NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1

NameNAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1
Synonyms3.5.1.- hSIR2 hSIRT1 Regulatory protein SIR2 homolog 1 SIR2-like protein 1 SIR2L1
Gene NameSIRT1
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0004833|NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1
MADEAALALQPGGSPSAAGADREAASSPAGEPLRKRPRRDGPGLERSPGEPGGAAPEREV
PAAARGCPGAAAAALWREAEAEAAAAGGEQEAQATAAAGEGDNGPGLQGPSREPPLADNL
YDEDDDDEGEEEEEAAAAAIGYRDNLLFGDEIITNGFHSCESDEEDRASHASSSDWTPRP
RIGPYTFVQQHLMIGTDPRTILKDLLPETIPPPELDDMTLWQIVINILSEPPKRKKRKDI
NTIEDAVKLLQECKKIIVLTGAGVSVSCGIPDFRSRDGIYARLAVDFPDLPDPQAMFDIE
YFRKDPRPFFKFAKEIYPGQFQPSLCHKFIALSDKEGKLLRNYTQNIDTLEQVAGIQRII
QCHGSFATASCLICKYKVDCEAVRGDIFNQVVPRCPRCPADEPLAIMKPEIVFFGENLPE
QFHRAMKYDKDEVDLLIVIGSSLKVRPVALIPSSIPHEVPQILINREPLPHLHFDVELLG
DCDVIINELCHRLGGEYAKLCCNPVKLSEITEKPPRTQKELAYLSELPPTPLHVSEDSSS
PERTSPPDSSVIVTLLDQAAKSNDDLDVSESKGCMEEKPQEVQTSRNVESIAEQMENPDL
KNVGSSTGEKNERTSVAGTVRKCWPNRVAKEQISRRLDGNQYLFLPPNRYIFHGAEVYSD
SEDDVLSSSSCGSNSDSGTCQSPSLEEPMEDESEIEEFYNGLEDEPDVPERAGGAGFGTD
GDDQEAINEAISVKQEVTDMNYPSNKS
Number of residues747
Molecular Weight81680.06
Theoretical pI4.29
GO Classification
Functions
    metal ion binding
protein C-terminus binding
core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
transcription corepressor activity
histone binding
histone deacetylase activity
keratin filament binding
HLH domain binding
deacetylase activity
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K9 specific)
p53 binding
protein deacetylase activity
enzyme binding
bHLH transcription factor binding
NAD+ binding
identical protein binding
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity
transcription factor binding
nuclear hormone receptor binding
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase activity
mitogen-activated protein kinase binding
Processes
    circadian regulation of gene expression
negative regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
negative regulation of helicase activity
negative regulation of gene expression
positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process
ovulation from ovarian follicle
negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling
white fat cell differentiation
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide
negative regulation of protein acetylation
cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
cellular triglyceride homeostasis
pyrimidine dimer repair by nucleotide-excision repair
muscle organ development
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
negative regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
histone deacetylation
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway
behavioral response to starvation
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
positive regulation of apoptotic process
regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity
regulation of glucose metabolic process
negative regulation of phosphorylation
angiogenesis
regulation of gene expression, epigenetic
negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
establishment of chromatin silencing
regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
cell aging
regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity
proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
histone H3 deacetylation
negative regulation of cellular senescence
cholesterol homeostasis
cellular response to heat
chromatin silencing
chromatin silencing at rDNA
negative regulation of cellular response to testosterone stimulus
protein destabilization
regulation of cell proliferation
regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway
regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation
positive regulation of cholesterol efflux
regulation of cellular response to heat
negative regulation of histone H3-K14 acetylation
positive regulation of macroautophagy
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
fatty acid homeostasis
DNA replication
protein deacetylation
positive regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity
response to insulin
positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process
rRNA processing
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
negative regulation of histone H4-K16 acetylation
spermatogenesis
chromatin organization
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor
cellular response to starvation
DNA repair
UV-damage excision repair
stress-induced premature senescence
positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway
gene expression
negative regulation of fat cell differentiation
negative regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process
negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
cellular response to ionizing radiation
methylation-dependent chromatin silencing
response to hydrogen peroxide
negative regulation of TOR signaling
response to oxidative stress
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator
positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
positive regulation of adaptive immune response
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
single strand break repair
negative regulation of apoptotic process
positive regulation of DNA repair
negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling
positive regulation of histone H3-K9 methylation
triglyceride mobilization
cellular response to hypoxia
positive regulation of cellular senescence
negative regulation of cell growth
maintenance of chromatin silencing
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
regulation of mitotic cell cycle
cellular glucose homeostasis
protein ubiquitination
DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair
peptidyl-lysine acetylation
transcription, DNA-templated
negative regulation of neuron death
peptidyl-lysine deacetylation
positive regulation of chromatin silencing
viral process
negative regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation
positive regulation of cell proliferation
regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process
Components
    PML body
rDNA heterochromatin
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
nuclear chromatin
nucleus
chromatin silencing complex
nuclear heterochromatin
nuclear envelope
nuclear inner membrane
nuclear euchromatin
nucleolus
nucleoplasm
General FunctionTranscription factor binding
Specific FunctionNAD-dependent protein deacetylase that links transcriptional regulation directly to intracellular energetics and participates in the coordination of several separated cellular functions such as cell cycle, response to DNA damage, metobolism, apoptosis and autophagy. Can modulate chromatin function through deacetylation of histones and can promote alterations in the methylation of histones and DNA, leading to transcriptional repression. Deacetylates a broad range of transcription factors and coregulators, thereby regulating target gene expression positively and negatively. Serves as a sensor of the cytosolic ratio of NAD(+)/NADH which is altered by glucose deprivation and metabolic changes associated with caloric restriction. Is essential in skeletal muscle cell differentiation and in response to low nutrients mediates the inhibitory effect on skeletal myoblast differentiation which also involves 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Component of the eNoSC (energy-dependent nucleolar silencing) complex, a complex that mediates silencing of rDNA in response to intracellular energy status and acts by recruiting histone-modifying enzymes. The eNoSC complex is able to sense the energy status of cell: upon glucose starvation, elevation of NAD(+)/NADP(+) ratio activates SIRT1, leading to histone H3 deacetylation followed by dimethylation of H3 at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me2) by SUV39H1 and the formation of silent chromatin in the rDNA locus. Deacetylates 'Lys-266' of SUV39H1, leading to its activation. Inhibits skeletal muscle differentiation by deacetylating PCAF and MYOD1. Deacetylates H2A and 'Lys-26' of HIST1H1E. Deacetylates 'Lys-16' of histone H4 (in vitro). Involved in NR0B2/SHP corepression function through chromatin remodeling: Recruited to LRH1 target gene promoters by NR0B2/SHP thereby stimulating histone H3 and H4 deacetylation leading to transcriptional repression. Proposed to contribute to genomic integrity via positive regulation of telomere length; however, reports on localization to pericentromeric heterochromatin are conflicting. Proposed to play a role in constitutive heterochromatin (CH) formation and/or maintenance through regulation of the available pool of nuclear SUV39H1. Upon oxidative/metabolic stress decreases SUV39H1 degradation by inhibiting SUV39H1 polyubiquitination by MDM2. This increase in SUV39H1 levels enhances SUV39H1 turnover in CH, which in turn seems to accelerate renewal of the heterochromatin which correlates with greater genomic integrity during stress response. Deacetylates 'Lys-382' of p53/TP53 and impairs its ability to induce transcription-dependent proapoptotic program and modulate cell senescence. Deacetylates TAF1B and thereby represses rDNA transcription by the RNA polymerase I. Deacetylates MYC, promotes the association of MYC with MAX and decreases MYC stability leading to compromised transformational capability. Deacetylates FOXO3 in response to oxidative stress thereby increasing its ability to induce cell cycle arrest and resistance to oxidative stress but inhibiting FOXO3-mediated induction of apoptosis transcriptional activity; also leading to FOXO3 ubiquitination and protesomal degradation. Appears to have a similar effect on MLLT7/FOXO4 in regulation of transcriptional activity and apoptosis. Deacetylates DNMT1; thereby impairs DNMT1 methyltransferase-independent transcription repressor activity, modulates DNMT1 cell cycle regulatory function and DNMT1-mediated gene silencing. Deacetylates RELA/NF-kappa-B p65 thereby inhibiting its transactivating potential and augments apoptosis in response to TNF-alpha. Deacetylates HIF1A, KAT5/TIP60, RB1 and HIC1. Deacetylates FOXO1 resulting in its nuclear retention and enhancement of its transcriptional activity leading to increased gluconeogenesis in liver. Inhibits E2F1 transcriptional activity and apoptotic function, possibly by deacetylation. Involved in HES1- and HEY2-mediated transcriptional repression. In cooperation with MYCN seems to be involved in transcriptional repression of DUSP6/MAPK3 leading to MYCN stabilization by phosphorylation at 'Ser-62'. Deacetylates MEF2D. Required for antagonist-mediated transcription suppression of AR-dependent genes which may be linked to local deacetylation of histone H3. Represses HNF1A-mediated transcription. Required for the repression of ESRRG by CREBZF. Modulates AP-1 transcription factor activity. Deacetylates NR1H3 AND NR1H2 and deacetylation of NR1H3 at 'Lys-434' positively regulates transcription of NR1H3:RXR target genes, promotes NR1H3 proteosomal degradation and results in cholesterol efflux; a promoter clearing mechanism after reach round of transcription is proposed. Involved in lipid metabolism. Implicated in regulation of adipogenesis and fat mobilization in white adipocytes by repression of PPARG which probably involves association with NCOR1 and SMRT/NCOR2. Deacetylates ACSS2 leading to its