CINNAMIC ACID

Relevant Data

Food Additives Approved by WHO:

General Information

MaintermCINNAMIC ACID
FEMA Number2288
CAS Reg.No.(or other ID)140-10-3
Regnum

From www.fda.gov

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure
Mechanism of Toxicity
Metabolism
Toxicity Values
Lethal Dose
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Minimum Risk Level
Health Effects
Treatment
Reference
  1. Boulat O, Gradwohl M, Matos V, Guignard JP, Bachmann C: Organic acids in the second morning urine in a healthy Swiss paediatric population. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Dec;41(12):1642-58.[14708889 ]
  2. Blanquet S, Meunier JP, Minekus M, Marol-Bonnin S, Alric M: Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing P450 in artificial digestive systems: a model for biodetoxication in the human digestive environment. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 May;69(5):2884-92.[12732562 ]
  3. Sarkissian CN, Shao Z, Blain F, Peevers R, Su H, Heft R, Chang TM, Scriver CR: A different approach to treatment of phenylketonuria: phenylalanine degradation with recombinant phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 2;96(5):2339-44.[10051643 ]
  4. Wahl HG, Hong Q, Stube D, Maier ME, Haring HU, Liebich HM: Simultaneous analysis of the di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate metabolites 2-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanoic acid and 2-ethyl-3-oxohexanoic acid in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Jul 15;758(2):213-9.[11486831 ]
  5. Larue C, Munnich A, Charpentier C, Saudubray JM, Frezal J, Remy MH, Rivat C: An extracorporeal hollow-fiber reactor for phenylketonuria using immobilized phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1986;9(2):73-81.[3956347 ]
  6. Olivera ER, Carnicero D, Jodra R, Minambres B, Garcia B, Abraham GA, Gallardo A, Roman JS, Garcia JL, Naharro G, Luengo JM: Genetically engineered Pseudomonas: a factory of new bioplastics with broad applications. Environ Microbiol. 2001 Oct;3(10):612-8.[11722541 ]
  7. Lee HS, Beon MS, Kim MK: Selective growth inhibitor toward human intestinal bacteria derived from Pulsatilla cernua root. J Agric Food Chem. 2001 Oct;49(10):4656-61.[11600003 ]

From T3DB

Targets

Target Details

Estrogen receptor

General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Essential for MTA1-mediated transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 and BCAS3. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1.
Gene Name:
ESR1
Uniprot ID:
P03372
Molecular Weight:
66215.45 Da
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]

From T3DB