ZINC

General Function:

Metal ion binding

Specific Function:

Catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA) to produce acetate and L-aspartate. NAA occurs in high concentration in brain and its hydrolysis NAA plays a significant part in the maintenance of intact white matter. In other tissues it act as a scavenger of NAA from body fluids.

Gene Name:

ASPA

Uniprot ID:

P45381

Molecular Weight:

35734.79 Da

References

1. Bitto E, Bingman CA, Wesenberg GE, McCoy JG, Phillips GN Jr: Structure of aspartoacylase, the brain enzyme impaired in Canavan disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 9;104(2):456-61. Epub 2006 Dec 28. [17194761 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.

Gene Name:

MT1A

Uniprot ID:

P04731

Molecular Weight:

6120.19 Da

References

1. Aravindakumar CT, Ceulemans J, De Ley M: Nitric oxide induces Zn2+ release from metallothionein by destroying zinc-sulphur clusters without concomitant formation of S-nitrosothiol. Biochem J. 1999 Nov 15;344 Pt 1:253-8. [10548558 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.

Gene Name:

MT2A

Uniprot ID:

P02795

Molecular Weight:

6042.05 Da

References

1. Yang F, Zhou M, He Z, Liu X, Sun L, Sun Y, Chen Z: High-yield expression in Escherichia coli of soluble human MT2A with native functions. Protein Expr Purif. 2007 May;53(1):186-94. Epub 2006 Dec 15. [17224279 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Induces CD27-mediated apoptosis. Inhibits BCL2L1 isoform Bcl-x(L) anti-apoptotic activity. Inhibits activation of NF-kappa-B and promotes T-cell receptor-mediated apoptosis.

Gene Name:

SIVA1

Uniprot ID:

O15304

Molecular Weight:

18694.45 Da

References

1. Nestler M, Martin U, Hortschansky P, Saluz HP, Henke A, Munder T: The zinc containing pro-apoptotic protein siva interacts with the peroxisomal membrane protein pmp22. Mol Cell Biochem. 2006 Jul;287(1-2):147-55. Epub 2006 May 9. [16683188 ]

General Function:

Peptide binding

Specific Function:

This is a receptor for bradykinin. Could be a factor in chronic pain and inflammation.

Gene Name:

BDKRB1

Uniprot ID:

P46663

Molecular Weight:

40494.29 Da

References

1. Ignjatovic T, Tan F, Brovkovych V, Skidgel RA, Erdos EG: Novel mode of action of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors: direct activation of bradykinin B1 receptor. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 10;277(19):16847-52. Epub 2002 Mar 5. [11880373 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity towards IGBP1, promoting its monoubiquitination, which results in deprotection of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase PP2A, and its subsequent degradation by polyubiquitination.

Gene Name:

MID1

Uniprot ID:

O15344

Molecular Weight:

75249.94 Da

References

1. Massiah MA, Simmons BN, Short KM, Cox TC: Solution structure of the RBCC/TRIM B-box1 domain of human MID1: B-box with a RING. J Mol Biol. 2006 Apr 28;358(2):532-45. Epub 2006 Feb 20. [16529770 ]

General Function:

Transcription factor binding

Specific Function:

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Also involved in the deacetylation of cohesin complex protein SMC3 regulating release of cohesin complexes from chromatin. May play a role in smooth muscle cell contractility.

Gene Name:

HDAC8

Uniprot ID:

Q9BY41

Molecular Weight:

41757.29 Da

References

1. Gantt SL, Gattis SG, Fierke CA: Catalytic activity and inhibition of human histone deacetylase 8 is dependent on the identity of the active site metal ion. Biochemistry. 2006 May 16;45(19):6170-8. [16681389 ]

General Function:

Interleukin-3 receptor binding

Specific Function:

Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages.This CSF induces granulocytes, macrophages, mast cells, stem cells, erythroid cells, eosinophils and megakaryocytes.

Gene Name:

IL3

Uniprot ID:

P08700

Molecular Weight:

17232.905 Da

References

1. Smit V, van Veelen PA, Tjaden UR, van der Greef J, Haaijman JJ: Human interleukin-3 contains a discontinuous zinc binding domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Sep 16;187(2):859-66. [1530641 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

May play a scavenger role by digesting biologically active peptidoglycan (PGN) into biologically inactive fragments. Has no direct bacteriolytic activity.

Gene Name:

PGLYRP2

Uniprot ID:

Q96PD5

Molecular Weight:

62216.365 Da

References

1. Wang ZM, Li X, Cocklin RR, Wang M, Wang M, Fukase K, Inamura S, Kusumoto S, Gupta D, Dziarski R: Human peptidoglycan recognition protein-L is an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 5;278(49):49044-52. Epub 2003 Sep 23. [14506276 ]

General Function:

Protein dimerization activity

Specific Function:

Calcium-binding protein required for T-cell receptor-, Fas-, and glucocorticoid-induced cell death. May mediate Ca(2+)-regulated signals along the death pathway (By similarity). Calcium-dependent adapter necessary for the association between PDCD6IP and TSG101. Interaction with DAPK1 can accelerate apoptotic cell death by increasing caspase-3 activity. May inhibit KDR/VEGFR2-dependent angiogenesis; the function involves inhibition of VEGF-induced phosphoprylation of the Akt signaling pathway. Seems to play a role in the regulation of the distribution and function of MCOLN1 in the endosomal pathway. Isoform 2 has a lower Ca(2+) affinity than isoform 1. Isoform 1 and, to a lesser extend, isoform 2, can stabilize SHISA5.

Gene Name:

PDCD6

Uniprot ID:

O75340

Molecular Weight:

21868.32 Da

References

1. Suzuki H, Kawasaki M, Kakiuchi T, Shibata H, Wakatsuki S, Maki M: Crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of N-terminally truncated human ALG-2. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2008 Nov 1;64(Pt 11):974-7. doi: 10.1107/S1744309108030297. Epub 2008 Oct 31. [18997320 ]

General Function:

Identical protein binding

Specific Function:

May function as calcium sensor and modulator, contributing to cellular calcium signaling. May function by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and indirectly play a role in many physiological processes. May also play a role in suppressing tumor cell growth.

Gene Name:

S100A2

Uniprot ID:

P29034

Molecular Weight:

11116.695 Da

References

1. Koch M, Bhattacharya S, Kehl T, Gimona M, Vasak M, Chazin W, Heizmann CW, Kroneck PM, Fritz G: Implications on zinc binding to S100A2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Mar;1773(3):457-70. Epub 2006 Dec 19. [17239974 ]

General Function:

Structural molecule activity

Specific Function:

Predominant protein in semen. It participates in the formation of a gel matrix entrapping the accessory gland secretions and ejaculated spermatozoa. Fragments of semenogelin and/or fragments of the related proteins may contribute to the activation of progressive sperm movements as the gel-forming proteins are fragmented by KLK3/PSA.Alpha-inhibin-92 and alpha-inhibin-31, derived from the proteolytic degradation of semenogelin, inhibit the secretion of pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone.

Gene Name:

SEMG1

Uniprot ID:

P04279

Molecular Weight:

52130.885 Da

References

1. Jonsson M, Lundwall A, Linse S, Frohm B, Malm J: Truncated semenogelin I binds zinc and is cleaved by prostate-specific antigen. J Androl. 2006 Jul-Aug;27(4):542-7. Epub 2006 Apr 1. [16582407 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Binds heavy metals. Contains three zinc and three copper atoms per polypeptide chain and only a negligible amount of cadmium. Inhibits survival and neurite formation of cortical neurons in vitro.

