GLYCERIN

General Function:

Receptor signaling protein activity

Specific Function:

GTP-binding protein that functions as an allosteric activator of the cholera toxin catalytic subunit, an ADP-ribosyltransferase. Involved in protein trafficking among different compartments. Modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi complex. Deactivation induces the redistribution of the entire Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting a crucial role in protein trafficking. In its GTP-bound form, its triggers the association with coat proteins with the Golgi membrane. The hydrolysis of ARF1-bound GTP, which is mediated by ARFGAPs proteins, is required for dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi membranes and vesicles. The GTP-bound form interacts with PICK1 to limit PICK1-mediated inhibition of Arp2/3 complex activity; the function is linked to AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking, regulation of synaptic plasicity of excitatory synapses and spine shrinkage during long-term depression (LTD).

Gene Name:

ARF1

Uniprot ID:

P84077

Molecular Weight:

20696.62 Da

References

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [10592235 ]

General Function:

Protein homodimerization activity

Specific Function:

Removes terminal alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine residues from glycolipids and glycopeptides. Required for the breakdown of glycolipids.

Gene Name:

NAGA

Uniprot ID:

P17050

Molecular Weight:

46564.15 Da

References

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [10592235 ]

General Function:

Sulfate adenylyltransferase (atp) activity

Specific Function:

Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS: activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferase). In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate; APS appears to be only an intermediate in the sulfate-activation pathway. Also involved in the biosynthesis of sulfated L-selectin ligands in endothelial cells.

Gene Name:

PAPSS1

Uniprot ID:

O43252

Molecular Weight:

70832.725 Da

References

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [10592235 ]

General Function:

Phosphatidylinositol binding

Specific Function:

Intracellular channel that mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum following stimulation by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Involved in the regulation of epithelial secretion of electrolytes and fluid through the interaction with AHCYL1 (By similarity). Plays a role in ER stress-induced apoptosis. Cytoplasmic calcium released from the ER triggers apoptosis by the activation of CaM kinase II, eventually leading to the activation of downstream apoptosis pathways (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ITPR1

Uniprot ID:

Q14643

Molecular Weight:

313926.375 Da

References

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [10592235 ]

General Function:

Inositol-3-phosphate synthase activity

Specific Function:

Key enzyme in myo-inositol biosynthesis pathway that catalyzes the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to 1-myo-inositol 1-phosphate in a NAD-dependent manner. Rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of all inositol-containing compounds.

Gene Name:

ISYNA1

Uniprot ID:

Q9NPH2

Molecular Weight:

61067.285 Da

References

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [10592235 ]

General Function:

Protein homodimerization activity

Specific Function:

Bifunctional enzyme which catalyzes both the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, and the conjugation of glutathione with a wide range of aryl halides and organic isothiocyanates. Also exhibits low glutathione-peroxidase activity towards cumene hydroperoxide.

Gene Name:

HPGDS

Uniprot ID:

O60760

Molecular Weight:

23343.65 Da

References

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]

General Function:

Type iii transforming growth factor beta receptor binding

Specific Function:

Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF-beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR1, the non-promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Transduces the TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes including cell cycle arrest in epithelial and hematopoietic cells, control of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. The formation of the receptor complex composed of 2 TGFBR1 and 2 TGFBR2 molecules symmetrically bound to the cytokine dimer results in the phosphorylation and the activation of TGFRB1 by the constitutively active TGFBR2. Activated TGFBR1 phosphorylates SMAD2 which dissociates from the receptor and interacts with SMAD4. The SMAD2-SMAD4 complex is subsequently translocated to the nucleus where it modulates the transcription of the TGF-beta-regulated genes. This constitutes the canonical SMAD-dependent TGF-beta signaling cascade. Also involved in non-canonical, SMAD-independent TGF-beta signaling pathways.

Gene Name:

TGFBR2

Uniprot ID:

P37173

Molecular Weight:

64567.1 Da

References

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]

General Function:

Trna methyltransferase activity

Specific Function:

Specifically methylates cytosine 38 in the anticodon loop of tRNA(Asp).

Gene Name:

TRDMT1

Uniprot ID:

O14717

Molecular Weight:

44596.17 Da

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Gene Name:

ADH1B

Uniprot ID:

P00325

Molecular Weight:

39854.21 Da

References

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [10592235 ]

General Function:

Small molecule binding

Specific Function:

This protein is, quantitatively, the main protein synthesized and secreted in the endometrium from mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and during the first semester of pregnancy.

Gene Name:

PAEP

Uniprot ID:

P09466

Molecular Weight:

20624.015 Da

References

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [10592235 ]

General Function:

Phospholipase a2 activity

Specific Function:

PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Has a preference for arachidonic-containing phospholipids.

