DESOXYCHOLIC ACID

General Function:

G-protein coupled bile acid receptor activity

Specific Function:

Receptor for bile acid. Bile acid-binding induces its internalization, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and intracellular cAMP production. May be involved in the suppression of macrophage functions by bile acids.

Gene Name:

GPBAR1

Uniprot ID:

Q8TDU6

Molecular Weight:

35247.795 Da

References

1. Yoneno K, Hisamatsu T, Shimamura K, Kamada N, Ichikawa R, Kitazume MT, Mori M, Uo M, Namikawa Y, Matsuoka K, Sato T, Koganei K, Sugita A, Kanai T, Hibi T: TGR5 signalling inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by in vitro differentiated inflammatory and intestinal macrophages in Crohn's disease. Immunology. 2013 May;139(1):19-29. doi: 10.1111/imm.12045. [23566200 ]

General Function:

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function:

Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor for bile acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid. Represses the transcription of the cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A1) through the induction of NR0B2 or FGF19 expression, via two distinct mechanisms. Activates the intestinal bile acid-binding protein (IBABP). Activates the transcription of bile salt export pump ABCB11 by directly recruiting histone methyltransferase CARM1 to this locus.

Gene Name:

NR1H4

Uniprot ID:

Q96RI1

Molecular Weight:

55913.915 Da

References

1. Fujino T, Une M, Imanaka T, Inoue K, Nishimaki-Mogami T: Structure-activity relationship of bile acids and bile acid analogs in regard to FXR activation. J Lipid Res. 2004 Jan;45(1):132-8. Epub 2003 Sep 16. [13130122 ]

General Function:

S-nitrosoglutathione binding

Specific Function:

Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration.

Gene Name:

GSTP1

Uniprot ID:

P09211

Molecular Weight:

23355.625 Da

References

1. Nobuoka A, Takayama T, Miyanishi K, Sato T, Takanashi K, Hayashi T, Kukitsu T, Sato Y, Takahashi M, Okamoto T, Matsunaga T, Kato J, Oda M, Azuma T, Niitsu Y: Glutathione-S-transferase P1-1 protects aberrant crypt foci from apoptosis induced by deoxycholic acid. Gastroenterology. 2004 Aug;127(2):428-43. [15300575 ]

General Function:

Steroid delta-isomerase activity

Gene Name:

ksi

Uniprot ID:

P07445

Molecular Weight:

14535.48 Da

General Function:

Metal ion binding

Gene Name:

ppcA

Uniprot ID:

Q8GGK7

Molecular Weight:

9747.54 Da

General Function:

Ribosome binding

Specific Function:

Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit and translational activation of ribosomes. Together with SBDS, triggers the GTP-dependent release of EIF6 from 60S pre-ribosomes in the cytoplasm, thereby activating ribosomes for translation competence by allowing 80S ribosome assembly and facilitating EIF6 recycling to the nucleus, where it is required for 60S rRNA processing and nuclear export. Has low intrinsic GTPase activity. GTPase activity is increased by contact with 60S ribosome subunits.

Gene Name:

EFTUD1

Uniprot ID:

Q7Z2Z2

Molecular Weight:

125428.745 Da

General Function:

Choloylglycine hydrolase activity

Specific Function:

The enzyme catalyzes the degradation of conjugated bile acids in the mammalian gut.

Gene Name:

cbh

Uniprot ID:

P54965

Molecular Weight:

37185.0 Da

General Function:

Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [nad(p)+] activity

Specific Function:

Acts on lactaldehyde as well as other aldehydes.

Gene Name:

aldA

Uniprot ID:

P25553

Molecular Weight:

52272.37 Da

General Function:

Identical protein binding

Specific Function:

AcrA-AcrB-AcrZ-TolC is a drug efflux protein complex with broad substrate specificity that uses the proton motive force to export substrates.Involved in contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI), acts downstream of BamA, the receptor for CDI. Its role in CDI is independent of the AcrA-AcrB-TolC efflux pump complex.

Gene Name:

acrB

Uniprot ID:

P31224

Molecular Weight:

113572.75 Da

General Function:

Iron ion binding

Specific Function:

Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Subunits 1-3 form the functional core of the enzyme complex. Co I is the catalytic subunit of the enzyme. Electrons originating in cytochrome c are transferred via the copper A center of subunit 2 and heme a of subunit 1 to the bimetallic center formed by heme a3 and copper B. This cytochrome c oxidase shows proton pump activity across the membrane in addition to the electron transfer.

Gene Name:

ctaD

Uniprot ID:

P33517

Molecular Weight:

63146.395 Da

General Function:

Cytochrome-c oxidase activity

Specific Function:

Subunits I and II form the functional core of the enzyme complex. Electrons originating in cytochrome c are transferred via heme a and Cu(A) to the binuclear center formed by heme a3 and Cu(B).

Gene Name:

ctaC

Uniprot ID:

Q03736

Molecular Weight:

32930.42 Da