1,4-BUTANEDIAMINE

General Function:

Protein homodimerization activity

Specific Function:

Key enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis that converts ornithine into putrescine, which is the precursor for the polyamines, spermidine and spermine.

Gene Name:

ODC1

Uniprot ID:

P11926

Molecular Weight:

51147.73 Da

References

1. Young GH, Wu VC: KLOTHO methylation is linked to uremic toxins and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2012 Apr;81(7):611-2. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.461. [22419041 ]

General Function:

Putrescine binding

Specific Function:

Essential for biosynthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine. Promotes maintenance and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells, by maintaining spermine levels (By similarity).

Gene Name:

AMD1

Uniprot ID:

P17707

Molecular Weight:

38339.335 Da

References

1. Young GH, Wu VC: KLOTHO methylation is linked to uremic toxins and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2012 Apr;81(7):611-2. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.461. [22419041 ]

General Function:

Receptor signaling protein activity

Specific Function:

Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity. Mediates Ras activation through G(s)-alpha- and cAMP-mediated signaling.

Gene Name:

ADRB1

Uniprot ID:

P08588

Molecular Weight:

51322.1 Da

References

1. Meana C, Bordallo J, Bordallo C, Suarez L, Cantabrana B, Sanchez M: Functional effects of polyamines via activation of human beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors stably expressed in CHO cells. Pharmacol Rep. 2010 Jul-Aug;62(4):696-706. [20885010 ]

General Function:

Protein homodimerization activity

Specific Function:

Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine.

Gene Name:

ADRB2

Uniprot ID:

P07550

Molecular Weight:

46458.32 Da

References

1. Meana C, Bordallo J, Bordallo C, Suarez L, Cantabrana B, Sanchez M: Functional effects of polyamines via activation of human beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors stably expressed in CHO cells. Pharmacol Rep. 2010 Jul-Aug;62(4):696-706. [20885010 ]

General Function:

Vitamin d binding

Specific Function:

May have weak glycosidase activity towards glucuronylated steroids. However, it lacks essential active site Glu residues at positions 239 and 872, suggesting it may be inactive as a glycosidase in vivo. May be involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis by inhibiting the synthesis of active vitamin D (By similarity). Essential factor for the specific interaction between FGF23 and FGFR1 (By similarity).The Klotho peptide generated by cleavage of the membrane-bound isoform may be an anti-aging circulating hormone which would extend life span by inhibiting insulin/IGF1 signaling.

Gene Name:

KL

Uniprot ID:

Q9UEF7

Molecular Weight:

116179.815 Da

References

1. Young GH, Wu VC: KLOTHO methylation is linked to uremic toxins and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2012 Apr;81(7):611-2. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.461. [22419041 ]

General Function:

Superoxide-generating nadph oxidase activity

Specific Function:

Constitutive NADPH oxidase which generates superoxide intracellularly upon formation of a complex with CYBA/p22phox. Regulates signaling cascades probably through phosphatases inhibition. May function as an oxygen sensor regulating the KCNK3/TASK-1 potassium channel and HIF1A activity. May regulate insulin signaling cascade. May play a role in apoptosis, bone resorption and lipolysaccharide-mediated activation of NFKB. May produce superoxide in the nucleus and play a role in regulating gene expression upon cell stimulation. Isoform 3 is not functional. Isoform 5 and isoform 6 display reduced activity.Isoform 4: Involved in redox signaling in vascular cells. Constitutively and NADPH-dependently generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Modulates the nuclear activation of ERK1/2 and the ELK1 transcription factor, and is capable of inducing nuclear DNA damage. Displays an increased activity relative to isoform 1.

Gene Name:

NOX4

Uniprot ID:

Q9NPH5

Molecular Weight:

66930.995 Da

References

1. Young GH, Wu VC: KLOTHO methylation is linked to uremic toxins and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2012 Apr;81(7):611-2. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.461. [22419041 ]

General Function:

Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity

Specific Function:

Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenadine. Transports benzylpenicillin (PCG), estrone-3-sulfate (E1S), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), p-amino-hippurate (PAH), acyclovir (ACV) and ochratoxin (OTA).

Gene Name:

SLC22A8

Uniprot ID:

Q8TCC7

Molecular Weight:

59855.585 Da

References

1. Young GH, Wu VC: KLOTHO methylation is linked to uremic toxins and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2012 Apr;81(7):611-2. doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.461. [22419041 ]

General Function:

Putrescine-importing atpase activity

Specific Function:

Required for the activity of the bacterial periplasmic transport system of putrescine. Polyamine binding protein.

Gene Name:

potF

Uniprot ID:

P31133

Molecular Weight:

40839.305 Da