Gene Name:

MT3

Uniprot ID:

P25713

Molecular Weight:

6926.855 Da

References

1. Eriste E, Kruusel K, Palumaa P, Jornvall H, Sillard R: Purification of recombinant human apometallothionein-3 and reconstitution with zinc. Protein Expr Purif. 2003 Sep;31(1):161-5. [12963354 ]

General Function:

Transition metal ion binding

Specific Function:

Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis-inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits G(o) alpha ATPase activity (By similarity). Acts as a kinesin I membrane receptor, mediating the axonal transport of beta-secretase and presenilin 1. Involved in copper homeostasis/oxidative stress through copper ion reduction. In vitro, copper-metallated APP induces neuronal death directly or is potentiated through Cu(2+)-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I and IV. The splice isoforms that contain the BPTI domain possess protease inhibitor activity. Induces a AGER-dependent pathway that involves activation of p38 MAPK, resulting in internalization of amyloid-beta peptide and leading to mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured cortical neurons. Provides Cu(2+) ions for GPC1 which are required for release of nitric oxide (NO) and subsequent degradation of the heparan sulfate chains on GPC1.Beta-amyloid peptides are lipophilic metal chelators with metal-reducing activity. Bind transient metals such as copper, zinc and iron. In vitro, can reduce Cu(2+) and Fe(3+) to Cu(+) and Fe(2+), respectively. Beta-amyloid 42 is a more effective reductant than beta-amyloid 40. Beta-amyloid peptides bind to lipoproteins and apolipoproteins E and J in the CSF and to HDL particles in plasma, inhibiting metal-catalyzed oxidation of lipoproteins. Beta-APP42 may activate mononuclear phagocytes in the brain and elicit inflammatory responses. Promotes both tau aggregation and TPK II-mediated phosphorylation. Interaction with overexpressed HADH2 leads to oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. Also binds GPC1 in lipid rafts.Appicans elicit adhesion of neural cells to the extracellular matrix and may regulate neurite outgrowth in the brain.The gamma-CTF peptides as well as the caspase-cleaved peptides, including C31, are potent enhancers of neuronal apoptosis.N-APP binds TNFRSF21 triggering caspase activation and degeneration of both neuronal cell bodies (via caspase-3) and axons (via caspase-6).

Gene Name:

APP

Uniprot ID:

P05067

Molecular Weight:

86942.715 Da

References

1. Adlard PA, Bush AI: Metals and Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Nov;10(2-3):145-63. [17119284 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.

Gene Name:

SOD1

Uniprot ID:

P00441

Molecular Weight:

15935.685 Da

References

1. Huang YH, Shih CM, Huang CJ, Lin CM, Chou CM, Tsai ML, Liu TP, Chiu JF, Chen CT: Effects of cadmium on structure and enzymatic activity of Cu,Zn-SOD and oxidative status in neural cells. J Cell Biochem. 2006 Jun 1;98(3):577-89. [16440303 ]

General Function:

Protein homodimerization activity

Specific Function:

Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine.

Gene Name:

ADRB2

Uniprot ID:

P07550

Molecular Weight:

46458.32 Da

References

1. Elling CE, Frimurer TM, Gerlach LO, Jorgensen R, Holst B, Schwartz TW: Metal ion site engineering indicates a global toggle switch model for seven-transmembrane receptor activation. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 23;281(25):17337-46. Epub 2006 Mar 27. [16567806 ]

Gene Name:

TP53

Uniprot ID:

P04637

Molecular Weight:

43652.79 Da

References

1. Wang Y, Rosengarth A, Luecke H: Structure of the human p53 core domain in the absence of DNA. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2007 Mar;63(Pt 3):276-81. Epub 2007 Feb 21. [17327663 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Delivers copper to copper zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1).

Gene Name:

CCS

Uniprot ID:

O14618

Molecular Weight:

29040.445 Da

References

1. Stasser JP, Eisses JF, Barry AN, Kaplan JH, Blackburn NJ: Cysteine-to-serine mutants of the human copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase reveal a copper cluster at a domain III dimer interface. Biochemistry. 2005 Mar 8;44(9):3143-52. [15736924 ]

General Function:

Protein homodimerization activity

Specific Function:

Involved in DNA excision repair. Initiates repair by binding to damaged sites with various affinities, depending on the photoproduct and the transcriptional state of the region. Required for UV-induced CHEK1 phosphorylation and the recruitment of CEP164 to cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers (CPD), sites of DNA damage after UV irradiation.

Gene Name:

XPA

Uniprot ID:

P23025

Molecular Weight:

31367.71 Da

References

1. Blessing H, Kraus S, Heindl P, Bal W, Hartwig A: Interaction of selenium compounds with zinc finger proteins involved in DNA repair. Eur J Biochem. 2004 Aug;271(15):3190-9. [15265038 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Essential for MTA1-mediated transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 and BCAS3. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1.

Gene Name:

ESR1

Uniprot ID:

P03372

Molecular Weight:

66215.45 Da

References

1. Payne JC, Rous BW, Tenderholt AL, Godwin HA: Spectroscopic determination of the binding affinity of zinc to the DNA-binding domains of nuclear hormone receptors. Biochemistry. 2003 Dec 9;42(48):14214-24. [14640689 ]

Specific Function:

Keratin-binding protein required for epithelial cell polarization. Involved in apical junction complex (AJC) assembly via its interaction with PARD3. Required for ciliogenesis.

Gene Name:

FBF1

Uniprot ID:

Q8TES7

Molecular Weight:

125445.19 Da

References

1. Enyedy EA, Horvath L, Gajda-Schrantz K, Galbacs G, Kiss T: An in vitro study of interactions between insulin-mimetic zinc(II) complexes and selected plasma components. J Inorg Biochem. 2006 Dec;100(12):1936-45. Epub 2006 Aug 30. [17034863 ]

General Function:

Transcription regulatory region sequence-specific dna binding

Specific Function:

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Deacetylates SP proteins, SP1 and SP3, and regulates their function. Component of the BRG1-RB1-HDAC1 complex, which negatively regulates the CREST-mediated transcription in resting neurons. Upon calcium stimulation, HDAC1 is released from the complex and CREBBP is recruited, which facilitates transcriptional activation. Deacetylates TSHZ3 and regulates its transcriptional repressor activity. Deacetylates 'Lys-310' in RELA and thereby inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-kappa-B. Deacetylates NR1D2 and abrogates the effect of KAT5-mediated relieving of NR1D2 transcription repression activity. Component of a RCOR/GFI/KDM1A/HDAC complex that suppresses, via histone deacetylase (HDAC) recruitment, a number of genes implicated in multilineage blood cell development. Involved in CIART-mediated transcriptional repression of the circadian transcriptional activator: CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer. Required for the transcriptional repression of circadian target genes, such as PER1, mediated by the large PER complex or CRY1 through histone deacetylation.

Gene Name:

HDAC1

Uniprot ID:

Q13547

Molecular Weight:

55102.615 Da

References

1. Bhuiyan MP, Kato T, Okauchi T, Nishino N, Maeda S, Nishino TG, Yoshida M: Chlamydocin analogs bearing carbonyl group as possible ligand toward zinc atom in histone deacetylases. Bioorg Med Chem. 2006 May 15;14(10):3438-46. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [16439135 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Involved in muscle maturation via its interaction with the myocyte enhancer factors such as MEF2A, MEF2C and MEF2D. Involved in the MTA1-mediated epigenetic regulation of ESR1 expression in breast cancer.

Gene Name:

HDAC4

Uniprot ID:

P56524

Molecular Weight:

119038.875 Da

References

1. Bhuiyan MP, Kato T, Okauchi T, Nishino N, Maeda S, Nishino TG, Yoshida M: Chlamydocin analogs bearing carbonyl group as possible ligand toward zinc atom in histone deacetylases. Bioorg Med Chem. 2006 May 15;14(10):3438-46. Epub 2006 Jan 24. [16439135 ]

General Function:

Protease binding

Specific Function:

Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.

