FORMALDEHYDE
General Information
| Mainterm | FORMALDEHYDE |
| Doc Type | ASP |
| CAS Reg.No.(or other ID) | 50-00-0 |
| Regnum |
175.105 175.300 176.170 176.180 177.1200 176.200 175.210 177.2410 178.3120 173.340 573.460 |
From www.fda.gov
Toxicity Profile
| Route of Exposure | Oral ; inhalation ; dermal |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of Toxicity | It is likely that formaldehyde toxicity occurs when intracellular levels saturate formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity, allowing the unmetabolized intact molecule to exert its effects. Formaldehyde is known to form cross links between protein and DNA and undergo metabolic incorporation into macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins). |
| Metabolism | Formaldehyde may be absorbed following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure. It is an essential metabolic intermediate in all cells and is produced during the normal metabolism of serine, glycine, methionine, and choline and also by the demethylation of N-, S-, and O-methyl compounds. Exogenous formaldehyde is metabolized to formate by the enzyme formaldehyde dehydrogenase at the initial site of contact. After oxidation of formaldehyde to formate, the carbon atom is further oxidized to carbon dioxide or incorporated into purines, thymidine, and amino acids via tetrahydrofolatedependent one-carbon biosynthetic pathways. Formaldehyde is not stored in the body and is excreted in the urine (primarily as formic acid), incorporated into other cellular molecules, or exhaled as carbon dioxide. |
| Toxicity Values | LD50: 300 mg/kg (Subcutaneous, Mouse) LD50: 42 mg/kg (Oral, Mouse) LD50: 87 mg/kg (Intravenous, Rat) LD50: 16 mg/kg (Intraperitoneal, Mouse) LC50: 0.414 mg/L over 4 hours (Inhalation, Mouse) |
| Lethal Dose | |
| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | 1, carcinogenic to humans. |
| Minimum Risk Level | Acute Inhalation: 0.04 ppm Intermediate Inhalation: 0.03 ppm Chronic Inhalation: 0.008 ppm Intermediate Oral: 0.3 mg/kg/day Chronic Oral: 0.2 mg/kg/day |
| Health Effects | Drinking large amounts of formaldehyde can cause severe pain, vomiting, coma, and possible death. Formaldehyde is also a known human carcinogen. (L962) |
| Treatment | |
| Reference |
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From T3DB
Targets
- General Function:
- Temperature-gated cation channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of pain and possibly also in cold perception and inner ear function (PubMed:25389312, PubMed:25855297). Has a central role in the pain response to endogenous inflammatory mediators and to a diverse array of volatile irritants, such as mustard oil, cinnamaldehyde, garlic and acrolein, an irritant from tears gas and vehicule exhaust fumes (PubMed:25389312, PubMed:20547126). Is also activated by menthol (in vitro)(PubMed:25389312). Acts also as a ionotropic cannabinoid receptor by being activated by delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of marijuana (PubMed:25389312). May be a component for the mechanosensitive transduction channel of hair cells in inner ear, thereby participating in the perception of sounds. Probably operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system (By similarity).
- Gene Name:
- TRPA1
- Uniprot ID:
- O75762
- Molecular Weight:
- 127499.88 Da
References
- Nilius B, Prenen J, Owsianik G: Irritating channels: the case of TRPA1. J Physiol. 2011 Apr 1;589(Pt 7):1543-9. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2010.200717. Epub 2010 Nov 15. [21078588 ]
- General Function:
- Serine-type d-ala-d-ala carboxypeptidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Catalyzes distinct carboxypeptidation and transpeptidation reactions during the last stages of wall peptidoglycan synthesis. Mistaking a beta-lactam antibiotic molecule for a normal substrate (i.e. a D-alanyl-D-alanine-terminated peptide), it becomes immobilized in the form of a long-lived, serine-ester-linked acyl enzyme and thus behave as penicillin-binding protein (PBP).
- Uniprot ID:
- P15555
- Molecular Weight:
- 42916.725 Da
From T3DB