Annatto, Bixin, Norbixin

Relevant Data

Food Additives Approved in the United States

ANNATTO, EXTRACT (BIXA ORELLANA L.) [show][hide]

Mainterm ANNATTO, EXTRACT (BIXA ORELLANA L.)

Doc Type ASP

CAS number 1393-63-1

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Food Additives Approved by WHO:

ANNATTO EXTRACT (ALKALI-PROCESSED NORBIXIN) [show]

ANNATTO EXTRACT (ALKALI-PROCESSED NORBIXIN, NOT ACID-PRECIPITATED) [show]

ANNATTO EXTRACT (AQUEOUS-PROCESSED BIXIN) [show]

ANNATTO EXTRACT (OIL-PROCESSED BIXIN) [show]

ANNATTO EXTRACTS [show]

Synonyms:	L. ORANGE, ORLEAN, ROCOU, TERRE ORELLANA
Chemical Names:	BIXIN: 9'-cis(or trans)-6,6'-DIapoCAROTENE-6,6'-DIOIC ACID, MONOMETHYL ESTER; NORBIXIN: 6'-METHYLHYDROGEN-9'-cis(or trans)-6,6'-DIapoCAROTENE-6,6'-DIOATE, Na or K
CAS number:	1393-63-1
INS:	160b
Evaluation year:	2006
ADI:	BIXIN: 0-12 mg/kg bw; NORBIXIN AND ITS SODIUM AND POTASSIUM SALT: 0-0.6 mg/kg bw (group ADI, expressed as norbixin)
Meeting:	46
Specs Code:	R (1996)
Comments:	ADI for bixin is applicable to the following annatto extracts, provided they comply with the respective specifications: - solvent-extracted bixin (= 85% bixin, = 2.5% norbixin) - aqueous processed bixin (= 25% bixin, = 7% norbixin) and does not apply to oil-processed bixin (=10 % bixin) Group ADI for norbixin and its sodium and potassium salts is applicable to the following annatto extracts, provided they comply with the respective specifications: - solvent-extracted norbixin (= 85% norbixin) - alkali-processed norbixin, acid-precipitated (= 35% norbixin) and not acid precipitated (= 15% norbixin) In re-evaluating the studies of toxicity with solvent-extracted bixin (92% bixin) and solvent-extracted norbixin (91.6% norbixin) and in light of the additional compositional data, the Committee considered that ADIs could be allocated to these pigments, on the basis of studies conducted on the extracts. As no NOEL could be identified for oil-processed bixin and no compositional data were available, the Committee decided that the above evaluation could not be applied to this extract.
Report:	TRS 940-JECFA 67/11
Tox Monograph:	FAS 58-JECFA 67

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General Information

Chemical name	Annatto, Bixin, Norbixin
E No.	E 160b
INS.	160b
CAS number	1393-63-1
Group	No

From webgate.ec.europa.eu

Authorisation of the use of this additive in Food Additives

The additive is authorised to be used in the following category(ies):

