GLYCINE
Relevant Data
Food Additives Approved by WHO:
Flavouring Substances Approved by European Union:
General Information
| Mainterm | GLYCINE |
| Doc Type | ASP |
| CAS Reg.No.(or other ID) | 56-40-6 |
| Regnum |
172.320 170.50 172.812 |
From www.fda.gov
Computed Descriptors
Download SDF| 2D Structure | |
| CID | 750 |
| IUPAC Name | 2-aminoacetic acid |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5) |
| InChI Key | DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Canonical SMILES | C(C(=O)O)N |
| Molecular Formula | C2H5NO2 |
| Wikipedia | glycine |
From Pubchem
Computed Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 75.067 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 3 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 1 |
| Complexity | 42.9 |
| CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint | A A A D c Y B C M A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A H g A Q C A A A A A D B g A Q A C A B A A g A I A A C Q C A A A A A A A A A A A A I C A A A A C A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A = = |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 63.3 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 75.032 |
| Exact Mass | 75.032 |
| Compound Is Canonicalized | True |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 5 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
From Pubchem
Food Additives Biosynthesis/Degradation
ADMET Predicted Profile --- Classification
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.5728 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.9156 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2- | 0.7533 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7821 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9841 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9794 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.9436 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Lysosome | 0.6944 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8833 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8526 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8432 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9628 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9738 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9750 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9730 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9405 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.9871 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9611 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9556 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.9133 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.6261 |
| Fish Toxicity | Low FHMT | 0.8475 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | Low TPT | 0.9942 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | Low HBT | 0.5442 |
| Biodegradation | Ready biodegradable | 0.9289 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | IV | 0.6276 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.5003 |
From admetSAR
ADMET Predicted Profile --- Regression
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | 0.4676 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 0.3913 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 1.0076 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 2.9914 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | -1.2750 | pIGC50, ug/L |
From admetSAR
Toxicity Profile
| Route of Exposure | Absorbed from the small intestine via an active transport mechanism. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of Toxicity | In the CNS, there exist strychnine-sensitive glycine binding sites as well as strychnine-insensitive glycine binding sites. The strychnine-insensitive glycine-binding site is located on the NMDA receptor complex. The strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor complex is comprised of a chloride channel and is a member of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. The putative antispastic activity of supplemental glycine could be mediated by glycine's binding to strychnine-sensitive binding sites in the spinal cord. This would result in increased chloride conductance and consequent enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission. The ability of glycine to potentiate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission raised the possibility of its use in the management of neuroleptic-resistant negative symptoms in schizophrenia. <br/>Animal studies indicate that supplemental glycine protects against endotoxin-induced lethality, hypoxia-reperfusion injury after liver transplantation, and D-galactosamine-mediated liver injury. Neutrophils are thought to participate in these pathologic processes via invasion of tissue and releasing such reactive oxygen species as superoxide. In vitro studies have shown that neutrophils contain a glycine-gated chloride channel that can attenuate increases in intracellular calcium and diminsh neutrophil oxidant production. This research is ealy-stage, but suggests that supplementary glycine may turn out to be useful in processes where neutrophil infiltration contributes to toxicity, such as ARDS. |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Toxicity Values | ORL-RAT LD<sub>50</sub> 7930 mg/kg, SCU-RAT LD<sub>50</sub> 5200 mg/kg, IVN-RAT LD<sub>50</sub> 2600 mg/kg, ORL-MUS LD<sub>50</sub> 4920 mg/kg |
| Lethal Dose | None |
| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| Minimum Risk Level | None |
| Health Effects | Chronically high levels of glycine are associated with at least 12 inborn errors of metabolism including: Citrullinemia Type I, Hyperglycinemia, non-ketotic, Hyperprolinemia Type I, Hyperprolinemia Type II, Iminoglycinuria, Isovaleric Aciduria, Malonic Aciduria, Methylmalonic Aciduria, Methylmalonic Aciduria Due to Cobalamin-Related Disorders, Non Ketotic Hyperglycinemeia, Prolinemia Type II, Propionic academia and Short Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SCAD Deficiency). |
| Treatment | None |
| Reference |
|
From T3DB
Taxonomic Classification
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
|---|---|
| Superclass | Organic acids and derivatives |
| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
| Subclass | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Amino acids and derivatives - Alpha amino acids and derivatives |
| Direct Parent | Alpha amino acids |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Alpha-amino acid - Amino acid - Carboxylic acid - Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives - Organic nitrogen compound - Organic oxide - Hydrocarbon derivative - Primary amine - Organooxygen compound - Organonitrogen compound - Organopnictogen compound - Primary aliphatic amine - Organic oxygen compound - Carbonyl group - Amine - Aliphatic acyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). |
From ClassyFire
Targets
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Activation requires binding of agonist to both types of subunits.
