Glucagon receptor

NameGlucagon receptor
SynonymsGL-R
Gene NameGCGR
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016117|Glucagon receptor
MPPCQPQRPLLLLLLLLACQPQVPSAQVMDFLFEKWKLYGDQCHHNLSLLPPPTELVCNR
TFDKYSCWPDTPANTTANISCPWYLPWHHKVQHRFVFKRCGPDGQWVRGPRGQPWRDASQ
CQMDGEEIEVQKEVAKMYSSFQVMYTVGYSLSLGALLLALAILGGLSKLHCTRNAIHANL
FASFVLKASSVLVIDGLLRTRYSQKIGDDLSVSTWLSDGAVAGCRVAAVFMQYGIVANYC
WLLVEGLYLHNLLGLATLPERSFFSLYLGIGWGAPMLFVVPWAVVKCLFENVQCWTSNDN
MGFWWILRFPVFLAILINFFIFVRIVQLLVAKLRARQMHHTDYKFRLAKSTLTLIPLLGV
HEVVFAFVTDEHAQGTLRSAKLFFDLFLSSFQGLLVAVLYCFLNKEVQSELRRRWHRWRL
GKVLWEERNTSNHRASSSPGHGPPSKELQFGRGGGSQDSSAETPLAGGLPRLAESPF
Number of residues477
Molecular Weight54008.44
Theoretical pI8.83
GO Classification
Functions
    guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity
glucagon receptor activity
peptide hormone binding
Processes
    small molecule metabolic process
hormone-mediated signaling pathway
glucose homeostasis
regulation of blood pressure
cellular response to glucagon stimulus
energy reserve metabolic process
adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
cell surface receptor signaling pathway
response to starvation
exocytosis
regulation of glycogen metabolic process
generation of precursor metabolites and energy
positive regulation of GTPase activity
adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway
response to nutrient
Components
    integral component of plasma membrane
endosome
plasma membrane
integral component of membrane
General FunctionPeptide hormone binding
Specific FunctionG-protein coupled receptor for glucagon that plays a central role in the regulation of blood glucose levels and glucose homeostasis. Regulates the rate of hepatic glucose production by promoting glycogen hydrolysis and gluconeogenesis. Plays an important role in mediating the responses to fasting. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Promotes activation of adenylate cyclase. Besides, plays a role in signaling via a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system.
Transmembrane Regions137-161 174-198 226-249 264-285 304-326 351-369 382-402
GenBank Protein ID439690
UniProtKB IDP47871
UniProtKB Entry NameGLR_HUMAN
Cellular LocationCell membrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0016118|Glucagon receptor (GCGR)
ATGCCCCCCTGCCAGCCACAGCGACCCCTGCTGCTGTTGCTGCTGCTGCTGGCCTGCCAG
CCACAGGTCCCCTCCGCTCAGGTGATGGACTTCCTGTTTGAGAAGTGGAAGCTCTACGGT
GACCAGTGTCACCACAACCTGAGCCTGCTGCCCCCTCCCACGGAGCTGGTGTGCAACAGA
ACCTTCGACAAGTATTCCTGCTGGCCGGACACCCCCGCCAATACCACGGCCAACATCTCC
TGCCCCTGGTACCTGCCTTGGCACCACAAAGTGCAACACCGCTTCGTGTTCAAGAGATGC
GGGCCCGACGGTCAGTGGGTGCGTGGACCCCGGGGGCAGCCTTGGCGTGATGCCTCCCAG
TGCCAGATGGATGGCGAGGAGATTGAGGTCCAGAAGGAGGTGGCCAAGATGTACAGCAGC
TTCCAGGTGATGTACACAGTGGGCTACAGCCTGTCCCTGGGGGCCCTGCTCCTCGCCTTG
GCCATCCTGGGGGGCCTCAGCAAGCTGCACTGCACCCGCAATGCCATCCACGCGAATCTG
TTTGCGTCCTTCGTGCTGAAAGCCAGCTCCGTGCTGGTCATTGATGGGCTGCTCAGGACC
CGCTACAGCCAGAAAATTGGCGACGACCTCAGTGTCAGCACCTGGCTCAGTGATGGAGCG
GTGGCTGGCTGCCGTGTGGCCGCGGTGTTCATGCAATATGGCATCGTGGCCAACTACTGC
TGGCTGCTGGTGGAGGGCCTGTACCTGCACAACCTGCTGGGCCTGGCCACCCTCCCCGAG
AGGAGCTTCTTCAGCCTCTACCTGGGCATCGGCTGGGGTGCCCCCATGCTGTTCGTCGTC
CCCTGGGCAGTGGTCAAGTGTCTGTTCGAGAACGTCCAGTGCTGGACCAGCAATGACAAC
ATGGGCTTCTGGTGGATCCTGCGGTTCCCCGTCTTCCTGGCCATCCTGATCAACTTCTTC
ATCTTCGTCCGCATCGTTCAGCTGCTCGTGGCCAAGCTGCGGGCACGGCAGATGCACCAC