category(ies)	Individual restriction(s)/exception(s)	footnote
Flavoured fermented milk products including heat-treated products (1.4)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 10 mg/l
Processed cheese (1.7.5)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 15 mg/kg
Cheese products (excluding products falling in category 16) (1.7.6)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 15 mg/kg , only ripened orange, yellow and broken-white products
Fats and oils essentially free from water (excluding anhydrous milkfat) (2.1)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 10 mg/kg , only fats
Other fat and oil emulsions including spreads as defined by Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 and liquid emulsions (2.2.2)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 10 mg/kg , excluding reduced fat butter
Edible ices (3)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013) Casings and coatings and decorations for meat (8.3.3)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 20 mg/kg
Decorations, coatings and fillings, except fruit-based fillings covered by category 4.2.4 (5.4)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 20 mg/kg , only decorations and coatings
Breakfast cereals (6.3)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 25 mg/kg , only extruded puffed and or fruit flavoured breakfast cereals
Batters (6.6)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 20 mg/kg , only batters for coating
Fine bakery wares (7.2)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013) Desserts excluding products covered in category 1, 3 and 4 (16)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 10 mg/kg
Processed fish and fisheries products including molluscs and crustaceans (9.2)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 10 mg/kg , only smoked fish
Spirit drinks as defined in Regulation (EC) No 110/2008 (14.2.6)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 10 mg/l , only liqueurs
Other alcoholic drinks including mixtures of alcoholic drinks with non-alcoholic drinks and spirits with less than 15 % of alcohol (14.2.8)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 10 mg/l , only alcoholic drinks with less than 15 % of alcohol
Processed nuts (15.2)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 10 mg/kg , only savoury coated nuts
Edible cheese rind (1.7.3)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 20 mg/kg
Ripened cheese (1.7.2)(legislation: 1093/2014, applicable as from 06/11/2014)	ML = 15 mg/kg , only ripened orange, yellow and broken-white cheese and red and green pesto cheese ML = 50 mg/kg , only red Leicester cheese ML = 35 mg/kg , only Mimolette cheese
Potato-, cereal-, flour- or starch-based snacks (15.1)(legislation:1129/2011, applicable as from 01/06/2013)	ML = 10 mg/kg , excluding extruded or expanded savoury snack products ML = 20 mg/kg , only extruded or expanded savoury snack products

From webgate.ec.europa.eu

Computed Descriptors

Download SDF

2D Structure
CID	6537492
IUPAC Name	(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16Z,18E)-4,8,13,17-tetramethylicosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18-nonaenedioic acid
InChI	InChI=1S/C24H28O4/c1-19(11-7-13-21(3)15-17-23(25)26)9-5-6-10-20(2)12-8-14-22(4)16-18-24(27)28/h5-18H,1-4H3,(H,25,26)(H,27,28)/b6-5+,11-7+,12-8+,17-15+,18-16+,19-9+,20-10+,21-13-,22-14+
InChI Key	ZVKOASAVGLETCT-LRRSNBNMSA-N
Canonical SMILES	CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC(=O)O)C=CC=C(C)C=CC(=O)O
Molecular Formula	C24H28O4
Wikipedia	α-norbixin

From Pubchem

Computed Properties

Property Name	Property Value
Molecular Weight	380.484
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	4
Rotatable Bond Count	10
Complexity	740.0
CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint	A A A D c e B 4 O A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A G g A A C A A A D A C A g A A C C A A A A g C I A i D S C A A A A A A g A A A I C A A A A E g I B A A A A Q A A E A A A A A A I k Y I A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A = =
Topological Polar Surface Area	74.6
Monoisotopic Mass	380.199
Exact Mass	380.199
XLogP3	None
XLogP3-AA	7.2
Compound Is Canonicalized	True
Formal Charge	0
Heavy Atom Count	28
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count	0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count	9
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count	0
Isotope Atom Count	0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count	1

From Pubchem

ADMET Predicted Profile --- Classification

Model	Result	Probability
Absorption
Blood-Brain Barrier	BBB+	0.6535
Human Intestinal Absorption	HIA+	0.8642
Caco-2 Permeability	Caco2-	0.5688
P-glycoprotein Substrate	Non-substrate	0.6799
P-glycoprotein Inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9421
P-glycoprotein Inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9568
Renal Organic Cation Transporter	Non-inhibitor	0.9584
Distribution
Subcellular localization	Mitochondria	0.7339
Metabolism
CYP450 2C9 Substrate	Non-substrate	0.8423
CYP450 2D6 Substrate	Non-substrate	0.9182
CYP450 3A4 Substrate	Non-substrate	0.6422
CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9610
CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.8723
CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9233
CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9456
CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor	Non-inhibitor	0.9131
CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity	0.9585
Excretion
Toxicity
Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition	Weak inhibitor	0.9754
Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition	Non-inhibitor	0.9784
AMES Toxicity	Non AMES toxic	0.8329
Carcinogens	Carcinogens	0.5695
Fish Toxicity	High FHMT	0.7354
Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity	Low TPT	0.9288
Honey Bee Toxicity	High HBT	0.8186
Biodegradation	Ready biodegradable	0.6935
Acute Oral Toxicity	III	0.7297
Carcinogenicity (Three-class)	Non-required	0.6870