- Gene Name:
- GRIN2A
- Uniprot ID:
- Q12879
- Molecular Weight:
- 165281.215 Da
References
- Gabra BH, Kessler FK, Ritter JK, Dewey WL, Smith FL: Decrease in N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-NR2B subunit levels by intrathecal short-hairpin RNA blocks group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated hyperalgesia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jul;322(1):186-94. Epub 2007 Apr 3. [17405869 ]
- General Function:
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Gene Name:
- ALAS2
- Uniprot ID:
- P22557
- Molecular Weight:
- 64632.86 Da
References
- Munakata H, Yamagami T, Nagai T, Yamamoto M, Hayashi N: Purification and structure of rat erythroid-specific delta-aminolevulinate synthase. J Biochem. 1993 Jul;114(1):103-11. [8407861 ]
- General Function:
- Nmda glutamate receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine.
- Gene Name:
- GRIN2C
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14957
- Molecular Weight:
- 134207.77 Da
References
- Malayev A, Gibbs TT, Farb DH: Inhibition of the NMDA response by pregnenolone sulphate reveals subtype selective modulation of NMDA receptors by sulphated steroids. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Feb;135(4):901-9. [11861317 ]
- General Function:
- Protein dimerization activity
- Specific Function:
- Catalyzes the attachment of glycine to tRNA(Gly). Is also able produce diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a universal pleiotropic signaling molecule needed for cell regulation pathways, by direct condensation of 2 ATPs.
- Gene Name:
- GARS
- Uniprot ID:
- P41250
- Molecular Weight:
- 83164.83 Da
References
- Antonellis A, Lee-Lin SQ, Wasterlain A, Leo P, Quezado M, Goldfarb LG, Myung K, Burgess S, Fischbeck KH, Green ED: Functional analyses of glycyl-tRNA synthetase mutations suggest a key role for tRNA-charging enzymes in peripheral axons. J Neurosci. 2006 Oct 11;26(41):10397-406. [17035524 ]
- General Function:
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific Function:
- Interconversion of serine and glycine.
- Uniprot ID:
- Q53ET4
- Molecular Weight:
- 55973.345 Da
References
- Kon K, Ikejima K, Okumura K, Aoyama T, Arai K, Takei Y, Lemasters JJ, Sato N: Role of apoptosis in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Jun;22 Suppl 1:S49-52. [17567465 ]
- General Function:
- Serine binding
- Specific Function:
- Interconversion of serine and glycine.
- Gene Name:
- SHMT1
- Uniprot ID:
- P34896
- Molecular Weight:
- 53082.18 Da
References
- Gagnon D, Foucher A, Girard I, Ouellette M: Stage specific gene expression and cellular localization of two isoforms of the serine hydroxymethyltransferase in the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2006 Nov;150(1):63-71. Epub 2006 Jul 13. [16876889 ]
- General Function:
- Neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function:
- Terminates the action of glycine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. May play a role in regulation of glycine levels in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission.
