight chain fatty acid - Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives - Carboxylic acid - Carboxylic acid derivative - Organic oxygen compound - Organic oxide - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organooxygen compound - Carbonyl group - Aliphatic acyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as lineolic acids and derivatives. These are derivatives of lineolic acid. Lineolic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 18 carbon long fatty acid, with two CC double bonds at the 9- and 12-positions. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 278.436 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 2 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 13 |
| Complexity | 301 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 278.225 |
| Exact Mass | 278.225 |
| XLogP | 5.9 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 20 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 3 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9314 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.9896 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2+ | 0.7735 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6766 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9499 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9025 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.9311 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Plasma membrane | 0.5044 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7735 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.9081 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6884 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.6915 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8798 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9631 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9638 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9465 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.9426 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.8818 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9315 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.9132 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.6502 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.8622 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.9969 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.7333 |
| Biodegradation | Ready biodegradable | 0.7808 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | IV | 0.6387 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.6373 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -3.0676 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 1.3364 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 1.4499 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 2.3406 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | 0.1648 | pIGC50, ug/L |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biofortification of safflower: an oil seed crop engineered for ALA-targeting better sustainability and plant based omega-3 fatty acids. | Transgenic Res | 2018 May 11 | 29752697 |
| Insight into Genes Regulating Postharvest Aflatoxin Contamination of Tetraploid Peanut from Transcriptional Profiling. | Genetics | 2018 May | 29545468 |
| Environmentally-realistic concentration of cadmium combined with polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched diets modulated non-specific immunity in rainbow trout. | Aquat Toxicol | 2018 Mar | 29407798 |
| Electrospun polydimethylsiloxane/polyacrylonitrile/titanium dioxide nanofibers asa new coating for determination of alpha-linolenic acid in milk by directimmersion-solid phase nanoextraction. | J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci | 2018 Jan 15 | 29232610 |
| In vitro effect of flaxseed oil and α-linolenic acid against the toxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | Inflammopharmacology | 2018 Apr | 28940033 |
| Essential oil composition of aerial parts of Micromeria persica Boiss. fromWestern of Shiraz, Iran. | Nat Prod Res | 2018 Apr | 28893105 |
| Brain and Hepatic Mt mRNA Is Reduced in Response to Mild Energy Restriction andn-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Deficiency in Juvenile Rats. | Nutrients | 2017 Oct 19 | 29048374 |
| Supplementation with dietary linseed oil during peri-puberty stimulatessteroidogenesis and testis development in rams. | Theriogenology | 2017 Oct 15 | 28719823 |
| Replacement of fish oil with soybean oil in diets for juvenile Chinese sucker(Myxocyprinus asiaticus): effects on liver lipid peroxidation and biochemicalcomposition. | Fish Physiol Biochem | 2017 Oct | 28488194 |
| Identification and evaluation of antibacterial agents present in lipophilicfractions isolated from sub-products of Phoenix dactilyfera. | Nat Prod Res | 2017 Nov | 28403631 |
| Influence of protein deficient diet, vitamin B[sub]2[/sub] supplementation andphysical training on serum composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in rats. | Ann Agric Environ Med | 2017 May 11 | 28664691 |
| Increasing meat product functionality by the addition of milled flaxseed Linumusitatissimum. | J Sci Food Agric | 2017 Jul | 27790719 |
| Could post-weaning dietary chia seed mitigate the development of dyslipidemia,liver steatosis and altered glucose homeostasis in offspring exposed to asucrose-rich diet from utero to adulthood? | Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids | 2017 Jan | 28088290 |