From admetSAR

ADMET Predicted Profile --- Regression

Model	Value	Unit
Absorption
Aqueous solubility	-0.9650	LogS
Caco-2 Permeability	0.6721	LogPapp, cm/s
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Toxicity
Rat Acute Toxicity	1.9463	LD50, mol/kg
Fish Toxicity	1.3531	pLC50, mg/L
Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity	-0.4035	pIGC50, ug/L

From admetSAR

Taxonomic Classification

Kingdom	Organic compounds
Superclass	Lipids and lipid-like molecules
Class	Prenol lipids
Subclass	Diterpenoids
Intermediate Tree Nodes	Not available
Direct Parent	Acyclic diterpenoids
Alternative Parents	Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives Carbonyl compounds Hydrocarbon derivatives Unsaturated fatty acids Organic oxides Methyl-branched fatty acids Long-chain fatty acids Carboxylic acids
Molecular Framework	Aliphatic acyclic compounds
Substituents	Acyclic diterpenoid - Long-chain fatty acid - Branched fatty acid - Methyl-branched fatty acid - Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives - Fatty acyl - Fatty acid - Unsaturated fatty acid - Carboxylic acid derivative - Carboxylic acid - Organic oxygen compound - Carbonyl group - Organic oxide - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organooxygen compound - Aliphatic acyclic compound
Description	This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic diterpenoids. These are diterpenoids (compounds made of four consecutive isoprene units) that do not contain a cycle.

From ClassyFire

Mainterm	ANNATTO, EXTRACT (BIXA ORELLANA L.)
Doc Type	ASP
CAS number	1393-63-1

Synonyms:	ANNATTO F
Chemical Names:	9'-cis-6,6'-DIAPOCAROTENE-6,6'-DIOIC ACID; MONO- OR DISODIUM SALT, MONO- OR DIPOTASSIUM SALT
INS:	160b
Evaluation year:	2006
ADI:	WITHDRAWN
Comments:	Temporary ADI withdrawn (2006). See "ANNATTO EXTRACTS"
Report:	TRS 940-JECFA 67/11
Tox Monograph:	FAS 58-JECFA 67
Specification:	FAO JECFA Monographs 3-JECFA 67/3. R

Synonyms:	ANNATTO G
Chemical Names:	9'-cis-6,6'-DIAPOCAROTENE-6,6'-DIOIC ACID; MONO- OR DISODIUM SALT, MONO- OR DIPOTASSIUM SALT
INS:	160b
Evaluation year:	2006
Comments:	No ADI allocated (2003). See "ANNATTO EXTRACTS"
Report:	TRS 940-JECFA 67/11
Tox Monograph:	FAS 58-JECFA 67
Specification:	FAO JECFA Monographs 3-JECFA67/5. R

Synonyms:	ANNATTO E
Chemical Names:	9'-cis-6,6'-DIAPOCAROTENE-6,6'-DIOIC ACID, MONOMETHYL ESTER
INS:	160b
Evaluation year:	2006
ADI:	WITHDRAWN
Comments:	Temporary ADI withdrawn (2006). See "ANNATTO EXTRACTS"
Report:	TRS 940-JECFA 67/11
Tox Monograph:	FAS 58-JECFA 67
Specification:	FAO JECFA Monographs 3-JECFA67/7. R

Synonyms:	ANNATTO D
Chemical Names:	9'-cis-6,6'-DIAPOCAROTENE-6,6'-DIOIC ACID, MONOMETHYL ESTER
INS:	160b
Evaluation year:	2006
ADI:	NO ADI ALLOCATED
Comments:	No ADI allocated (2003). See "ANNATTO EXTRACTS"
Report:	TRS 940-JECFA 67/11
Tox Monograph:	FAS 58-JECFA 67
Specification:	FAO JECFA Monographs 3-JECFA67/9. R,T