activation, and HMGCS1. Involved in liver and muscle metabolism. Through deacteylation and activation of PPARGC1A is required to activate fatty acid oxidation in skeletel muscle under low-glucose conditions and is involved in glucose homeostasis. Involved in regulation of PPARA and fatty acid beta-oxidation in liver. Involved in positive regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells in response to glucose; the function seems to imply transcriptional repression of UCP2. Proposed to deacetylate IRS2 thereby facilitating its insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. Deacetylates SREBF1 isoform SREBP-1C thereby decreasing its stability and transactivation in lipogenic gene expression. Involved in DNA damage response by repressing genes which are involved in DNA repair, such as XPC and TP73, deacetylating XRCC6/Ku70, and faciliting recruitment of additional factors to sites of damaged DNA, such as SIRT1-deacetylated NBN can recruit ATM to initiate DNA repair and SIRT1-deacetylated XPA interacts with RPA2. Also involved in DNA repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination and specifically single-strand annealing independently of XRCC6/Ku70 and NBN. Transcriptional suppression of XPC probably involves an E2F4:RBL2 suppressor complex and protein kinase B (AKT) signaling. Transcriptional suppression of TP73 probably involves E2F4 and PCAF. Deacetylates WRN thereby regulating its helicase and exonuclease activities and regulates WRN nuclear translocation in response to DNA damage. Deacetylates APEX1 at 'Lys-6' and 'Lys-7' and stimulates cellular AP endonuclease activity by promoting the association of APEX1 to XRCC1. Increases p53/TP53-mediated transcription-independent apoptosis by blocking nuclear translocation of cytoplasmic p53/TP53 and probably redirecting it to mitochondria. Deacetylates XRCC6/Ku70 at 'Lys-539' and 'Lys-542' causing it to sequester BAX away from mitochondria thereby inhibiting stress-induced apoptosis. Is involved in autophagy, presumably by deacetylating ATG5, ATG7 and MAP1LC3B/ATG8. Deacetylates AKT1 which leads to enhanced binding of AKT1 and PDK1 to PIP3 and promotes their activation. Proposed to play role in regulation of STK11/LBK1-dependent AMPK signaling pathways implicated in cellular senescence which seems to involve the regulation of the acetylation status of STK11/LBK1. Can deacetylate STK11/LBK1 and thereby increase its activity, cytoplasmic localization and association with STRAD; however, the relevance of such activity in normal cells is unclear. In endothelial cells is shown to inhibit STK11/LBK1 activity and to promote its degradation. Deacetylates SMAD7 at 'Lys-64' and 'Lys-70' thereby promoting its degradation. Deacetylates CIITA and augments its MHC class II transactivation and contributes to its stability. Deacteylates MECOM/EVI1. Isoform 2 is shown to deacetylate 'Lys-382' of p53/TP53, however with lower activity than isoform 1. In combination, the two isoforms exert an additive effect. Isoform 2 regulates p53/TP53 expression and cellular stress response and is in turn repressed by p53/TP53 presenting a SIRT1 isoform-dependent auto-regulatory loop. In case of HIV-1 infection, interacts with and deacetylates the viral Tat protein. The viral Tat protein inhibits SIRT1 deacetylation activity toward RELA/NF-kappa-B p65, thereby potentiates its transcriptional activity and SIRT1 is proposed to contribute to T-cell hyperactivation during infection. Deacetylates PML at 'Lys-487' and this deacetylation promotes PML control of PER2 nuclear localization. During the neurogenic transition, repress selective NOTCH1-target genes through histone deacetylation in a BCL6-dependent manner and leading to neuronal differentiation. Regulates the circadian expression of several core clock genes, including ARNTL/BMAL1, RORC, PER2 and CRY1 and plays a critical role in maintaining a controlled rhythmicity in histone acetylation, thereby contributing to circadian chromatin remodeling. Deacetylates ARNTL/BMAL1 and histones at the circadian gene promoters in order to facilitate repression by inhibitory components of the circadian oscillator. Deacetylates PER2, facilitating its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteosome. Protects cardiomyocytes against palmitate-induced apoptosis (PubMed:11672523, PubMed:12006491, PubMed:14976264, PubMed:14980222, PubMed:15126506, PubMed:15152190, PubMed:15205477, PubMed:15469825, PubMed:15692560, PubMed:16079181, PubMed:16166628, PubMed:16892051, PubMed:16998810, PubMed:17283066, PubMed:17334224, PubMed:17505061, PubMed:17612497, PubMed:17620057, PubMed:17936707, PubMed:18203716, PubMed:18296641, PubMed:18662546, PubMed:18687677, PubMed:19188449, PubMed:19220062, PubMed:19364925, PubMed:19690166, PubMed:19934257, PubMed:20097625, PubMed:20100829, PubMed:20203304, PubMed:20375098, PubMed:20620956, PubMed:20670893, PubMed:20817729, PubMed:20975832, PubMed:21149730, PubMed:21245319, PubMed:21471201, PubMed:21504832, PubMed:21555002, PubMed:21698133, PubMed:21701047, PubMed:21775285, PubMed:21807113, PubMed:21841822, PubMed:21890893, PubMed:21909281, PubMed:21947282, PubMed:22274616). Deacetylates XBP1 isoform 2; deacetylation decreases protein stability of XBP1 isoform 2 and inhibits its transcriptional activity (PubMed:20955178). Involved in the CCAR2-mediated regulation of PCK1 and NR1D1 (PubMed:24415752). Deacetylates CTNB1 at 'Lys-49' (PubMed:24824780).SirtT1 75 kDa fragment: catalytically inactive 75SirT1 may be involved in regulation of apoptosis. May be involved in protecting chondrocytes from apoptotic death by associating with cytochrome C and interfering with apoptosome assembly.