| Gene cloning of an efficiency oleate hydratase from Stenotrophomonasnitritireducens for polyunsaturated fatty acids and its application in theconversion of plant oils to 10-hydroxy fatty acids. | Biotechnol Bioeng | 2017 Jan | 27474883 |
| Whole-Body Docosahexaenoic Acid Synthesis-Secretion Rates in Rats Are Constantacross a Large Range of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Intakes. | J Nutr | 2017 Jan | 27852871 |
| Synthesis of the suspected trans-11,cis-13 conjugated linoleic acid isomer inruminant mammary tissue by FADS3-catalyzed Δ13-desaturation of vaccenic acid. | J Dairy Sci | 2017 Jan | 27865506 |
| Serum metabolites from walnut-fed aged rats attenuate stress-induced neurotoxicity in BV-2 microglial cells. | Nutr Neurosci | 2017 Feb | 25153536 |
| Papaya (Carica papaya) leaf methanolic extract modulates in vitro rumenmethanogenesis and rumen biohydrogenation. | Anim Sci J | 2017 Feb | 27345820 |
| Synthesis and antioxidant properties of caffeic acid corn bran arabinoxylanesters. | Int J Cosmet Sci | 2017 Aug | 28094854 |
| Glucose, amino acids and fatty acids directly regulate ghrelin andNUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the intestine and hepatopancreas of goldfish (Carassiusauratus) in vitro. | Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol | 2017 Apr | 28089858 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Ion channel binding
- Specific Function:
- Mediates the exchange of one Ca(2+) ion against three to four Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes (PubMed:1374913, PubMed:11241183, PubMed:1476165). Contributes to Ca(2+) transport during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. In a first phase, voltage-gated channels mediate the rapid increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels due to release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum. SLC8A1 mediates the export of Ca(2+) from the cell during the next phase, so that cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels rapidly return to baseline. Required for normal embryonic heart development and the onset of heart contractions.
- Gene Name:
- SLC8A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P32418
- Molecular Weight:
- 108546.06 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
- General Function:
- Oxidoreductase activity
- Specific Function:
- Isoform 2 does not exhibit any catalytic activity toward 20:3n-6, but it may enhance FADS2 activity (By similarity). Isoform 1 is a component of a lipid metabolic pathway that catalyzes biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) from precursor essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA) (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3n-3). Catalyzes the desaturation of dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid (DHGLA) (20:3n-6) and eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4n-3) to generate arachidonic acid (AA) (20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)(20:5n-3), respectively.
- Gene Name:
- FADS1
- Uniprot ID:
- O60427
- Molecular Weight:
- 51963.945 Da
References
- Xiang M, Rahman MA, Ai H, Li X, Harbige LS: Diet and gene expression: delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases in healthy Chinese and European subjects. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(6):492-8. Epub 2006 Sep 19. [16988497 ]
- General Function:
- Transferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process, allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids/VLCFAs per cycle. Condensing enzyme that specifically elongates C24:0 and C26:0 acyl-CoAs. May participate to the production of saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators. May play a critical role in early brain and skin development.
- Gene Name:
- ELOVL4
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9GZR5
- Molecular Weight:
- 36828.905 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and is antagonized by NR2C2. May be required for the propagation of clock information to metabolic pathways regulated by PER2.
- Gene Name:
- PPARA
- Uniprot ID:
- Q07869
- Molecular Weight:
- 52224.595 Da
References
- Murakami K, Ide T, Suzuki M, Mochizuki T, Kadowaki T: Evidence for direct binding of fatty acids and eicosanoids to human peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Jul 14;260(3):609-13. [10403814 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor for bile acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid. Represses the transcription of the cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) through the induction of NR0B2 or FGF19 expression, via two distinct mechanisms. Activates the intestinal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP). Activates the transcription of bile salt export pump ABCB11 by directly recruiting histone methyltransferase CARM1 to this locus.
- Gene Name:
- NR1H4
- Uniprot ID:
- Q96RI1
- Molecular Weight:
- 55913.915 Da
References
- Zhao A, Yu J, Lew JL, Huang L, Wright SD, Cui J: Polyunsaturated fatty acids are FXR ligands and differentially regulate expression of FXR targets. DNA Cell Biol. 2004 Aug;23(8):519-26. [15307955 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels (By similarity).