Gene Name:

INS

Uniprot ID:

P01308

Molecular Weight:

11980.795 Da

References

1. Huus K, Havelund S, Olsen HB, van de Weert M, Frokjaer S: Chemical and thermal stability of insulin: effects of zinc and ligand binding to the insulin zinc-hexamer. Pharm Res. 2006 Nov;23(11):2611-20. Epub 2006 Sep 13. [16969698 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

May play an essential role in local proteolysis of the extracellular matrix and in leukocyte migration. Could play a role in bone osteoclastic resorption. Cleaves KiSS1 at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Cleaves type IV and type V collagen into large C-terminal three quarter fragments and shorter N-terminal one quarter fragments. Degrades fibronectin but not laminin or Pz-peptide.

Gene Name:

MMP9

Uniprot ID:

P14780

Molecular Weight:

78457.51 Da

References

1. Martens E, Leyssen A, Van Aelst I, Fiten P, Piccard H, Hu J, Descamps FJ, Van den Steen PE, Proost P, Van Damme J, Liuzzi GM, Riccio P, Polverini E, Opdenakker G: A monoclonal antibody inhibits gelatinase B/MMP-9 by selective binding to part of the catalytic domain and not to the fibronectin or zinc binding domains. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Feb;1770(2):178-86. Epub 2006 Oct 26. [17137715 ]

General Function:

Methyltransferase activity

Specific Function:

Involved in the cellular defense against the biological effects of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) in DNA. Repairs alkylated guanine in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the alkyl group at the O-6 position to a cysteine residue in the enzyme. This is a suicide reaction: the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated.

Gene Name:

MGMT

Uniprot ID:

P16455

Molecular Weight:

21645.83 Da

References

1. Guengerich FP, Fang Q, Liu L, Hachey DL, Pegg AE: O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase: low pKa and high reactivity of cysteine 145. Biochemistry. 2003 Sep 23;42(37):10965-70. [12974631 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, by catalyzing the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a limited number of acceptor proteins involved in chromatin architecture and in DNA metabolism. This modification follows DNA damages and appears as an obligatory step in a detection/signaling pathway leading to the reparation of DNA strand breaks. Mediates the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of APLF and CHFR. Positively regulates the transcription of MTUS1 and negatively regulates the transcription of MTUS2/TIP150. With EEF1A1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T-helper 1 (Th1) cell-specific transcription factor and binds the promoter of IFN-gamma to directly regulate its transcription, and is thus involved importantly in Th1 cytokine production. Required for PARP9 and DTX3L recruitment to DNA damage sites. PARP1-dependent PARP9-DTX3L-mediated ubiquitination promotes the rapid and specific recruitment of 53BP1/TP53BP1, UIMC1/RAP80, and BRCA1 to DNA damage sites.

Gene Name:

PARP1

Uniprot ID:

P09874

Molecular Weight:

113082.945 Da

References

1. Mendes F, Groessl M, Nazarov AA, Tsybin YO, Sava G, Santos I, Dyson PJ, Casini A: Metal-based inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase--the guardian angel of DNA. J Med Chem. 2011 Apr 14;54(7):2196-206. doi: 10.1021/jm2000135. Epub 2011 Mar 3. [21370912 ]

General Function:

Transferrin receptor binding

Specific Function:

Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from sites of absorption and heme degradation to those of storage and utilization. Serum transferrin may also have a further role in stimulating cell proliferation.

Gene Name:

TF

Uniprot ID:

P02787

Molecular Weight:

77063.195 Da

References

1. Enyedy EA, Horvath L, Gajda-Schrantz K, Galbacs G, Kiss T: An in vitro study of interactions between insulin-mimetic zinc(II) complexes and selected plasma components. J Inorg Biochem. 2006 Dec;100(12):1936-45. Epub 2006 Aug 30. [17034863 ]

General Function:

Tubulin binding

Specific Function:

Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ALDOA

Uniprot ID:

P04075

Molecular Weight:

39419.675 Da

General Function:

Trna binding

Specific Function:

This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. With PARP1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T helper 1 (Th1) cell-specific transcription factor and binds the promoter of IFN-gamma to directly regulate its transcription, and is thus involved importantly in Th1 cytokine production.

Gene Name:

EEF1A1

Uniprot ID:

P68104

Molecular Weight:

50140.565 Da

General Function:

Transcription factor activity, sequence-specific dna binding

Specific Function:

Multifunctional enzyme that, as well as its role in glycolysis, plays a part in various processes such as growth control, hypoxia tolerance and allergic responses. May also function in the intravascular and pericellular fibrinolytic system due to its ability to serve as a receptor and activator of plasminogen on the cell surface of several cell-types such as leukocytes and neurons. Stimulates immunoglobulin production.MBP1 binds to the myc promoter and acts as a transcriptional repressor. May be a tumor suppressor.

Gene Name:

ENO1

Uniprot ID:

P06733

Molecular Weight:

47168.555 Da

General Function:

Nadp binding

Specific Function:

May play an important role in regulating the switch between different pathways for energy production during spermiogenesis and in the spermatozoon. Required for sperm motility and male fertility (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GAPDHS

Uniprot ID:

O14556

Molecular Weight:

44500.835 Da

General Function:

Ribosomal small subunit binding

Specific Function:

Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Possesses nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, geranyl and farnesyl pyrophosphate kinase, histidine protein kinase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities. Involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and development, signal transduction, G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis, and gene expression. Required for neural development including neural patterning and cell fate determination. During GZMA-mediated cell death, works in concert with TREX1. NME1 nicks one strand of DNA and TREX1 removes bases from the free 3' end to enhance DNA damage and prevent DNA end reannealing and rapid repair.

Gene Name:

NME1

Uniprot ID:

P15531

Molecular Weight:

17148.635 Da

General Function:

Protein heterodimerization activity

Specific Function:

This multifunctional protein catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds. At the cell surface, seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attached to the cell. May therefore cause structural modifications of exofacial proteins. Inside the cell, seems to form/rearrange disulfide bonds of nascent proteins. At high concentrations, functions as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. At low concentrations, facilitates aggregation (anti-chaperone activity). May be involved with other chaperones in the structural modification of the TG precursor in hormone biogenesis. Also acts a structural subunit of various enzymes such as prolyl 4-hydroxylase and microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein MTTP. Receptor for LGALS9; the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T helper cells, increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane, altering the plasma membrane redox state and enhancing cell migration (PubMed:21670307).

Gene Name:

P4HB

Uniprot ID:

P07237

Molecular Weight:

57115.795 Da

Specific Function:

Cysteine-type endopeptidase activity

Gene Name:

PDIA3

Uniprot ID:

P30101

Molecular Weight:

56781.84 Da

General Function:

Thioredoxin peroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Involved in redox regulation of the cell. Reduces peroxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system but not from glutaredoxin. May play an important role in eliminating peroxides generated during metabolism. Might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H(2)O(2). Reduces an intramolecular disulfide bond in GDPD5 that gates the ability to GDPD5 to drive postmitotic motor neuron differentiation (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PRDX1

Uniprot ID:

Q06830

Molecular Weight:

22110.19 Da

General Function:

Protein homodimerization activity

Specific Function:

Catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of serine from carbohydrates. The reaction mechanism proceeds via the formation of a phosphoryl-enzyme intermediates.

Gene Name:

PSPH

Uniprot ID:

P78330

Molecular Weight:

25007.49 Da

General Function:

Ubiquitin protein ligase binding

Gene Name:

TPI1

Uniprot ID:

P60174

Molecular Weight:

30790.785 Da

General Function:

Translation elongation factor activity

Specific Function:

This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis.

