MALEIC ACID

General Function:

Pyridoxal phosphate binding

Specific Function:

Biosynthesis of L-glutamate from L-aspartate or L-cysteine. Important regulator of levels of glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system. Acts as a scavenger of glutamate in brain neuroprotection. The aspartate aminotransferase activity is involved in hepatic glucose synthesis during development and in adipocyte glyceroneogenesis. Using L-cysteine as substrate, regulates levels of mercaptopyruvate, an important source of hydrogen sulfide. Mercaptopyruvate is converted into H(2)S via the action of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST). Hydrogen sulfide is an important synaptic modulator and neuroprotectant in the brain.

Gene Name:

GOT1

Uniprot ID:

P17174

Molecular Weight:

46247.14 Da

References

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [10592235 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3 and ZIPK/DAPK3.

Gene Name:

AR

Uniprot ID:

P10275

Molecular Weight:

98987.9 Da

References

1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]

General Function:

Pyridoxal phosphate binding

Gene Name:

aspC

Uniprot ID:

P00509

Molecular Weight:

43572.965 Da

General Function:

Trypanothione-disulfide reductase activity

Specific Function:

Trypanothione is the parasite analog of glutathione; this enzyme is the equivalent of glutathione reductase.

Gene Name:

TPR

Uniprot ID:

P28593

Molecular Weight:

53867.475 Da

General Function:

Pyridoxal phosphate binding

Gene Name:

aspC

Uniprot ID:

Q56232

Molecular Weight:

42050.62 Da

General Function:

Pyridoxal phosphate binding

Specific Function:

Shows activities toward both dicarboxylic and aromatic substrates.

Gene Name:

tyrB

Uniprot ID:

P95468

Molecular Weight:

42731.635 Da