Transforming growth factor beta-1


NameTransforming growth factor beta-1
SynonymsTGF-beta-1 TGFB
Gene NameTGFB1
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021834|Transforming growth factor beta-1
MPPSGLRLLLLLLPLLWLLVLTPGRPAAGLSTCKTIDMELVKRKRIEAIRGQILSKLRLA
SPPSQGEVPPGPLPEAVLALYNSTRDRVAGESAEPEPEPEADYYAKEVTRVLMVETHNEI
YDKFKQSTHSIYMFFNTSELREAVPEPVLLSRAELRLLRLKLKVEQHVELYQKYSNNSWR
YLSNRLLAPSDSPEWLSFDVTGVVRQWLSRGGEIEGFRLSAHCSCDSRDNTLQVDINGFT
TGRRGDLATIHGMNRPFLLLMATPLERAQHLQSSRHRRALDTNYCFSSTEKNCCVRQLYI
DFRKDLGWKWIHEPKGYHANFCLGPCPYIWSLDTQYSKVLALYNQHNPGASAAPCCVPQA
LEPLPIVYYVGRKPKVEQLSNMIVRSCKCS
Number of residues390
Molecular Weight44340.685
Theoretical pI8.63
GO Classification
Functions
    type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
    type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
    cytokine activity
    enzyme binding
    glycoprotein binding
    antigen binding
    type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Processes
    negative regulation of interleukin-17 production
    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
    positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis
    positive regulation of protein complex assembly
    negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process
    positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation
    regulation of striated muscle tissue development
    modulation by virus of host morphology or physiology
    cell cycle arrest
    positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process
    response to cholesterol
    positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation
    positive regulation of MAP kinase activity
    positive regulation of vascular permeability
    transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
    epithelial to mesenchymal transition
    regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization
    regulation of blood vessel remodeling
    negative regulation of phagocytosis
    blood coagulation
    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
    positive regulation of fibroblast migration
    negative regulation of myoblast differentiation
    negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane
    regulatory T cell differentiation
    response to vitamin D
    response to radiation
    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
    cell-cell junction organization
    negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle
    positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production
    negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
    cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus
    regulation of sodium ion transport
    negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
    protein phosphorylation
    positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
    positive regulation of interleukin-17 production
    negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development
    protein import into nucleus, translocation
    negative regulation of cell differentiation
    extracellular matrix organization
    protein export from nucleus
    endoderm development
    positive regulation of gene expression
    ureteric bud development
    response to glucose
    hyaluronan catabolic process
    response to hypoxia
    negative regulation of gene silencing by miRNA
    mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
    positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly
    positive regulation of protein secretion
    platelet activation
    protein kinase B signaling
    cell development
    face morphogenesis
    hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation
    receptor catabolic process
    pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
    positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
    positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes
    phosphate-containing compound metabolic process
    response to drug
    positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus
    germ cell migration
    negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
    regulation of cell migration
    response to laminar fluid shear stress
    frontal suture morphogenesis
    positive regulation of cell migration
    T cell homeostasis
    negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
    positive regulation of bone mineralization
    positive regulation of superoxide anion generation
    positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity
    positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding
    platelet degranulation
    SMAD protein signal transduction
    tolerance induction to self antigen
    lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway
    negative regulation of cell cycle
    negative regulation of ossification
    negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production
    positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition
    positive regulation of protein import into nucleus
    negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol
    positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation
    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation
    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
    chondrocyte differentiation
    viral life cycle
    mammary gland branching involved in thelarche
    regulation of DNA binding
    positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation
    active induction of host immune response by virus
    regulation of apoptotic process
    female pregnancy
    ossification involved in bone remodeling