Gene Name:

TUFM

Uniprot ID:

P49411

Molecular Weight:

49541.145 Da

General Function:

Hydrolysis of the deoxyribose N-glycosidic bond to excise 3-methyladenine, and 7-methylguanine from the damaged DNA polymer formed by alkylation lesions.

Specific Function:

Alkylbase dna n-glycosylase activity

Gene Name:

MPG

Uniprot ID:

P29372

Molecular Weight:

32868.365 Da

General Function:

Transmitter-gated ion channel activity

Specific Function:

The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing).

Gene Name:

GLRA1

Uniprot ID:

P23415

Molecular Weight:

52623.35 Da

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of p53/TP53, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. Inhibits p53/TP53- and p73/TP73-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by binding its transcriptional activation domain. Also acts as a ubiquitin ligase E3 toward itself and ARRB1. Permits the nuclear export of p53/TP53. Promotes proteasome-dependent ubiquitin-independent degradation of retinoblastoma RB1 protein. Inhibits DAXX-mediated apoptosis by inducing its ubiquitination and degradation. Component of the TRIM28/KAP1-MDM2-p53/TP53 complex involved in stabilizing p53/TP53. Also component of the TRIM28/KAP1-ERBB4-MDM2 complex which links growth factor and DNA damage response pathways. Mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome degradation of DYRK2 in nucleus. Ubiquitinates IGF1R and SNAI1 and promotes them to proteasomal degradation.

Gene Name:

MDM2

Uniprot ID:

Q00987

Molecular Weight:

55232.39 Da

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

May play a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.

Gene Name:

UTRN

Uniprot ID:

P46939

Molecular Weight:

394463.09 Da

General Function:

S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinfammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex directs selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of GAPDH and probably multiple targets such as ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif; S100A8 seems to contribute to S-nitrosylation site selectivity.

Specific Function:

Arachidonic acid binding

Gene Name:

S100A8

Uniprot ID:

P05109

Molecular Weight:

10834.43 Da

General Function:

S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinfammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread. Has transnitrosylase activity; in oxidatively-modified low-densitity lipoprotein (LDL(ox))-induced S-nitrosylation of GAPDH on 'Cys-247' proposed to transfer the NO moiety from NOS2/iNOS to GAPDH via its own S-nitrosylated Cys-3. The iNOS-S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to also direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as ANXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x-[DE] motif.

Specific Function:

Antioxidant activity

Gene Name:

S100A9

Uniprot ID:

P06702

Molecular Weight:

13241.955 Da

General Function:

Participates in the apoptotic response to DNA damage. Isoforms containing the transactivation domain are pro-apoptotic, isoforms lacking the domain are anti-apoptotic and block the function of p53 and transactivating p73 isoforms. May be a tumor suppressor protein.

Specific Function:

Chromatin binding

Gene Name:

TP73

Uniprot ID:

O15350

Molecular Weight:

69622.865 Da

General Function:

Morphogen activity

Specific Function:

Seems to play a role in the correct specification of the left-right axis. May antagonize NODAL and BMP4 signaling. Cystine knot-containing proteins play important roles during development, organogenesis, tissue growth and differentiation (By similarity).

Gene Name:

DAND5

Uniprot ID:

Q8N907

Molecular Weight:

20179.56 Da

Gene Name:

A1BG

Uniprot ID:

P04217

Molecular Weight:

54253.0 Da

General Function:

Tumor necrosis factor binding

Specific Function:

Is able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a unique 'trapping' mechanism. This protein has a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region' which contains specific cleavage sites for different proteinases. When a proteinase cleaves the bait region, a conformational change is induced in the protein which traps the proteinase. The entrapped enzyme remains active against low molecular weight substrates (activity against high molecular weight substrates is greatly reduced). Following cleavage in the bait region a thioester bond is hydrolyzed and mediates the covalent binding of the protein to the proteinase.

Gene Name:

A2M

Uniprot ID:

P01023

Molecular Weight:

163289.945 Da

General Function:

Type 2 angiotensin receptor binding

Specific Function:

Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.Angiotensin-2: acts directly on vascular smooth muscle as a potent vasoconstrictor, affects cardiac contractility and heart rate through its action on the sympathetic nervous system, and alters renal sodium and water absorption through its ability to stimulate the zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete aldosterone.Angiotensin-3: stimulates aldosterone release.Angiotensin 1-7: is a ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor MAS1. Has vasodilator and antidiuretic effects. Has an antithrombotic effect that involves MAS1-mediated release of nitric oxide from platelets.

Gene Name:

AGT

Uniprot ID:

P01019

Molecular Weight:

53153.73 Da

General Function:

Promotes endocytosis, possesses opsonic properties and influences the mineral phase of bone. Shows affinity for calcium and barium ions.

Specific Function:

Cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Gene Name:

AHSG

Uniprot ID:

P02765

Molecular Weight:

39324.35 Da

General Function:

Virion binding

Specific Function:

Can interact with DNA and histones and may scavenge nuclear material released from damaged circulating cells. May also function as a calcium-dependent lectin.

Gene Name:

APCS

Uniprot ID:

P02743

Molecular Weight:

25386.92 Da

General Function:

Phospholipid transporter activity

Specific Function:

Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). As part of the SPAP complex, activates spermatozoa motility.

Gene Name:

APOA1

Uniprot ID:

P02647

Molecular Weight:

30777.58 Da

General Function:

Protein homodimerization activity

Specific Function:

May stabilize HDL (high density lipoprotein) structure by its association with lipids, and affect the HDL metabolism.

Gene Name:

APOA2

Uniprot ID:

P02652

Molecular Weight:

11174.925 Da

General Function:

May have a role in chylomicrons and VLDL secretion and catabolism. Required for efficient activation of lipoprotein lipase by ApoC-II; potent activator of LCAT. Apoa-IV is a major component of HDL and chylomicrons.

Specific Function:

Antioxidant activity

Gene Name:

APOA4

Uniprot ID:

P06727

Molecular Weight:

45398.775 Da

General Function:

Very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor activity

Specific Function:

Macrophage receptor that binds to the apolipoprotein B48 (APOB) of dietary triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRL) or to a like domain of APOB in hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoprotein (HTG-VLDL). Binds and internalizes TRL when out of the context of the macrophage. May provide essential lipids to reticuloendothelial cells. Could also be involved in foam cell formation with elevated TRL and remnant lipoprotein (RLP). Mediates the rapid high-affinity uptake of chylomicrons (CM), HTG-VLDL, and trypsinized (tryp) VLDL devoid of APOE in vitro in macrophages.

Gene Name:

APOBR

Uniprot ID:

Q0VD83

Molecular Weight:

114873.425 Da

General Function:

Very-low-density lipoprotein particle receptor binding

Specific Function:

Mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles. It can serve as a ligand for the LDL (apo B/E) receptor and for the specific apo-E receptor (chylomicron remnant) of hepatic tissues.

Gene Name:

APOE

Uniprot ID:

P02649

Molecular Weight:

36153.83 Da

General Function:

May play a role in lipid exchange and transport throughout the body. May participate in reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral cells to the liver.

Specific Function:

Chloride channel activity

Gene Name:

APOL1

Uniprot ID:

O14791

Molecular Weight:

43973.805 Da

Specific Function:

C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proenzyme complex, and efficient activation of C1 takes place on interaction of the globular heads of C1q with the Fc regions of IgG or IgM antibody present in immune complexes.

