Octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid
Relevant Data
Food Additives Approved in the United States:
Food Additives Approved by WHO:
General Information
| Chemical name | Octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid |
| CAS number | 60-33-3 |
| COE number | 694 |
| JECFA number | 332 |
| Flavouring type | substances |
| FL No. | 08.041 |
| Mixture | No |
| Purity of the named substance at least 95% unless otherwise specified | 44-46% linolenic acid; 18-20% linoleic acid; 22-25% stearic and oleic acid; 7-8% palmitic acid |
| Reference body | JECFA |
From webgate.ec.europa.eu
Computed Descriptors
Download SDF| 2D Structure | |
| CID | 5280450 |
| IUPAC Name | (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C18H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h6-7,9-10H,2-5,8,11-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)/b7-6-,10-9- |
| InChI Key | OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N |
| Canonical SMILES | CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O |
| Molecular Formula | C18H32O2 |
| Wikipedia | linolelaidic acid |
From Pubchem
Computed Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 280.452 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 1 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 2 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 14 |
| Complexity | 267.0 |
| CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint | A A A D c f B 4 M A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A G g A A C A A A C A C A g A A C C A A A A g C I A C D S C A A A A A A g A A A I C A E A A A g A A B I A A Q A A Q A A E g A A I A A O I y K C A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A = = |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 37.3 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 280.24 |
| Exact Mass | 280.24 |
| Compound Is Canonicalized | True |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 20 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 2 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
From Pubchem
Food Additives Biosynthesis/Degradation
ADMET Predicted Profile --- Classification
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9539 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.9945 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2+ | 0.8371 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.5962 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9487 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.8964 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.9272 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Plasma membrane | 0.5465 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7643 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8954 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6678 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.9107 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8972 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9545 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9467 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9295 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.9349 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9133 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9103 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.9674 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.6568 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.9712 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.9999 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.7123 |
| Biodegradation | Ready biodegradable | 0.8110 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | IV | 0.8289 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.7021 |
From admetSAR
ADMET Predicted Profile --- Regression
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -4.0398 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 1.3956 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 1.3991 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 1.3809 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | 0.7121 | pIGC50, ug/L |
From admetSAR
Toxicity Profile
| Route of Exposure | |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of Toxicity | |
| Metabolism | |
| Toxicity Values | |
| Lethal Dose | |
| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| Minimum Risk Level | |
| Health Effects | |
| Treatment | |
| Reference |
|
From T3DB
Taxonomic Classification
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
|---|---|
| Superclass | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
| Class | Fatty Acyls |
| Subclass | Lineolic acids and derivatives |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Lineolic acids and derivatives |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Octadecanoid - Long-chain fatty acid - Fatty acid - Unsaturated fatty acid - Straight chain fatty acid - Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives - Carboxylic acid - Carboxylic acid derivative - Organic oxygen compound - Organic oxide - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organooxygen compound - Carbonyl group - Aliphatic acyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as lineolic acids and derivatives. These are derivatives of lineolic acid. Lineolic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 18 carbon long fatty acid, with two CC double bonds at the 9- and 12-positions. |
From ClassyFire
Targets
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels (By similarity).
- Gene Name:
- PPARG
- Uniprot ID:
- P37231
- Molecular Weight:
- 57619.58 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and is antagonized by NR2C2. May be required for the propagation of clock information to metabolic pathways regulated by PER2.
- Gene Name:
- PPARA
- Uniprot ID:
- Q07869
- Molecular Weight:
- 52224.595 Da
References
- Cho MC, Lee S, Choi HS, Yang Y, Tae Hong J, Kim SJ, Yoon DY: Optimization of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to screen ligand of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2009;31(3):459-67. doi: 10.1080/08923970902785246. [19263263 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand.
- Gene Name:
- PPARD
- Uniprot ID:
- Q03181
- Molecular Weight:
- 49902.99 Da
References
- Vanden Heuvel JP, Thompson JT, Frame SR, Gillies PJ: Differential activation of nuclear receptors by perfluorinated fatty acid analogs and natural fatty acids: a comparison of human, mouse, and rat peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, -beta, and -gamma, liver X receptor-beta, and retinoid X receptor-alpha. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Aug;92(2):476-89. Epub 2006 May 26. [16731579 ]
- General Function:
- Cholesterol binding
- Specific Function:
- Can bind protoporphyrin IX and may play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme (By similarity). Promotes the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes and may play a role in lipid metabolism (PubMed:24814875), but its precise physiological role is controversial. It is apparently not required for steroid hormone biosynthesis. Was initially identified as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; can also bind isoquinoline carboxamides (PubMed:1847678).
- Gene Name:
- TSPO
- Uniprot ID:
- P30536
- Molecular Weight:
- 18827.81 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. The high affinity ligand for RXRs is 9-cis retinoic acid. RXRA serves as a common heterodimeric partner for a number of nuclear receptors. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone acetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression. On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and associate with the coactivators leading to transcriptional activation. The RXRA/PPARA heterodimer is required for PPARA transcriptional activity on fatty acid oxidation genes such as ACOX1 and the P450 system genes.
- Gene Name:
- RXRA
- Uniprot ID:
- P19793
- Molecular Weight:
- 50810.835 Da
References
- Vanden Heuvel JP, Thompson JT, Frame SR, Gillies PJ: Differential activation of nuclear receptors by perfluorinated fatty acid analogs and natural fatty acids: a comparison of human, mouse, and rat peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha, -beta, and -gamma, liver X receptor-beta, and retinoid X receptor-alpha. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Aug;92(2):476-89. Epub 2006 May 26. [16731579 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Activated by the antibiotic rifampicin and various plant metabolites, such as hyperforin, guggulipid, colupulone, and isoflavones. Response to specific ligands is species-specific. Activated by naturally occurring steroids, such as pregnenolone and progesterone. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes.
- Gene Name:
- NR1I2
- Uniprot ID:
- O75469
- Molecular Weight:
- 49761.245 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
From T3DB