CITRAL

Relevant Data

Food Additives Approved in the United States

Flavouring Substances Approved by European Union:

  • Citral [show]

General Information

Synonyms: 3,7-DIMETHYL-2,6-OCTADIENAL, GERANIAL AND NERAL, LEMAROME
Chemical Names: 3,7-DIMETHYL-2,6-OCTADIENAL
CAS number: 5392-40-5
JECFA number: 1225
FEMA number: 2303
Functional Class: Flavouring Agent
FLAVOURING_AGENT

From apps.who.int

Evaluations

Evaluation year: 2003
ADI: 0-0.5 mg/kg bw (1979)
Meeting: 23
Specs Code: R (1982)
Comments: Use of citral as a flavouring agent is subsumed in the 1979 group ADI of 0-0.5 mg/kg bw for citral, geranyl acetate, citronellol, linalool, and linallyl acetate, expressed as citral, which was mainted at the sixty-first meeting.
Report: TRS 922-JECFA 61/75
Tox Monograph: FAS 52-JECFA 61/289
Specification: COMPENDIUM ADDENDUM 11/FNP 52 Add. 11/112

From apps.who.int

Toxicity Profile

Route of Exposure
Mechanism of Toxicity
Metabolism
Toxicity Values
Lethal Dose
Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification)No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Minimum Risk Level
Health Effects
Treatment
Reference
  1. Dudai N, Weinstein Y, Krup M, Rabinski T, Ofir R: Citral is a new inducer of caspase-3 in tumor cell lines. Planta Med. 2005 May;71(5):484-8.[15931590 ]
  2. Ortiz MI, Ramirez-Montiel ML, Gonzalez-Garcia MP, Ponce-Monter HA, Castaneda-Hernandez G, Carino-Cortes R: The combination of naproxen and citral reduces nociception and gastric damage in rats. Arch Pharm Res. 2010 Oct;33(10):1691-7. doi: 10.1007/s12272-010-1020-9. Epub 2010 Oct 30.[21052946 ]
  3. Lee HJ, Jeong HS, Kim DJ, Noh YH, Yuk DY, Hong JT: Inhibitory effect of citral on NO production by suppression of iNOS expression and NF-kappa B activation in RAW264.7 cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2008 Mar;31(3):342-9. doi: 10.1007/s12272-001-1162-0. Epub 2008 Apr 13.[18409048 ]

From T3DB

Targets

Target Details

Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2

General Function:
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function:
Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Activated by the antibiotic rifampicin and various plant metabolites, such as hyperforin, guggulipid, colupulone, and isoflavones. Response to specific ligands is species-specific. Activated by naturally occurring steroids, such as pregnenolone and progesterone. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes.
Gene Name:
NR1I2
Uniprot ID:
O75469
Molecular Weight:
49761.245 Da
References
  1. Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]

From T3DB