Transmembrane Regions
GenBank Protein ID
UniProtKB IDQ96EB6
UniProtKB Entry NameSIR1_HUMAN
Cellular LocationNucleus
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021930|NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1)
ATGTTTGATATTGAATATTTCAGAAAAGATCCAAGACCATTCTTCAAGTTTGCAAAGGAA
ATATATCCTGGACAATTCCAGCCATCTCTCTGTCACAAATTCATAGCCTTGTCAGATAAG
GAAGGAAAACTACTTCGCAACTATACCCAGAACATAGACACGCTGGAACAGGTTGCGGGA
ATCCAAAGGATAATTCAGTGTCATGGTTCCTTTGCAACAGCATCTTGCCTGATTTGTAAA
TACAAAGTTGACTGTGAAGCTGTACGAGGAGATATTTTTAATCAGGTAGTTCCTCGATGT
CCTAGGTGCCCAGCTGATGAACCGCTTGCTATCATGAAACCAGAGATTGTGTTTTTTGGT
GAAAATTTACCAGAACAGTTTCATAGAGCCATGAAGTATGACAAAGATGAAGTTGACCTC
CTCATTGTTATTGGGTCTTCCCTCAAAGTAAGACCAGTAGCACTAATTCCAAGTTCCATA
CCCCATGAAGTGCCTCAGATATTAATTAATAGAGAACCTTTGCCTCATCTGCATTTTGAT
GTAGAGCTTCTTGGAGACTGTGATGTCATAATTAATGAATTGTGTCATAGGTTAGGTGGT
GAATATGCCAAACTTTGCTGTAACCCTGTAAAGCTTTCAGAAATTACTGAAAAACCTCCA
CGAACACAAAAAGAATTGGCTTATTTGTCAGAGTTGCCACCCACACCTCTTCATGTTTCA
GAAGACTCAAGTTCACCAGAAAGAACTTCACCACCAGATTCTTCAGTGATTGTCACACTT
TTAGACCAAGCAGCTAAGAGTAATGATGATTTAGATGTGTCTGAATCAAAAGGTTGTATG
GAAGAAAAACCACAGGAAGTACAAACTTCTAGGAATGTTGAAAGTATTGCTGAACAGATG
GAAAATCCGGATTTGAAGAATGTTGGTTCTAGTACTGGGGAGAAAAATGAAAGAACTTCA
GTGGCTGGAACAGTGAGAAAATGCTGGCCTAATAGAGTGGCAAAGGAGCAGATTAGTAGG
CGGCTTGATGGTAATCAGTATCTGTTTTTGCCACCAAATCGTTACATTTTCCATGGCGCT
GAGGTATATTCAGACTCTGAAGATGACGTCTTATCCTCTAGTTCTTGTGGCAGTAACAGT
GATAGTGGGACATGCCAGAGTCCAAGTTTAGAAGAACCCATGGAGGATGAAAGTGAAATT
GAAGAATTCTACAATGGCTTAGAAGATGAGCCTGATGTTCCAGAGAGAGCTGGAGGAGCT
GGATTTGGGACTGATGGAGATGATCAAGAGGCAATTAATGAAGCTATATCTGTGAAACAG
GAAGTAACAGACATGAACTATCCATCAAACAAATCATAG
GenBank Gene IDAF083106
GeneCard IDNone
GenAtlas IDSIRT1
HGNC IDHGNC:14929
Chromosome Location10
Locus10q21.3
References
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