Gene Name:

PLA2G2E

Uniprot ID:

Q9NZK7

Molecular Weight:

15988.525 Da

References

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [10592235 ]

General Function:

S-nitrosoglutathione binding

Specific Function:

Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration.

Gene Name:

GSTP1

Uniprot ID:

P09211

Molecular Weight:

23355.625 Da

References

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand.

Gene Name:

PPARD

Uniprot ID:

Q03181

Molecular Weight:

49902.99 Da

General Function:

Cellulose binding

Specific Function:

The biological conversion of cellulose to glucose generally requires three types of hydrolytic enzymes: (1) Endoglucanases which cut internal beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds; (2) Exocellobiohydrolases that cut the dissaccharide cellobiose from the non-reducing end of the cellulose polymer chain; (3) Beta-1,4-glucosidases which hydrolyze the cellobiose and other short cello-oligosaccharides to glucose.

Gene Name:

celCCG

Uniprot ID:

P37700

Molecular Weight:

79775.34 Da

General Function:

Sequence-specific dna binding

Specific Function:

Member of the two-component regulatory system DctB/DctD involved in the transport of C4-dicarboxylates. When activated by DctB acts in conjunction with sigma-54 to activate the transcription of dctA.

Gene Name:

dctD

Uniprot ID:

P13632

Molecular Weight:

50060.805 Da

General Function:

Iron ion binding

Specific Function:

Diheme, high potential cytochrome c believed to be an intermediate electron donor to terminal oxidation systems.

Gene Name:

cc4

Uniprot ID:

Q52369

Molecular Weight:

21741.505 Da

General Function:

Ferroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Iron-storage protein, whose ferroxidase center binds Fe(2+) ions, oxidizes them by dioxygen to Fe(3+), and participates in the subsequent Fe(3+) oxide mineral core formation within the central cavity of the protein complex.

Gene Name:

bfr

Uniprot ID:

Q93PP9

Molecular Weight:

19881.14 Da

General Function:

Atp binding

Gene Name:

argG

Uniprot ID:

P0A6E4

Molecular Weight:

49898.01 Da

General Function:

Phosphopyruvate hydratase activity

Specific Function:

Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate. It is essential for the degradation of carbohydrates via glycolysis.

Gene Name:

eno

Uniprot ID:

Q8GR70

Molecular Weight:

46410.935 Da

General Function:

Drug transmembrane transporter activity

Specific Function:

The periplasmic linker component of the MexAB-OprM efflux system that confers multidrug resistance. Also functions as the major efflux pump for n-hexane and p-xylene efflux. Over-expression of the pump increases antibiotic and solvent efflux capacities. Required for assembly of the MexA/MexB/OprM complex. Implicated in the secretion of the siderophore pyoverdine.The ability to export antibiotics and solvents is dramatically decreased in the presence of the proton conductor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), showing that an energized inner membrane is required for efflux. It is thought that the MexB subunit is a proton antiporter.

Gene Name:

mexA

Uniprot ID:

P52477

Molecular Weight:

40969.34 Da

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Catalyzes the sequential NAD-dependent oxidations of L-histidinol to L-histidinaldehyde and then to L-histidine.

Gene Name:

hisD

Uniprot ID:

P06988

Molecular Weight:

46109.815 Da

General Function:

Mismatched dna binding

Specific Function:

This protein is involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA. It is required for dam-dependent methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair. May act as a "molecular matchmaker", a protein that promotes the formation of a stable complex between two or more DNA-binding proteins in an ATP-dependent manner without itself being part of the final effector complex. The ATPase activity of MutL is stimulated by DNA.

Gene Name:

mutL

Uniprot ID:

P23367

Molecular Weight:

67923.04 Da

General Function:

Water channel activity

Specific Function:

Transporter of glycerol across the cytoplasmic membrane, with limited permeability to water and small uncharged compounds such as polyols.

Gene Name:

glpF

Uniprot ID:

P0AER0

Molecular Weight:

29779.71 Da

General Function:

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity, thioredoxin disulfide as acceptor

Specific Function:

Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides. R2 contains the tyrosyl radical required for catalysis.

Gene Name:

nrdB

Uniprot ID:

P69924

Molecular Weight:

43516.885 Da

General Function:

Metal ion binding

Specific Function:

Adenine glycosylase active on G-A mispairs. MutY also corrects error-prone DNA synthesis past GO lesions which are due to the oxidatively damaged form of guanine: 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-dGTP).

Gene Name:

mutY

Uniprot ID:

P17802

Molecular Weight:

39148.835 Da