ETHYLENE OXIDE
Relevant Data
Food Additives Approved by WHO:
General Information
| Mainterm | ETHYLENE OXIDE |
| Doc Type | ASP |
| CAS Reg.No.(or other ID) | 75-21-8 |
| Regnum |
175.105 176.180 178.3520 176.210 177.2470 172.710 172.808 |
From www.fda.gov
Computed Descriptors
Download SDF| 2D Structure | |
| CID | 6354 |
| IUPAC Name | oxirane |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C2H4O/c1-2-3-1/h1-2H2 |
| InChI Key | IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Canonical SMILES | C1CO1 |
| Molecular Formula | C2H4O |
| Wikipedia | ethylene oxide |
From Pubchem
Computed Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 44.053 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 1 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Complexity | 10.3 |
| CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint | A A A D c Y B A I A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A E g A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A G g A A A A A A A A C g g A I A A A A A B A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A = = |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 12.5 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 44.026 |
| Exact Mass | 44.026 |
| XLogP3 | None |
| XLogP3-AA | -0.1 |
| Compound Is Canonicalized | True |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 3 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
From Pubchem
Food Additives Biosynthesis/Degradation
ADMET Predicted Profile --- Classification
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9843 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.9927 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2+ | 0.6925 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7751 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9770 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9887 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.8536 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Lysosome | 0.6046 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8278 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8788 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7756 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.6504 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8496 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9507 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.7836 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9899 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.9308 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9165 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9732 | |
| AMES Toxicity | AMES toxic | 0.9415 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.6668 |
| Fish Toxicity | Low FHMT | 0.9712 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | Low TPT | 0.8524 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.7481 |
| Biodegradation | Ready biodegradable | 0.8194 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | II | 0.7313 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Warning | 0.5215 |
From admetSAR
ADMET Predicted Profile --- Regression
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | 0.0900 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 1.8709 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 2.7557 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 2.8540 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | -1.2076 | pIGC50, ug/L |
From admetSAR
Toxicity Profile
| Route of Exposure | Inhalation, Dermal |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of Toxicity | Ethylene oxide is an alkylating agent. The addition of alkyl groups to proteins, DNA, and RNA by binding to the sulfhydryl and hydroxyl, amino, and carboxyl groups, prevents normal cellular metabolism and ultimately kills cells. It is likely that the carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide in laboratory animals arises primarily as a result of its direct alkylation of DNA and RNA. In vivo exposure to ethylene oxide induced mutations (5- to 5.6-fold) at the Hprt locus in splenic T-lymphocytes in rats and mice. |
| Metabolism | The metabolism of ethylene oxide is not completely known. Data from animal studies indicate two possible pathways for the metabolism of ethylene oxide: hydrolysis to ethylene glycol and glutathione conjugation to form mercapturic acid and meththio-metabolites. |
| Toxicity Values | Ethylene oxide is toxic by inhalation with an U.S. OSHA permissible exposure limit calculated over 8 hours of 1 ppm, and a short term exposure over 15 minutes of 5 ppm. |
| Lethal Dose | LD50 values are 72 mg/kg (rat, oral) and 187 mg/kg (rat, subcutaneous injection) |
| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | 1, carcinogenic to humans. |
| Minimum Risk Level | <1 ppm |
| Health Effects | At high doses (>200 ppm) ethylene oxide irritates mucous membranes of the nose and throat; higher concentrations cause damage to the trachea and bronchi, progressing into the partial collapse of the lungs. High concentrations can cause pulmonary edema and damage the cardiovascular system. Because the odor threshold for ethylene oxide varies between 250 and 700 ppm, the gas will already be at toxic concentrations when it can be smelled. Ethylene oxide is carcinogenic, mutagenic and an irritant. With chronic low doses, an increased incidence of brain tumors and mononuclear cell leukemia was found in rats that had inhaled ethylene oxide at concentrations of 10, 33, or 100 mL/m3 over a period of two years. Studies of workers exposed to ethylene oxide in ethylene oxide factories or hospital sterilizing rooms have shown an increased incidence of leukemia, stomach cancer, cancer of the pancreas and Hodgkin's disease. |
| Treatment | There is no antidote for ethylene oxide poisoning. Treatment is supportive of respiratory and cardiovascular functions. |
| Reference |
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From T3DB
Taxonomic Classification
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
|---|---|
| Superclass | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
| Class | Epoxides |
| Subclass | Not available |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Epoxides |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Oxacycle - Ether - Oxirane - Dialkyl ether - Organic oxygen compound - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organooxygen compound - Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as epoxides. These are compounds containing a cyclic ether with three ring atoms(one oxygen and two carbon atoms). |
From ClassyFire