- Gene Name:
- SLC6A9
- Uniprot ID:
- P48067
- Molecular Weight:
- 78259.625 Da
References
- Raiteri L, Stigliani S, Usai C, Diaspro A, Paluzzi S, Milanese M, Raiteri M, Bonanno G: Functional expression of release-regulating glycine transporters GLYT1 on GABAergic neurons and GLYT2 on astrocytes in mouse spinal cord. Neurochem Int. 2008 Jan;52(1-2):103-12. Epub 2007 May 16. [17597258 ]
- General Function:
- Very long chain acyl-coa hydrolase activity
- Specific Function:
- Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile acids, or both. The conjugation increases the detergent properties of bile acids in the intestine, which facilitates lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In turn, bile acids are deconjugated by bacteria in the intestine and are recycled back to the liver for reconjugation (secondary bile acids). May also act as an acyl-CoA thioesterase that regulates intracellular levels of free fatty acids. In vitro, catalyzes the hydrolysis of long- and very long-chain saturated acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), and conjugates glycine to these acyl-CoAs.
- Gene Name:
- BAAT
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14032
- Molecular Weight:
- 46298.865 Da
References
- Nakamura K, Morrison SF: Central efferent pathways mediating skin cooling-evoked sympathetic thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Jan;292(1):R127-36. Epub 2006 Aug 24. [16931649 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine n-methyltransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Catalyzes the methylation of glycine by using S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to form N-methylglycine (sarcosine) with the concomitant production of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). Possible crucial role in the regulation of tissue concentration of AdoMet and of metabolism of methionine.
- Gene Name:
- GNMT
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14749
- Molecular Weight:
- 32742.0 Da
References
- Velichkova P, Himo F: Methyl transfer in glycine N-methyltransferase. A theoretical study. J Phys Chem B. 2005 Apr 28;109(16):8216-9. [16851960 ]
- General Function:
- Lyase activity
- Specific Function:
- The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The P protein (GLDC) binds the alpha-amino group of glycine through its pyridoxal phosphate cofactor; CO(2) is released and the remaining methylamine moiety is then transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the H protein (GCSH).
- Gene Name:
- GLDC
- Uniprot ID:
- P23378
- Molecular Weight:
- 112728.805 Da
References
- Engel N, van den Daele K, Kolukisaoglu U, Morgenthal K, Weckwerth W, Parnik T, Keerberg O, Bauwe H: Deletion of glycine decarboxylase in Arabidopsis is lethal under nonphotorespiratory conditions. Plant Physiol. 2007 Jul;144(3):1328-35. Epub 2007 May 11. [17496108 ]
- General Function:
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function:
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name:
- GLRA2
- Uniprot ID:
- P23416
- Molecular Weight:
- 52001.585 Da
References
- Qi Z, Stephens NR, Spalding EP: Calcium entry mediated by GLR3.3, an Arabidopsis glutamate receptor with a broad agonist profile. Plant Physiol. 2006 Nov;142(3):963-71. Epub 2006 Sep 29. [17012403 ]
- General Function:
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific Function:
- Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Required to prevent uracil accumulation in mtDNA. Interconversion of serine and glycine. Associates with mitochondrial DNA.
- Gene Name:
- SHMT2
- Uniprot ID:
- P34897
- Molecular Weight:
- 55992.385 Da
References
- Gagnon D, Foucher A, Girard I, Ouellette M: Stage specific gene expression and cellular localization of two isoforms of the serine hydroxymethyltransferase in the protozoan parasite Leishmania. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2006 Nov;150(1):63-71. Epub 2006 Jul 13. [16876889 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function:
- Involved in the uptake of GABA and glycine into the synaptic vesicles.
- Gene Name:
- SLC32A1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9H598
- Molecular Weight:
- 57414.58 Da
References
- Uchigashima M, Fukaya M, Watanabe M, Kamiya H: Evidence against GABA release from glutamatergic mossy fiber terminals in the developing hippocampus. J Neurosci. 2007 Jul 25;27(30):8088-100. [17652600 ]
- General Function:
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Gene Name:
- ALAS1
- Uniprot ID:
- P13196
- Molecular Weight:
- 70580.325 Da
References
- He XM, Zhou J, Cheng Y, Fan J: [Purification and production of the extracellular 5-aminolevulinate from recombiniant Escherichia coli expressing yeast ALAS]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2007 May;23(3):520-4. [17578005 ]
- General Function:
- Transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
- Specific Function:
- Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers an acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine and glutamine, although much less efficiently. Can conjugate numerous substrates to form a variety of N-acylglycines, with a preference for benzoyl-CoA over phenylacetyl-CoA as acyl donors. Thereby detoxify xenobiotics, such as benzoic acid or salicylic acid, and endogenous organic acids, such as isovaleric acid.
