Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial


NameGlutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial
SynonymsGRX2
Gene NameGLRX2
OrganismHuman
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0004500|Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial
MIWRRAALAGTRLVWSRSGSAGWLDRAAGAAGAAAAAASGMESNTSSSLENLATAPVNQI
QETISDNCVVIFSKTSCSYCTMAKKLFHDMNVNYKVVELDLLEYGNQFQDALYKMTGERT
VPRIFVNGTFIGGATDTHRLHKEGKLLPLVHQCYLKKSKRKEFQ
Number of residues164
Molecular Weight18051.515
Theoretical pI9.49
GO Classification
Functions
    electron carrier activity
    2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding
    protein disulfide isomerase activity
    glutathione disulfide oxidoreductase activity
    protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity
    metal ion binding
    arsenate reductase (glutaredoxin) activity
Processes
    cell redox homeostasis
    DNA protection
    response to redox state
    glutathione metabolic process
    cell differentiation
    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
    response to organic substance
    response to hydrogen peroxide
    protein folding
    apoptotic process
    cellular response to superoxide
    regulation of signal transduction
    response to temperature stimulus
    aging
Components
    nucleoplasm
    mitochondrion
    nucleus
    mitochondrial matrix
    intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
    dendrite
    neuronal cell body
General FunctionProtein disulfide oxidoreductase activity
Specific FunctionGlutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that facilitates the maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis upon induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Involved in response to hydrogen peroxide and regulation of apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. Acts as a very efficient catalyst of monothiol reactions because of its high affinity for protein glutathione-mixed disulfides. Can receive electrons not only from glutathione (GSH), but also from thioredoxin reductase supporting both monothiol and dithiol reactions. Efficiently catalyzes both glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of mitochondrial complex I, which in turn regulates the superoxide production by the complex. Overexpression decreases the susceptibility to apoptosis and prevents loss of cardiolipin and cytochrome c release.
Transmembrane Regions
GenBank Protein ID9507250
UniProtKB IDQ9NS18
UniProtKB Entry NameGLRX2_HUMAN
Cellular LocationMitochondrion
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0011651|Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial (GLRX2)
ATGGAGAGCAATACATCATCATCTTTGGAGAATTTAGCGACGGCGCCTGTGAACCAGATC
CAAGAAACAATTTCTGATAATTGTGTGGTGATTTTCTCAAAAACATCCTGTTCTTACTGT
ACAATGGCAAAAAAGCTTTTCCATGACATGAATGTTAACTATAAAGTGGTGGAACTGGAC
CTGCTTGAATATGGAAACCAGTTCCAAGATGCTCTTTACAAAATGACTGGTGAAAGAACT
GTTCCAAGAATATTTGTCAATGGTACTTTTATTGGAGGTGCAACTGACACTCATAGGCTT
CACAAAGAAGGAAAATTGCTCCCACTAGTTCATCAGTGTTATTTAAAAAAAAGTAAGAGG
AAAGAATTTCAGTGA
GenBank Gene IDAF132495
GeneCard IDNone
GenAtlas IDGLRX2
HGNC IDHGNC:16065
Chromosome Location1
Locus1q31.2-q31.3
References
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  10. Enoksson M, Fernandes AP, Prast S, Lillig CH, Holmgren A, Orrenius S: Overexpression of glutaredoxin 2 attenuates apoptosis by preventing cytochrome c release. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Feb 18;327(3):774-9.[15649413 ]
  11. Lillig CH, Berndt C, Vergnolle O, Lonn ME, Hudemann C, Bill E, Holmgren A: Characterization of human glutaredoxin 2 as iron-sulfur protein: a possible role as redox sensor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 7;102(23):8168-73. Epub 2005 May 25.[15917333 ]
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