Gene Name:

C1QB

Uniprot ID:

P02746

Molecular Weight:

26721.62 Da

Specific Function:

C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proenzyme complex, and efficient activation of C1 takes place on interaction of the globular heads of C1q with the Fc regions of IgG or IgM antibody present in immune complexes.

Gene Name:

C1QC

Uniprot ID:

P02747

Molecular Weight:

25773.56 Da

General Function:

Serine-type peptidase activity

Specific Function:

C1r B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1s to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system.

Gene Name:

C1R

Uniprot ID:

P00736

Molecular Weight:

80118.04 Da

General Function:

Serine-type endopeptidase activity

Specific Function:

C1s B chain is a serine protease that combines with C1q and C1r to form C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system. C1r activates C1s so that it can, in turn, activate C2 and C4.

Gene Name:

C1S

Uniprot ID:

P09871

Molecular Weight:

76683.905 Da

General Function:

Receptor binding

Specific Function:

C3 plays a central role in the activation of the complement system. Its processing by C3 convertase is the central reaction in both classical and alternative complement pathways. After activation C3b can bind covalently, via its reactive thioester, to cell surface carbohydrates or immune aggregates.Derived from proteolytic degradation of complement C3, C3a anaphylatoxin is a mediator of local inflammatory process. In chronic inflammation, acts as a chemoattractant for neutrophils (By similarity). It induces the contraction of smooth muscle, increases vascular permeability and causes histamine release from mast cells and basophilic leukocytes.C3-beta-c: Acts as a chemoattractant for neutrophils in chronic inflammation.Acylation stimulating protein: adipogenic hormone that stimulates triglyceride (TG) synthesis and glucose transport in adipocytes, regulating fat storage and playing a role in postprandial TG clearance. Appears to stimulate TG synthesis via activation of the PLC, MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Ligand for C5AR2. Promotes the phosphorylation, ARRB2-mediated internalization and recycling of C5AR2 (PubMed:8376604, PubMed:2909530, PubMed:9059512, PubMed:10432298, PubMed:15833747, PubMed:16333141, PubMed:19615750).

Gene Name:

C3

Uniprot ID:

P01024

Molecular Weight:

187146.73 Da

General Function:

Non-enzymatic component of the C3 and C5 convertases and thus essential for the propagation of the classical complement pathway. Covalently binds to immunoglobulins and immune complexes and enhances the solubilization of immune aggregates and the clearance of IC through CR1 on erythrocytes. C4A isotype is responsible for effective binding to form amide bonds with immune aggregates or protein antigens, while C4B isotype catalyzes the transacylation of the thioester carbonyl group to form ester bonds with carbohydrate antigens.

Specific Function:

Carbohydrate binding

Gene Name:

C4B

Uniprot ID:

P0C0L5

Molecular Weight:

192749.785 Da

General Function:

Controls the classical pathway of complement activation. It binds as a cofactor to C3b/C4b inactivator (C3bINA), which then hydrolyzes the complement fragment C4b. It also accelerates the degradation of the C4bC2a complex (C3 convertase) by dissociating the complement fragment C2a. Alpha chain binds C4b. It interacts also with anticoagulant protein S and with serum amyloid P component.

Specific Function:

Rna binding

Gene Name:

C4BPA

Uniprot ID:

P04003

Molecular Weight:

67032.63 Da

General Function:

Controls the classical pathway of complement activation. It binds as a cofactor to C3b/C4b inactivator (C3bINA), which then hydrolyzes the complement fragment C4b. It also accelerates the degradation of the C4bC2a complex (C3 convertase) by dissociating the complement fragment C2a. It also interacts with anticoagulant protein S and with serum amyloid P component. The beta chain binds protein S.

Gene Name:

C4BPB

Uniprot ID:

P20851

Molecular Weight:

28357.215 Da

General Function:

Receptor binding

Specific Function:

Activation of C5 by a C5 convertase initiates the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the membrane attack complex. C5b has a transient binding site for C6. The C5b-C6 complex is the foundation upon which the lytic complex is assembled.Derived from proteolytic degradation of complement C5, C5 anaphylatoxin is a mediator of local inflammatory process. Binding to the receptor C5AR1 induces a variety of responses including intracellular calcium release, contraction of smooth muscle, increased vascular permeability, and histamine release from mast cells and basophilic leukocytes (PubMed:8182049). C5a is also a potent chemokine which stimulates the locomotion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and directs their migration toward sites of inflammation.

Gene Name:

C5

Uniprot ID:

P01031

Molecular Weight:

188303.705 Da

General Function:

Metalloprotease that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains (PubMed:19214193, PubMed:20656690, PubMed:24075985, PubMed:26344097). Does not have activity toward 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Component of the BRCA1-A complex, a complex that specifically recognizes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitinated histones H2A and H2AX at DNA lesions sites, leading to target the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer to sites of DNA damage at double-strand breaks (DSBs). In the BRCA1-A complex, it specifically removes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin on histones H2A and H2AX, antagonizing the RNF8-dependent ubiquitination at double-strand breaks (DSBs) (PubMed:20656690). Catalytic subunit of the BRISC complex, a multiprotein complex that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin in various substrates (PubMed:20656690, PubMed:24075985, PubMed:26344097, PubMed:26195665). Mediates the specific 'Lys-63'-specific deubiquitination associated with the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), via the interaction of the BRISC complex with the CSN complex (PubMed:19214193). The BRISC complex is required for normal mitotic spindle assembly and microtubule attachment to kinetochores via its role in deubiquitinating NUMA1 (PubMed:26195665). Plays a role in interferon signaling via its role in the deubiquitination of the interferon receptor IFNAR1; deubiquitination increases IFNAR1 activity by enhancing its stability and cell surface expression (PubMed:24075985, PubMed:26344097). Down-regulates the response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via its role in IFNAR1 deubiquitination (PubMed:24075985).

Specific Function:

Enzyme regulator activity

Gene Name:

BRCC3

Uniprot ID:

P46736

Molecular Weight:

36071.695 Da

General Function:

Constituent of the membrane attack complex (MAC) that plays a key role in the innate and adaptive immune response by forming pores in the plasma membrane of target cells. C8A inserts into the target membrane, but does not form pores by itself.

Specific Function:

Complement binding

Gene Name:

C8A

Uniprot ID:

P07357

Molecular Weight:

65162.685 Da

General Function:

Constituent of the membrane attack complex (MAC) that plays a key role in the innate and adaptive immune response by forming pores in the plasma membrane of target cells.

Specific Function:

Protein complex binding

Gene Name:

C8B

Uniprot ID:

P07358

Molecular Weight:

67046.35 Da

General Function:

Retinol binding

Specific Function:

C8 is a constituent of the membrane attack complex. C8 binds to the C5B-7 complex, forming the C5B-8 complex. C5-B8 binds C9 and acts as a catalyst in the polymerization of C9. The gamma subunit seems to be able to bind retinol.

Gene Name:

C8G

Uniprot ID:

P07360

Molecular Weight:

22277.285 Da

General Function:

Serine-type endopeptidase activity

Specific Function:

Factor B which is part of the alternate pathway of the complement system is cleaved by factor D into 2 fragments: Ba and Bb. Bb, a serine protease, then combines with complement factor 3b to generate the C3 or C5 convertase. It has also been implicated in proliferation and differentiation of preactivated B-lymphocytes, rapid spreading of peripheral blood monocytes, stimulation of lymphocyte blastogenesis and lysis of erythrocytes. Ba inhibits the proliferation of preactivated B-lymphocytes.

Gene Name:

CFB

Uniprot ID:

P00751

Molecular Weight:

85532.325 Da

General Function:

Factor H functions as a cofactor in the inactivation of C3b by factor I and also increases the rate of dissociation of the C3bBb complex (C3 convertase) and the (C3b)NBB complex (C5 convertase) in the alternative complement pathway.