    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
    myeloid dendritic cell differentiation
    positive regulation of histone deacetylation
    adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
    negative regulation of gene expression
    negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly
    regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis
    negative regulation of cell growth
    negative regulation of DNA replication
    mononuclear cell proliferation
    salivary gland morphogenesis
    inner ear development
    cellular response to organic cyclic compound
    epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway
    myelination
    positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation
    response to estradiol
    lens fiber cell differentiation
    branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching
    aging
    regulation of cartilage development
    positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling
    positive regulation of cell proliferation
    common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation
    positive regulation of odontogenesis
    SMAD protein import into nucleus
    positive regulation of chemotaxis
    positive regulation of apoptotic process
    cellular calcium ion homeostasis
    connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing
    MAPK cascade
    oligodendrocyte development
    positive regulation of exit from mitosis
    defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction
    cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus
    regulation of interleukin-23 production
    organ regeneration
    inflammatory response
    positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process
    negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
    negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation
    macrophage derived foam cell differentiation
    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity
    SMAD protein complex assembly
    positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
    positive regulation of histone acetylation
    ATP biosynthetic process
    extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
    negative regulation of cell proliferation
    regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
    positive regulation of cell cycle arrest
    evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus
    Notch signaling pathway
    regulation of protein import into nucleus
    response to progesterone
    cell growth
    response to wounding
    regulation of binding
    negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion
    negative regulation of T cell proliferation
    extracellular matrix assembly
    digestive tract development
    positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
    lymph node development
Components
    cytoplasm
    extracellular region
    cell surface
    nucleus
    proteinaceous extracellular matrix
    platelet alpha granule lumen
    axon
    blood microparticle
    plasma membrane
    Golgi lumen
    extracellular space
    neuronal cell body
General FunctionType iii transforming growth factor beta receptor binding
Specific FunctionMultifunctional protein that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. Many cells synthesize TGFB1 and have specific receptors for it. It positively and negatively regulates many other growth factors. It plays an important role in bone remodeling as it is a potent stimulator of osteoblastic bone formation, causing chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation in committed osteoblasts. Can promote either T-helper 17 cells (Th17) or regulatory T-cells (Treg) lineage differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. At high concentrations, leads to FOXP3-mediated suppression of RORC and down-regulation of IL-17 expression, favoring Treg cell development. At low concentrations in concert with IL-6 and IL-21, leads to expression of the IL-17 and IL-23 receptors, favoring differentiation to Th17 cells.
Transmembrane Regions
GenBank Protein ID1212989
UniProtKB IDP01137
UniProtKB Entry NameTGFB1_HUMAN
Cellular LocationSecreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021835|Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFB1)
ATGCCGCCCTCCGGGCTGCGGCTGCTGCCGCTGCTGCTACCGCTGCTGTGGCTACTGGTG
CTGACGCCTGGCCGGCCGGCCGCGGGACTATCCACCTGCAAGACTATCGACATGGAGCTG
GTGAAGCGGAAGCGCATCGAGGCCATCCGCGGCCAGATCCTGTCCAAGCTGCGGCTCGCC
AGCCCCCCGAGCCAGGGGGAGGTGCCGCCCGGCCCGCTGCCCGAGGCCGTGCTCGCCCTG
TACAACAGCACCCGCGACCGGGTGGCCGGGGAGAGTGCAGAACCGGAGCCCGAGCCTGAG
GCCGACTACTACGCCAAGGAGGTCACCCGCGTGCTAATGGTGGAAACCCACAACGAAATC
TATGACAAGTTCAAGCAGAGTACACACAGCATATATATGTTCTTCAACACATCAGAGCTC
CGAGAAGCGGTACCTGAACCCGTGTTGCTCTCCCGGGCAGAGCTGCGTCTGCTGAGGCTC
AAGTTAAAAGTGGAGCAGCACGTGGAGCTGTACCAGAAATACAGCAACAATTCCTGGCGA
TACCTCAGCAACCGGCTGCTGGCACCCAGCGACTCGCCAGAGTGGTTATCTTTTGATGTC
ACCGGAGTTGTGCGGCAGTGGTTGAGCCGTGGAGGGGAAATTGAGGGCTTTCGCCTTAGC
GCCCACTGCTCCTGTGACAGCAGGGATAACACACTGCAAGTGGACATCAACGGGTTCACT
ACCGGCCGCCGAGGTGACCTGGCCACCATTCATGGCATGAACCGGCCTTTCCTGCTTCTC
ATGGCCACCCCGCTGGAGAGGGCCCAGCATCTGCAAAGCTCCCGGCACCGCCGAGCCCTG
GACACCAACTATTGCTTCAGCTCCACGGAGAAGAACTGCTGCGTGCGGCAGCTGTACATT
GACTTCCGCAAGGACCTCGGCTGGAAGTGGATCCACGAGCCCAAGGGCTACCATGCCAAC
TTCTGCCTCGGGCCCTGCCCCTACATTTGGAGCCTGGACACGCAGTACAGCAAGGTCCTG
GCCCTGTACAACCAGCATAACCCGGGCGCCTCGGCGGCGCCGTGCTGCGTGCCGCAGGCG
CTGGAGCCGCTGCCCATCGTGTACTACGTGGGCCGCAAGCCCAAGGTGGAGCAGCTGTCC
AACATGATCGTGCGCTCCTGCAAGTGCAGCTGA
GenBank Gene IDX05839
GeneCard IDNone
GenAtlas IDTGFB1
HGNC IDHGNC:11766
Chromosome Location19
Locus19q13.2|19q13.1
References
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