Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9
| Name | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | 2.7.11.24 c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 JNK-55 JNK2 MAP kinase 9 PRKM9 SAPK1A Stress-activated protein kinase 1a Stress-activated protein kinase JNK2 |
| Gene Name | MAPK9 |
| Organism | Human |
| Amino acid sequence | >lcl|BSEQ0007238|Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 MSDSKCDSQFYSVQVADSTFTVLKRYQQLKPIGSGAQGIVCAAFDTVLGINVAVKKLSRP FQNQTHAKRAYRELVLLKCVNHKNIISLLNVFTPQKTLEEFQDVYLVMELMDANLCQVIH MELDHERMSYLLYQMLCGIKHLHSAGIIHRDLKPSNIVVKSDCTLKILDFGLARTACTNF MMTPYVVTRYYRAPEVILGMGYKENVDIWSVGCIMGELVKGCVIFQGTDHIDQWNKVIEQ LGTPSAEFMKKLQPTVRNYVENRPKYPGIKFEELFPDWIFPSESERDKIKTSQARDLLSK MLVIDPDKRISVDEALRHPYITVWYDPAEAEAPPPQIYDAQLEEREHAIEEWKELIYKEV MDWEERSKNGVVKDQPSDAAVSSNATPSQSSSINDISSMSTEQTLASDTDSSLDASTGPL EGCR |
| Number of residues | 424 |
| Molecular Weight | 48138.655 |
| Theoretical pI | 5.34 |
| GO Classification |
Functions
transcription factor binding cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process JUN kinase activity ATP binding Processes
response to cadmium ion regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation TRIF-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway rhythmic process stress-activated MAPK cascade response to toxic substance cellular response to interleukin-1 positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway response to stress toll-like receptor 10 signaling pathway cellular response to lipopolysaccharide positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway neuron projection development release of cytochrome c from mitochondria regulation of circadian rhythm toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process regulation of JNK cascade cellular response to growth factor stimulus innate immune response toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway response to mechanical stimulus cellular response to UV central nervous system development positive regulation of protein phosphorylation toll-like receptor 5 signaling pathway JNK cascade regulation of protein ubiquitination protein targeting to mitochondrion Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway positive regulation of chemokine production positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process cellular response to tumor necrosis factor toll-like receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of gene expression positive regulation of cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated toll-like receptor TLR1 response to amine MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway response to drug protein phosphorylation toll-like receptor TLR6 Components
cytosol nucleoplasm mitochondrion |
| General Function | Transcription factor binding |
| Specific Function | Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or physical stress stimulate the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAP/JNK) signaling pathway. In this cascade, two dual specificity kinases MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7 phosphorylate and activate MAPK9/JNK2. In turn, MAPK9/JNK2 phosphorylates a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as JUN and ATF2 and thus regulates AP-1 transcriptional activity. In response to oxidative or ribotoxic stresses, inhibits rRNA synthesis by phosphorylating and inactivating the RNA polymerase 1-specific transcription initiation factor RRN3. Promotes stressed cell apoptosis by phosphorylating key regulatory factors including TP53 and YAP1. In T-cells, MAPK8 and MAPK9 are required for polarized differentiation of T-helper cells into Th1 cells. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, is activated by CARMA1, BCL10, MAP2K7 and MAP3K7/TAK1 to regulate JUN protein levels. Plays an important role in the osmotic stress-induced epithelial tight-junctions disruption. When activated, promotes beta-catenin/CTNNB1 degradation and inhibits the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Participates also in neurite growth in spiral ganglion neurons. Phosphorylates the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer and plays a role in the regulation of the circadian clock (PubMed:22441692).MAPK9 isoforms display different binding patterns: alpha-1 and alpha-2 preferentially bind to JUN, whereas beta-1 and beta-2 bind to ATF2. However, there is no correlation between binding and phosphorylation, which is achieved at about the same efficiency by all isoforms. JUNB is not a substrate for JNK2 alpha-2, and JUND binds only weakly to it. |
| Transmembrane Regions | |
| GenBank Protein ID | 598183 |
| UniProtKB ID | P45984 |
| UniProtKB Entry Name | MK09_HUMAN |
| Cellular Location | Cytoplasm |
| Gene sequence | >lcl|BSEQ0021865|Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (MAPK9) ATGAGCGACAGTAAATGTGACAGTCAGTTTTATAGTGTGCAAGTGGCAGACTCAACCTTC ACTGTCCTAAAACGTTACCAGCAGCTGAAACCAATTGGCTCTGGGGCCCAAGGGATTGTT TGTGCTGCATTTGATACAGTTCTTGGGATAAATGTTGCAGTCAAGAAACTAAGCCGTCCT TTTCAGAACCAAACTCATGCAAAGAGAGCTTATCGTGAACTTGTCCTCTTAAAATGTGTC AATCATAAAAATATAATTAGTTTGTTAAATGTGTTTACACCACAAAAAACTCTAGAAGAA TTTCAAGATGTGTATTTGGTTATGGAATTAATGGATGCTAACTTATGTCAGGTTATTCAC ATGGAGCTGGATCATGAAAGAATGTCCTACCTTCTTTACCAGATGCTTTGTGGTATTAAA CATCTGCATTCAGCTGGTATAATTCATAGAGATTTGAAGCCTAGCAACATTGTTGTGAAA TCAGACTGCACCCTGAAGATCCTTGACTTTGGCCTGGCCCGGACAGCGTGCACTAACTTC ATGATGACCCCTTACGTGGTGACACGGTACTACCGGGCGCCCGAAGTCATCCTGGGTATG GGCTACAAAGAGAACGTTGATATCTGGTCAGTGGGTTGCATCATGGGAGAGCTGGTGAAA GGTTGTGTGATATTCCAAGGCACTGACCGTATCCTTCCCCGCGACCTTGGCCCCGCCATG CTTTCTTAA |
| GenBank Gene ID | L31951 |
| GeneCard ID | None |
| GenAtlas ID | |
| HGNC ID | HGNC:6886 |
| Chromosome Location | 5 |
| Locus | 5q35 |
| References |
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Related FRC
| FRCD ID | Name | Exact Mass | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
Cadmium |
112.414 |