- Gene Name:
- PPARG
- Uniprot ID:
- P37231
- Molecular Weight:
- 57619.58 Da
References
- Vanden Heuvel JP, Thompson JT, Frame SR, Gillies PJ: Differential activation of nuclear receptors by perfluorinated fatty acid analogs and natural fatty acids: a comparison of human, mouse, and rat peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, -beta, and -gamma, liver X receptor-beta, and retinoid X receptor-alpha. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Aug;92(2):476-89. Epub 2006 May 26. [16731579 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Activated by the antibiotic rifampicin and various plant metabolites, such as hyperforin, guggulipid, colupulone, and isoflavones. Response to specific ligands is species-specific. Activated by naturally occurring steroids, such as pregnenolone and progesterone. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes.
- Gene Name:
- NR1I2
- Uniprot ID:
- O75469
- Molecular Weight:
- 49761.245 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. The high affinity ligand for RXRs is 9-cis retinoic acid. RXRA serves as a common heterodimeric partner for a number of nuclear receptors. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone acetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression. On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and associate with the coactivators leading to transcriptional activation. The RXRA/PPARA heterodimer is required for PPARA transcriptional activity on fatty acid oxidation genes such as ACOX1 and the P450 system genes.
- Gene Name:
- RXRA
- Uniprot ID:
- P19793
- Molecular Weight:
- 50810.835 Da
References
- Vanden Heuvel JP, Thompson JT, Frame SR, Gillies PJ: Differential activation of nuclear receptors by perfluorinated fatty acid analogs and natural fatty acids: a comparison of human, mouse, and rat peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, -beta, and -gamma, liver X receptor-beta, and retinoid X receptor-alpha. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Aug;92(2):476-89. Epub 2006 May 26. [16731579 ]
- General Function:
- Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Ligand-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in detection of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli. Seems to mediate proton influx and may be involved in intracellular acidosis in nociceptive neurons. Involved in mediation of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia. Sensitized by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, which involves PKC isozymes and PCL. Can be activated by endogenous compounds, including 12-hydroperoxytetraenoic acid and bradykinin. Acts as ionotropic endocannabinoid receptor with central neuromodulatory effects. Triggers a form of long-term depression (TRPV1-LTD) mediated by the endocannabinoid anandamine in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens by affecting AMPA receptors endocytosis (By similarity). Activation by vanilloids, like capsaicin, and temperatures higher than 42 degrees Celsius, exhibits a time- and Ca(2+)-dependent outward rectification, followed by a long-lasting refractory state. Mild extracellular acidic pH (6.5) potentiates channel activation by noxious heat and vanilloids, whereas acidic conditions (pH <6) directly activate the channel.
- Gene Name:
- TRPV1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q8NER1
- Molecular Weight:
- 94955.33 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [17139284 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand.
- Gene Name:
- PPARD
- Uniprot ID:
- Q03181
- Molecular Weight:
- 49902.99 Da
References
- Vanden Heuvel JP, Thompson JT, Frame SR, Gillies PJ: Differential activation of nuclear receptors by perfluorinated fatty acid analogs and natural fatty acids: a comparison of human, mouse, and rat peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, -beta, and -gamma, liver X receptor-beta, and retinoid X receptor-alpha. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Aug;92(2):476-89. Epub 2006 May 26. [16731579 ]
- General Function:
- Stearoyl-coa 9-desaturase activity
- Specific Function:
- Component of a lipid metabolic pathway that catalyzes biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) from precursor essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA) (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3n-3). Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in this pathway which is the desaturation of LA (18:2n-6) and ALA (18:3n-3) into gamma-linoleic acid (GLA) (18:3n-6) and stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) respectively and other desaturation steps. Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) play pivotal roles in many biological functions. It catalizes as well the introduction of a cis double bond in palmitate to produce the mono-unsaturated fatty acid sapienate, the most abundant fatty acid in sebum.
- Gene Name:
- FADS2
- Uniprot ID:
- O95864
- Molecular Weight:
- 52259.075 Da
References
- Xiang M, Rahman MA, Ai H, Li X, Harbige LS: Diet and gene expression: delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases in healthy Chinese and European subjects. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(6):492-8. Epub 2006 Sep 19. [16988497 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Essential for MTA1-mediated transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 and BCAS3. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1.
- Gene Name:
- ESR1
- Uniprot ID:
- P03372
- Molecular Weight:
- 66215.45 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]