Specific Function:

Heparan sulfate proteoglycan binding

Gene Name:

CFH

Uniprot ID:

P08603

Molecular Weight:

139095.31 Da

General Function:

Responsible for cleaving the alpha-chains of C4b and C3b in the presence of the cofactors C4-binding protein and factor H respectively.

Specific Function:

Metal ion binding

Gene Name:

CFI

Uniprot ID:

P05156

Molecular Weight:

65749.78 Da

General Function:

Isoform 1 functions as extracellular chaperone that prevents aggregation of nonnative proteins. Prevents stress-induced aggregation of blood plasma proteins. Inhibits formation of amyloid fibrils by APP, APOC2, B2M, CALCA, CSN3, SNCA and aggregation-prone LYZ variants (in vitro). Does not require ATP. Maintains partially unfolded proteins in a state appropriate for subsequent refolding by other chaperones, such as HSPA8/HSC70. Does not refold proteins by itself. Binding to cell surface receptors triggers internalization of the chaperone-client complex and subsequent lysosomal or proteasomal degradation. Secreted isoform 1 protects cells against apoptosis and against cytolysis by complement. Intracellular isoforms interact with ubiquitin and SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes and promote the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Promotes proteasomal degradation of COMMD1 and IKBKB. Modulates NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity. Nuclear isoforms promote apoptosis. Mitochondrial isoforms suppress BAX-dependent release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and inhibit apoptosis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation.

Specific Function:

Chaperone binding

Gene Name:

CLU

Uniprot ID:

P10909

Molecular Weight:

52494.22 Da

General Function:

Ferroxidase activity

Specific Function:

Ceruloplasmin is a blue, copper-binding (6-7 atoms per molecule) glycoprotein. It has ferroxidase activity oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species. It is involved in iron transport across the cell membrane. Provides Cu(2+) ions for the ascorbate-mediated deaminase degradation of the heparan sulfate chains of GPC1. May also play a role in fetal lung development or pulmonary antioxidant defense (By similarity).

Gene Name:

CP

Uniprot ID:

P00450

Molecular Weight:

122204.45 Da

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Protects the body from potent vasoactive and inflammatory peptides containing C-terminal Arg or Lys (such as kinins or anaphylatoxins) which are released into the circulation.

Gene Name:

CPN1

Uniprot ID:

P15169

Molecular Weight:

52285.935 Da

General Function:

Enzyme regulator activity

Specific Function:

The 83 kDa subunit binds and stabilizes the catalytic subunit at 37 degrees Celsius and keeps it in circulation. Under some circumstances it may be an allosteric modifier of the catalytic subunit.

Gene Name:

CPN2

Uniprot ID:

P22792

Molecular Weight:

60556.01 Da

General Function:

DCD-1 displays antimicrobial activity thereby limiting skin infection by potential pathogens in the first few hours after bacterial colonization. Highly effective against E.coli, E.faecalis, S.aureus and C.albicans. Optimal pH and salt concentration resemble the conditions in sweat. Also exhibits proteolytic activity.

Specific Function:

Peptidase activity

Gene Name:

DCD

Uniprot ID:

P81605

Molecular Weight:

11283.745 Da

General Function:

Major high molecular weight protein of desmosomes. Involved in the organization of the desmosomal cadherin-plakoglobin complexes into discrete plasma membrane domains and in the anchoring of intermediate filaments to the desmosomes.

Specific Function:

Cell adhesion molecule binding

Gene Name:

DSP

Uniprot ID:

P15924

Molecular Weight:

331771.16 Da

General Function:

Serine-type endopeptidase activity

Specific Function:

Factor XII is a serum glycoprotein that participates in the initiation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the generation of bradykinin and angiotensin. Prekallikrein is cleaved by factor XII to form kallikrein, which then cleaves factor XII first to alpha-factor XIIa and then trypsin cleaves it to beta-factor XIIa. Alpha-factor XIIa activates factor XI to factor XIa.

Gene Name:

F12

Uniprot ID:

P00748

Molecular Weight:

67791.53 Da

General Function:

The B chain of factor XIII is not catalytically active, but is thought to stabilize the A subunits and regulate the rate of transglutaminase formation by thrombin.

Gene Name:

F13B

Uniprot ID:

P05160

Molecular Weight:

75510.1 Da

General Function:

Thrombospondin receptor activity

Specific Function:

Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.

Gene Name:

F2

Uniprot ID:

P00734

Molecular Weight:

70036.295 Da

General Function:

May function in innate immunity through activation of the lectin complement pathway. Calcium-dependent and GlcNAc-binding lectin. Has affinity with GalNAc, GlcNAc, D-fucose, as mono/oligosaccharide and lipopolysaccharides from S.typhimurium and S.minnesota.

Specific Function:

Antigen binding

Gene Name:

FCN3

Uniprot ID:

O75636

Molecular Weight:

32902.74 Da

General Function:

Structural molecule activity

Specific Function:

Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen beta (FGB) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re-epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo. Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway. Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy. Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage. May also facilitate the immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways.

Gene Name:

FGA

Uniprot ID:

P02671

Molecular Weight:

94972.455 Da

General Function:

Protease binding

Specific Function:

Fibronectins bind cell surfaces and various compounds including collagen, fibrin, heparin, DNA, and actin. Fibronectins are involved in cell adhesion, cell motility, opsonization, wound healing, and maintenance of cell shape. Involved in osteoblast compaction through the fibronectin fibrillogenesis cell-mediated matrix assembly process, essential for osteoblast mineralization. Participates in the regulation of type I collagen deposition by osteoblasts.Anastellin binds fibronectin and induces fibril formation. This fibronectin polymer, named superfibronectin, exhibits enhanced adhesive properties. Both anastellin and superfibronectin inhibit tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Anastellin activates p38 MAPK and inhibits lysophospholipid signaling.

Gene Name:

FN1

Uniprot ID:

P02751

Molecular Weight:

262623.095 Da

General Function:

Protein domain specific binding

Specific Function:

Calcium-regulated, actin-modulating protein that binds to the plus (or barbed) ends of actin monomers or filaments, preventing monomer exchange (end-blocking or capping). It can promote the assembly of monomers into filaments (nucleation) as well as sever filaments already formed. Plays a role in ciliogenesis.

Gene Name:

GSN

Uniprot ID:

P06396

Molecular Weight:

85696.935 Da

General Function:

Oxygen transporter activity

Specific Function:

Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.

Gene Name:

HBA1

Uniprot ID:

P69905

Molecular Weight:

15257.405 Da

General Function:

Oxygen transporter activity

Specific Function:

Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.LVV-hemorphin-7 potentiates the activity of bradykinin, causing a decrease in blood pressure.Spinorphin: functions as an endogenous inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes such as DPP3, and as a selective antagonist of the P2RX3 receptor which is involved in pain signaling, these properties implicate it as a regulator of pain and inflammation.

Gene Name:

HBB

Uniprot ID:

P68871

Molecular Weight:

15998.34 Da

General Function:

Primate-specific plasma protein associated with apolipoprotein L-I (apoL-I)-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This HDL particle, termed trypanosome lytic factor-1 (TLF-1), mediates human innate immune protection against many species of African trypanosomes. Binds hemoglobin with high affinity and may contribute to the clearance of cell-free hemoglobin to allow hepatic recycling of heme iron.

Specific Function:

Hemoglobin binding

Gene Name:

HPR

Uniprot ID:

P00739

Molecular Weight:

39029.345 Da

General Function:

Component of the epidermal cornified cell envelopes.