- Gene Name:
- GLYAT
- Uniprot ID:
- Q6IB77
- Molecular Weight:
- 33923.995 Da
References
- Zhou CX, Gao Y: Frequent genetic alterations and reduced expression of the Axin1 gene in oral squamous cell carcinoma: involvement in tumor progression and metastasis. Oncol Rep. 2007 Jan;17(1):73-9. [17143481 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine n-acyltransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Acyltransferase which transfers an acyl group to the N-terminus of glutamine. Can use phenylacetyl-CoA as an acyl donor.
- Gene Name:
- GLYATL1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q969I3
- Molecular Weight:
- 35100.895 Da
References
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine n-acyltransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine. Conjugates numerous substrates, such as arachidonoyl-CoA and saturated medium and long-chain acyl-CoAs ranging from chain-length C8:0-CoA to C18:0-CoA, to form a variety of N-acylglycines. Shows a preference for monounsaturated fatty acid oleoyl-CoA (C18:1-CoA) as an acyl donor. Does not exhibit any activity toward C22:6-CoA and chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA, nor toward serine or alanine.
- Gene Name:
- GLYATL2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q8WU03
- Molecular Weight:
- 34277.055 Da
References
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine amidinotransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Catalyzes the biosynthesis of guanidinoacetate, the immediate precursor of creatine. Creatine plays a vital role in energy metabolism in muscle tissues. May play a role in embryonic and central nervous system development. May be involved in the response to heart failure by elevating local creatine synthesis.
- Gene Name:
- GATM
- Uniprot ID:
- P50440
- Molecular Weight:
- 48455.01 Da
References
- Dutta U, Cohenford MA, Guha M, Dain JA: Non-enzymatic interactions of glyoxylate with lysine, arginine, and glucosamine: a study of advanced non-enzymatic glycation like compounds. Bioorg Chem. 2007 Feb;35(1):11-24. Epub 2006 Sep 12. [16970975 ]
- General Function:
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function:
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name:
- GLRA1
- Uniprot ID:
- P23415
- Molecular Weight:
- 52623.35 Da
References
- Eulenburg V, Becker K, Gomeza J, Schmitt B, Becker CM, Betz H: Mutations within the human GLYT2 (SLC6A5) gene associated with hyperekplexia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 22;348(2):400-5. Epub 2006 Jul 26. [16884688 ]
- General Function:
- Transmitter-gated ion channel activity
- Specific Function:
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name:
- GLRA3
- Uniprot ID:
- O75311
- Molecular Weight:
- 53799.775 Da
References
- Majumdar S, Heinze L, Haverkamp S, Ivanova E, Wassle H: Glycine receptors of A-type ganglion cells of the mouse retina. Vis Neurosci. 2007 Jul-Aug;24(4):471-87. Epub 2007 May 29. [17550639 ]
- General Function:
- G-protein coupled receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for N-arachidonyl glycine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. May contribute to regulation of the immune system.
- Gene Name:
- GPR18
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14330
- Molecular Weight:
- 38133.27 Da
References
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
- General Function:
- Sarcosine oxidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Metabolizes sarcosine, L-pipecolic acid and L-proline.
- Gene Name:
- PIPOX
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9P0Z9
- Molecular Weight:
- 44065.515 Da
References
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]
- General Function:
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Gene Name:
- GCAT
- Uniprot ID:
- O75600
- Molecular Weight:
- 45284.6 Da
References
- Bashir Q, Rashid N, Akhtar M: Mechanism and substrate stereochemistry of 2-amino-3-oxobutyrate CoA ligase: implications for 5-aminolevulinate synthase and related enzymes. Chem Commun (Camb). 2006 Dec 28;(48):5065-7. Epub 2006 Oct 13. [17146529 ]
- General Function:
- Nmda glutamate receptor activity
- Specific Function:
- NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine.
