Benzoic acid

General Function:

Receptor binding

Specific Function:

Regulates the level of the neuromodulator D-serine in the brain. Has high activity towards D-DOPA and contributes to dopamine synthesis. Could act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids accumulated during aging. Acts on a variety of D-amino acids with a preference for those having small hydrophobic side chains followed by those bearing polar, aromatic, and basic groups. Does not act on acidic amino acids.

Gene Name:

DAO

Uniprot ID:

P14920

Molecular Weight:

39473.75 Da

References

1. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [10592235 ]

General Function:

Rna polymerase iii regulatory region dna binding

Specific Function:

Reduces hydrogen peroxide and alkyl hydroperoxides with reducing equivalents provided through the thioredoxin system. Involved in intracellular redox signaling.

Gene Name:

PRDX5

Uniprot ID:

P30044

Molecular Weight:

22086.245 Da

References

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]

General Function:

Gtpase activity

Specific Function:

Involved in the transport of proteins between the endosomes and the trans Golgi network.

Gene Name:

RAB9A

Uniprot ID:

P51151

Molecular Weight:

22837.38 Da

References

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]

General Function:

Xenon atom binding

Specific Function:

Endoribonuclease responsible for the inhibition of the translation by cleaving mRNA. Inhibits cell-free protein synthesis. Cleaves phosphodiester bonds only in single-stranded RNA (By similarity).

Gene Name:

HRSP12

Uniprot ID:

P52758

Molecular Weight:

14493.53 Da

References

1. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [17016423 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Essential for MTA1-mediated transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 and BCAS3. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1.

Gene Name:

ESR1

Uniprot ID:

P03372

Molecular Weight:

66215.45 Da

References

1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]

General Function:

Transcription factor activity, bacterial-type rna polymerase core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding

Specific Function:

Hydrogen peroxide sensor. Activates the expression of a regulon of hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes such as katG, gor, ahpC, ahpF, oxyS (a regulatory RNA), dps, fur and grxA. OxyR expression is negatively autoregulated by binding to a 43 bp region upstream of its own coding sequence. OxyR is inactivated by reduction of its essential disulfide bond by the product of GrxA, itself positively regulated by OxyR. Has also a positive regulatory effect on the production of surface proteins that control the colony morphology and auto-aggregation ability.

Gene Name:

oxyR

Uniprot ID:

P0ACQ4

Molecular Weight:

34275.59 Da

General Function:

Trisaccharide binding

Specific Function:

Positively regulates the transcription of the maltose regulon whose gene products are responsible for uptake and catabolism of malto-oligosaccharides. Binds and recognizes a DNA motif (called the malT box): 5'-GGA[TG]GA-3'.

Gene Name:

malT

Uniprot ID:

P06993

Molecular Weight:

103117.49 Da

General Function:

Intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, interconverting keto- and enol-groups

Specific Function:

Can use enol isomers of phenylpyruvate, 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate and (p-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate as substrates.

Gene Name:

pptA

Uniprot ID:

P31992

Molecular Weight:

8672.84 Da

General Function:

Ferric iron binding

Gene Name:

clcA

Uniprot ID:

O67987

Molecular Weight:

28952.3 Da

General Function:

Hydrolase activity

Gene Name:

cumD

Uniprot ID:

P96965

Molecular Weight:

31489.385 Da

General Function:

Chloride peroxidase activity

Gene Name:

cpo

Uniprot ID:

O31168

Molecular Weight:

30354.465 Da

General Function:

Oxidoreductase activity

Specific Function:

Reduction of a variety of nitroaromatic compounds using NADH (and to lesser extent NADPH) as source of reducing equivalents; two electrons are transferred.

Gene Name:

nfsB

Uniprot ID:

Q01234

Molecular Weight:

23949.98 Da

General Function:

Hydroxyquinol 1,2-dioxygenase activity

Specific Function:

Catalyzes the ortho-cleavage of the aromatic ring of hydroxyquinol.

Gene Name:

chqB

Uniprot ID:

Q5PXQ6

Molecular Weight:

31966.33 Da

General Function:

Dna-directed dna polymerase activity

Gene Name:

repA

Uniprot ID:

Q52546

Molecular Weight:

26728.84 Da

Specific Function:

The biological activity of the toxin is produced by the A chain, which activates intracellular adenyl cyclase.

Gene Name:

eltB

Uniprot ID:

P32890

Molecular Weight:

14133.255 Da

General Function:

Dipeptidyl-peptidase activity

Specific Function:

Hydrolyzes cocaine to benzoate and ecgonine methyl ester, endowing the bacteria with the ability to utilize cocaine as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth, as this bacterium lives in the rhizosphere of coca plants. Also efficiently hydrolyzes cocaethylene, a more potent cocaine metabolite that has been observed in patients who concurrently abuse cocaine and alcohol. Is able to prevent cocaine-induced convulsions and lethality in rat.

Gene Name:

cocE

Uniprot ID:

Q9L9D7

Molecular Weight:

62131.125 Da

General Function:

Proton-dependent oligopeptide secondary active transmembrane transporter activity

Specific Function:

Proton-coupled intake of oligopeptides of 2 to 4 amino acids with a preference for dipeptides. May constitute a major route for the absorption of protein digestion end-products.

Gene Name:

SLC15A1

Uniprot ID:

P46059

Molecular Weight:

78805.265 Da