Specific Function:

Calcium ion binding

Gene Name:

HRNR

Uniprot ID:

Q86YZ3

Molecular Weight:

282390.185 Da

General Function:

Involved in protein-protein interactions that result in protein complexes, receptor-ligand binding or cell adhesion.

Specific Function:

Insulin-like growth factor binding

Gene Name:

IGFALS

Uniprot ID:

P35858

Molecular Weight:

66034.13 Da

General Function:

Antigen binding

Specific Function:

Ig alpha is the major immunoglobulin class in body secretions. It may serve both to defend against local infection and to prevent access of foreign antigens to the general immunologic system.

Gene Name:

IGHA1

Uniprot ID:

P01876

Molecular Weight:

37654.29 Da

General Function:

Antigen binding

Specific Function:

IgM antibodies play an important role in primary defense mechanisms. They have been shown to be involved in early recognition of external invaders like bacteria and viruses, cellular waste and modified self, as well as in recognition and elimination of precancerous and cancerous lesions. The membrane-bound form is found in the majority of normal B-cells alongside with IgD. Membrane-bound IgM induces the phosphorylation of CD79A and CD79B by the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases. It may cause death of cells by apoptosis. It is also found in soluble form, which represents about 30% of the total serum immunoglobulins where it is found almost exclusively as a homopentamer. After the antigen binds to the B-cell receptor, the secreted form is secreted in large amounts.

Gene Name:

IGHM

Uniprot ID:

P01871

Molecular Weight:

49306.215 Da

General Function:

V region of the variable domain of immunoglobulin light chains that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are membrane-bound or secreted glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. In the recognition phase of humoral immunity, the membrane-bound immunoglobulins serve as receptors which, upon binding of a specific antigen, trigger the clonal expansion and differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulins-secreting plasma cells. Secreted immunoglobulins mediate the effector phase of humoral immunity, which results in the elimination of bound antigens (PubMed:20176268, PubMed:22158414). The antigen binding site is formed by the variable domain of one heavy chain, together with that of its associated light chain. Thus, each immunoglobulin has two antigen binding sites with remarkable affinity for a particular antigen. The variable domains are assembled by a process called V-(D)-J rearrangement and can then be subjected to somatic hypermutations which, after exposure to antigen and selection, allow affinity maturation for a particular antigen (PubMed:20176268, PubMed:17576170).

Specific Function:

Antigen binding

Gene Name:

IGKV1-17

Uniprot ID:

P01599

Molecular Weight:

12778.39 Da

General Function:

Antigen binding

Uniprot ID:

P01619

Molecular Weight:

11830.17 Da

General Function:

V region of the variable domain of immunoglobulin light chains that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are membrane-bound or secreted glycoproteins produced by B lymphocytes. In the recognition phase of humoral immunity, the membrane-bound immunoglobulins serve as receptors which, upon binding of a specific antigen, trigger the clonal expansion and differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulins-secreting plasma cells. Secreted immunoglobulins mediate the effector phase of humoral immunity, which results in the elimination of bound antigens (PubMed:20176268, PubMed:22158414). The antigen binding site is formed by the variable domain of one heavy chain, together with that of its associated light chain. Thus, each immunoglobulin has two antigen binding sites with remarkable affinity for a particular antigen. The variable domains are assembled by a process called V-(D)-J rearrangement and can then be subjected to somatic hypermutations which, after exposure to antigen and selection, allow affinity maturation for a particular antigen (PubMed:17576170, PubMed:20176268).

Specific Function:

Antigen binding

Gene Name:

IGLV3-21

Uniprot ID:

P80748

Molecular Weight:

12445.65 Da

General Function:

May act as a carrier of hyaluronan in serum or as a binding protein between hyaluronan and other matrix protein, including those on cell surfaces in tissues to regulate the localization, synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan which are essential to cells undergoing biological processes.

Specific Function:

Calcium ion binding

Gene Name:

ITIH1

Uniprot ID:

P19827

Molecular Weight:

101388.49 Da

General Function:

May act as a carrier of hyaluronan in serum or as a binding protein between hyaluronan and other matrix protein, including those on cell surfaces in tissues to regulate the localization, synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan which are essential to cells undergoing biological processes.

Specific Function:

Endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Gene Name:

ITIH2

Uniprot ID:

P19823

Molecular Weight:

106462.725 Da

General Function:

May act as a carrier of hyaluronan in serum or as a binding protein between hyaluronan and other matrix protein, including those on cell surfaces in tissues to regulate the localization, synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan which are essential to cells undergoing biological processes.

Specific Function:

Endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Gene Name:

ITIH3

Uniprot ID:

Q06033

Molecular Weight:

99848.575 Da

General Function:

Type II acute-phase protein (APP) involved in inflammatory responses to trauma. May also play a role in liver development or regeneration.

Specific Function:

Endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Gene Name:

ITIH4

Uniprot ID:

Q14624

Molecular Weight:

103356.645 Da

General Function:

Serves to link two monomer units of either IgM or IgA. In the case of IgM, the J chain-joined dimer is a nucleating unit for the IgM pentamer, and in the case of IgA it induces larger polymers. It also help to bind these immunoglobulins to secretory component.

Specific Function:

Antigen binding

Gene Name:

JCHAIN

Uniprot ID:

P01591

Molecular Weight:

18098.39 Da

General Function:

Common junctional plaque protein. The membrane-associated plaques are architectural elements in an important strategic position to influence the arrangement and function of both the cytoskeleton and the cells within the tissue. The presence of plakoglobin in both the desmosomes and in the intermediate junctions suggests that it plays a central role in the structure and function of submembranous plaques. Acts as a substrate for VE-PTP and is required by it to stimulate VE-cadherin function in endothelial cells. Can replace beta-catenin in E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complexes which are proposed to couple cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton (By similarity).

Specific Function:

Alpha-catenin binding

Gene Name:

JUP

Uniprot ID:

P14923

Molecular Weight:

81743.98 Da

General Function:

Serine-type endopeptidase activity

Specific Function:

The enzyme cleaves Lys-Arg and Arg-Ser bonds. It activates, in a reciprocal reaction, factor XII after its binding to a negatively charged surface. It also releases bradykinin from HMW kininogen and may also play a role in the renin-angiotensin system by converting prorenin into renin.

Gene Name:

KLKB1

Uniprot ID:

P03952

Molecular Weight:

71369.205 Da

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

(1) Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases; (2) HMW-kininogen plays an important role in blood coagulation by helping to position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII; (3) HMW-kininogen inhibits the thrombin- and plasmin-induced aggregation of thrombocytes; (4) the active peptide bradykinin that is released from HMW-kininogen shows a variety of physiological effects: (4A) influence in smooth muscle contraction, (4B) induction of hypotension, (4C) natriuresis and diuresis, (4D) decrease in blood glucose level, (4E) it is a mediator of inflammation and causes (4E1) increase in vascular permeability, (4E2) stimulation of nociceptors (4E3) release of other mediators of inflammation (e.g. prostaglandins), (4F) it has a cardioprotective effect (directly via bradykinin action, indirectly via endothelium-derived relaxing factor action); (5) LMW-kininogen inhibits the aggregation of thrombocytes; (6) LMW-kininogen is in contrast to HMW-kininogen not involved in blood clotting.

Gene Name:

KNG1

Uniprot ID:

P01042

Molecular Weight:

71956.965 Da

General Function:

May regulate the activity of kinases such as PKC and SRC via binding to integrin beta-1 (ITB1) and the receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1). In complex with C1QBP is a high affinity receptor for kininogen-1/HMWK.