- Gene Name:
- GRIN3B
- Uniprot ID:
- O60391
- Molecular Weight:
- 112990.98 Da
References
- Smothers CT, Woodward JJ: Pharmacological characterization of glycine-activated currents in HEK 293 cells expressing N-methyl-D-aspartate NR1 and NR3 subunits. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Aug;322(2):739-48. Epub 2007 May 14. [17502428 ]
- General Function:
- Aminomethyltransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The H protein (GCSH) shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein (GLDC) to the T protein (GCST).
- Gene Name:
- GCSH
- Uniprot ID:
- P23434
- Molecular Weight:
- 18884.37 Da
References
- Kanno J, Hutchin T, Kamada F, Narisawa A, Aoki Y, Matsubara Y, Kure S: Genomic deletion within GLDC is a major cause of non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia. J Med Genet. 2007 Mar;44(3):e69. [17361008 ]
- General Function:
- Glycine binding
- Specific Function:
- The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).
- Gene Name:
- GLRB
- Uniprot ID:
- P48167
- Molecular Weight:
- 56121.62 Da
References
- Eulenburg V, Becker K, Gomeza J, Schmitt B, Becker CM, Betz H: Mutations within the human GLYT2 (SLC6A5) gene associated with hyperekplexia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 22;348(2):400-5. Epub 2006 Jul 26. [16884688 ]
- General Function:
- Neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
- Specific Function:
- Terminates the action of glycine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. May be responsible for the termination of neurotransmission at strychnine-sensitive glycinergic synapses.
- Gene Name:
- SLC6A5
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9Y345
- Molecular Weight:
- 87433.13 Da
References
- Eulenburg V, Becker K, Gomeza J, Schmitt B, Becker CM, Betz H: Mutations within the human GLYT2 (SLC6A5) gene associated with hyperekplexia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Sep 22;348(2):400-5. Epub 2006 Jul 26. [16884688 ]
- General Function:
- L-proline transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function:
- Neutral amino acid/proton symporter. Has a pH-dependent electrogenic transport activity for small amino acids such as glycine, alanine and proline. Besides small apolar L-amino acids, it also recognize their D-enantiomers and selected amino acid derivatives such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (By similarity).
- Gene Name:
- SLC36A1
- Uniprot ID:
- Q7Z2H8
- Molecular Weight:
- 53075.045 Da
References
- Thondorf I, Voigt V, Schafer S, Gebauer S, Zebisch K, Laug L, Brandsch M: Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of substrates of the human proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (hPAT1). Bioorg Med Chem. 2011 Nov 1;19(21):6409-18. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.058. Epub 2011 Sep 5. [21955456 ]
- General Function:
- Protein homodimerization activity
- Gene Name:
- GSS
- Uniprot ID:
- P48637
- Molecular Weight:
- 52384.325 Da
References
- Janaky R, Dohovics R, Saransaari P, Oja SS: Modulation of [3H]dopamine release by glutathione in mouse striatal slices. Neurochem Res. 2007 Aug;32(8):1357-64. Epub 2007 Mar 31. [17401648 ]
- General Function:
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific Function:
- Can metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) via transamination to alpha-keto-delta-(NN-dimethylguanidino) valeric acid (DMGV). ADMA is a potent inhibitor of nitric-oxide (NO) synthase, and this activity provides mechanism through which the kidney regulates blood pressure.
- Gene Name:
- AGXT2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9BYV1
- Molecular Weight:
- 57155.905 Da
References
- Takada Y, Mori T, Noguchi T: The effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase isoenzymes in rat liver. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1984 Feb 15;229(1):1-6. [6703688 ]
- General Function:
- Transaminase activity
- Gene Name:
- AGXT
- Uniprot ID:
- P21549
- Molecular Weight:
- 43009.535 Da
References
- Lu TC, Ko YZ, Huang HW, Hung YC, Lin YC, Peng WH: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract from Glycine tomentella root in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Aug 15;113(1):142-8. Epub 2007 May 31. [17616291 ]
From T3DB