ACAGACTACAAGTTCCGGCTGGCCAAGTCCACGCTGACCCTCATCCCTCTGCTGGGCGTC
CACGAAGTGGTCTTCGCCTTCGTGACGGACGAGCACGCCCAGGGCACCCTGCGCTCCGCC
AAGCTCTTCTTCGACCTCTTCCTCAGCTCCTTCCAGGGCCTGCTGGTGGCTGTCCTCTAC
TGCTTCCTCAACAAGGAGGTGCAGTCGGAGCTGCGGCGGCGTTGGCACCGCTGGCGCCTG
GGCAAAGTGCTATGGGAGGAGCGGAACACCAGCAACCACAGGGCCTCATCTTCGCCCGGC
CACGGCCCTCCCAGCAAGGAGCTGCAGTTTGGGAGGGGTGGTGGCAGCCAGGATTCATCT
GCGGAGACCCCCTTGGCTGGTGGCCTCCCTAGATTGGCTGAGAGCCCCTTCTGA
GenBank Gene IDU03469
GeneCard IDNone
GenAtlas IDGCGR
HGNC IDHGNC:4192
Chromosome Location17
Locus17q25
References
  1. MacNeil DJ, Occi JL, Hey PJ, Strader CD, Graziano MP: Cloning and expression of a human glucagon receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jan 14;198(1):328-34.[7507321 ]
  2. Lok S, Kuijper JL, Jelinek LJ, Kramer JM, Whitmore TE, Sprecher CA, Mathewes S, Grant FJ, Biggs SH, Rosenberg GB, et al.: The human glucagon receptor encoding gene: structure, cDNA sequence and chromosomal localization. Gene. 1994 Mar 25;140(2):203-9.[8144028 ]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7.[15489334 ]
  4. Buggy JJ, Heurich RO, MacDougall M, Kelley KA, Livingston JN, Yoo-Warren H, Rossomando AJ: Role of the glucagon receptor COOH-terminal domain in glucagon-mediated signaling and receptor internalization. Diabetes. 1997 Sep;46(9):1400-5.[9287038 ]
  5. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22.[24275569 ]
  6. Ruckert C, Fiorillo MT, Loll B, Moretti R, Biesiadka J, Saenger W, Ziegler A, Sorrentino R, Uchanska-Ziegler B: Conformational dimorphism of self-peptides and molecular mimicry in a disease-associated HLA-B27 subtype. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jan 27;281(4):2306-16. Epub 2005 Oct 12.[16221670 ]
  7. Koth CM, Murray JM, Mukund S, Madjidi A, Minn A, Clarke HJ, Wong T, Chiang V, Luis E, Estevez A, Rondon J, Zhang Y, Hotzel I, Allan BB: Molecular basis for negative regulation of the glucagon receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Sep 4;109(36):14393-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1206734109. Epub 2012 Aug 20.[22908259 ]
  8. Siu FY, He M, de Graaf C, Han GW, Yang D, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Xu Q, Wacker D, Joseph JS, Liu W, Lau J, Cherezov V, Katritch V, Wang MW, Stevens RC: Structure of the human glucagon class B G-protein-coupled receptor. Nature. 2013 Jul 25;499(7459):444-9. doi: 10.1038/nature12393. Epub 2013 Jul 17.[23863937 ]
  9. Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Yamato E, Takekawa K, Nakagawa Y, Hamada Y, Ueda H, Fukuda M, Ogihara T: A mutation in the glucagon receptor gene (Gly40Ser): heterogeneity in the association with diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia. 1995 Aug;38(8):983-5.[7589886 ]
  10. Zhou C, Dhall D, Nissen NN, Chen CR, Yu R: Homozygous P86S mutation of the human glucagon receptor is associated with hyperglucagonemia, alpha cell hyperplasia, and islet cell tumor. Pancreas. 2009 Nov;38(8):941-6. doi: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181b2bb03.[19657311 ]
  11. Menzel S, Stoffel M, Espinosa R 3rd, Fernald AA, Le Beau MM, Bell GI: Localization of the glucagon receptor gene to human chromosome band 17q25. Genomics. 1994 Mar 15;20(2):327-8.[8020989 ]

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