Specific Function:

Carbohydrate binding

Gene Name:

KRT1

Uniprot ID:

P04264

Molecular Weight:

66038.505 Da

Specific Function:

Structural constituent of epidermis

Gene Name:

KRT10

Uniprot ID:

P13645

Molecular Weight:

58826.915 Da

General Function:

The nonhelical tail domain is involved in promoting KRT5-KRT14 filaments to self-organize into large bundles and enhances the mechanical properties involved in resilience of keratin intermediate filaments in vitro.

Specific Function:

Keratin filament binding

Gene Name:

KRT14

Uniprot ID:

P02533

Molecular Weight:

51561.075 Da

General Function:

Epidermis-specific type I keratin that plays a key role in skin. Acts as a regulator of innate immunity in response to skin barrier breach: required for some inflammatory checkpoint for the skin barrier maintenance.

Specific Function:

Structural constituent of cytoskeleton

Gene Name:

KRT16

Uniprot ID:

P08779

Molecular Weight:

51267.39 Da

General Function:

Probably contributes to terminal cornification. Associated with keratinocyte activation, proliferation and keratinization.

Specific Function:

Cytoskeletal protein binding

Gene Name:

KRT2

Uniprot ID:

P35908

Molecular Weight:

65432.65 Da

Specific Function:

Scaffold protein binding

Gene Name:

KRT5

Uniprot ID:

P13647

Molecular Weight:

62377.985 Da

General Function:

Epidermis-specific type I keratin involved in wound healing. Involved in the activation of follicular keratinocytes after wounding, while it does not play a major role in keratinocyte proliferation or migration. Participates in the regulation of epithelial migration by inhibiting the activity of SRC during wound repair.

Specific Function:

Structural constituent of cytoskeleton

Gene Name:

KRT6A

Uniprot ID:

P02538

Molecular Weight:

60044.525 Da

General Function:

May serve an important special function either in the mature palmar and plantar skin tissue or in the morphogenetic program of the formation of these tissues. Plays a role in keratin filament assembly.

Specific Function:

Structural constituent of cytoskeleton

Gene Name:

KRT9

Uniprot ID:

P35527

Molecular Weight:

62064.29 Da

Specific Function:

Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various hydrophobic ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability. Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction.

Gene Name:

ORM2

Uniprot ID:

P19652

Molecular Weight:

23602.43 Da

General Function:

Protein homodimerization activity

Specific Function:

Hydrolyzes the toxic metabolites of a variety of organophosphorus insecticides. Capable of hydrolyzing a broad spectrum of organophosphate substrates and lactones, and a number of aromatic carboxylic acid esters. Mediates an enzymatic protection of low density lipoproteins against oxidative modification and the consequent series of events leading to atheroma formation.

Gene Name:

PON1

Uniprot ID:

P27169

Molecular Weight:

39730.99 Da

General Function:

Is able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a unique 'trapping' mechanism. This protein has a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region' which contains specific cleavage sites for different proteinases. When a proteinase cleaves the bait region, a conformational change is induced in the protein which traps the proteinase. The entrapped enzyme remains active against low molecular weight substrates (activity against high molecular weight substrates is greatly reduced). Following cleavage in the bait region a thioester bond is hydrolyzed and mediates the covalent binding of the protein to the proteinase.

Specific Function:

Endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Gene Name:

PZP

Uniprot ID:

P20742

Molecular Weight:

163861.765 Da

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Gene Name:

S100A7

Uniprot ID:

P31151

Molecular Weight:

11470.87 Da

General Function:

Selenium binding

Specific Function:

Might be responsible for some of the extracellular antioxidant defense properties of selenium or might be involved in the transport of selenium. May supply selenium to tissues such as brain and testis.

Gene Name:

SEPP1

Uniprot ID:

P49908

Molecular Weight:

43173.37 Da

General Function:

Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Specific Function:

Inhibitor of serine proteases. Its primary target is elastase, but it also has a moderate affinity for plasmin and thrombin. Irreversibly inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasminogen activator. The aberrant form inhibits insulin-induced NO synthesis in platelets, decreases coagulation time and has proteolytic activity against insulin and plasmin.Short peptide from AAT: reversible chymotrypsin inhibitor. It also inhibits elastase, but not trypsin. Its major physiological function is the protection of the lower respiratory tract against proteolytic destruction by human leukocyte elastase (HLE).

Gene Name:

SERPINA1

Uniprot ID:

P01009

Molecular Weight:

46736.195 Da

General Function:

Although its physiological function is unclear, it can inhibit neutrophil cathepsin G and mast cell chymase, both of which can convert angiotensin-1 to the active angiotensin-2.

Specific Function:

Dna binding

Gene Name:

SERPINA3

Uniprot ID:

P01011

Molecular Weight:

47650.36 Da

General Function:

Inhibits human amidolytic and kininogenase activities of tissue kallikrein. Inhibition is achieved by formation of an equimolar, heat- and SDS-stable complex between the inhibitor and the enzyme, and generation of a small C-terminal fragment of the inhibitor due to cleavage at the reactive site by tissue kallikrein.

Specific Function:

Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Gene Name:

SERPINA4

Uniprot ID:

P29622

Molecular Weight:

48541.51 Da

General Function:

Steroid binding

Specific Function:

Major transport protein for glucocorticoids and progestins in the blood of almost all vertebrate species.

Gene Name:

SERPINA6

Uniprot ID:

P08185

Molecular Weight:

45140.49 Da

General Function:

Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity

Specific Function:

Thrombin inhibitor activated by the glycosaminoglycans, heparin or dermatan sulfate. In the presence of the latter, HC-II becomes the predominant thrombin inhibitor in place of antithrombin III (AT-III). Also inhibits chymotrypsin, but in a glycosaminoglycan-independent manner.Peptides at the N-terminal of HC-II have chemotactic activity for both monocytes and neutrophils.

Gene Name:

SERPIND1

Uniprot ID:

P05546

Molecular Weight:

57070.16 Da

General Function:

Androgen binding

Specific Function:

Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, and 17-beta-estradiol. Regulates the plasma metabolic clearance rate of steroid hormones by controlling their plasma concentration.

Gene Name:

SHBG

Uniprot ID:

P04278

Molecular Weight:

43778.755 Da

General Function:

Identical protein binding

Specific Function:

Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain.

Gene Name:

TTR

Uniprot ID:

P02766

Molecular Weight:

15886.88 Da

General Function:

Scavenger receptor activity

Specific Function:

Vitronectin is a cell adhesion and spreading factor found in serum and tissues. Vitronectin interact with glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Is recognized by certain members of the integrin family and serves as a cell-to-substrate adhesion molecule. Inhibitor of the membrane-damaging effect of the terminal cytolytic complement pathway.Somatomedin-B is a growth hormone-dependent serum factor with protease-inhibiting activity.

Gene Name:

VTN

Uniprot ID:

P04004

Molecular Weight:

54305.135 Da

General Function:

May play a role in postsynaptic function. The C-terminal gamma-secretase processed fragment, ALID1, activates transcription activation through APBB1 (Fe65) binding (By similarity). Couples to JIP signal transduction through C-terminal binding. May interact with cellular G-protein signaling pathways. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I.

Specific Function:

Alpha-2a adrenergic receptor binding

Gene Name:

APLP1

Uniprot ID:

P51693

Molecular Weight:

72175.825 Da

General Function:

May play a role in the regulation of hemostasis. The soluble form may have inhibitory properties towards coagulation factors. May interact with cellular G-protein signaling pathways. May bind to the DNA 5'-GTCACATG-3'(CDEI box). Inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, factor XIA and plasma and glandular kallikrein. Modulates the Cu/Zn nitric oxide-catalyzed autodegradation of GPC1 heparan sulfate side chains in fibroblasts (By similarity).

Specific Function:

Dna binding

Gene Name:

APLP2

Uniprot ID:

Q06481

Molecular Weight:

86955.2 Da