L(+)-TARTARIC ACID
Relevant Data
Food Additives Approved in the United States
Flavouring Substances Approved by European Union:
Food Additives Approved by European Union:
General Information
| Chemical Names: | L-TARTARIC ACID, L-2,3-DIHYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID; L-2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID |
| CAS number: | 87-69-4 |
| JECFA number: | 621 |
| INS: | 334 |
| Functional Class: |
Flavouring Agent FLAVOURING_AGENT Food Additives ACID ANTIOXIDANT_SYNERGIST SEQUESTRANT SYNERGIST |
From apps.who.int
Evaluations
| Evaluation year: | 2017 |
| ADI: | 0-30 mg/kg bw |
| Meeting: | 84 |
| Comments: | At the 84th JECFA meeting the Committee concluded that the group ADI for L(+)-tartaric acid and its sodium, potassium, potassium sodium salts should also include metatartaric acid. As metatartaric acid undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis to tartaric acid prior to systemic absorption, the biochemical and toxicological data on tartaric acid considered at previous meetings are relevant to the safety assessment of metatartaric acid. Previously evaluated and new studies suggest no change to the group ADI previously established for L(+)-tartaric acid and its sodium, potassium and potassium–sodium salts, expressed as L(+)-tartaric acid. The Committee concluded that metatartaric acid (when used in winemaking) should be included in the group ADI of 0–30 mg/kg bw for L(+)-tartaric acid and its sodium, potassium, potassium–sodium salts, expressed as L(+)-tartaric acid. |
| Report: | TRS 1007-JECFA 84/43 |
From apps.who.int
GSFA Provisions for L(+)-TARTARIC ACID
| Number | Food Category | Max Level | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 07.1 | Bread and ordinary bakery wares |
4,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 388 |
| 07.2.1 | Cakes, cookies and pies (e.g. fruit-filled or custard types) |
5,000 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 04.1.2.7 | Candied fruit |
20,000 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 04.2.2.4 | Canned or bottled (pasteurized) or retort pouch vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds |
1,300 mg/kg | Note 45,Note XS259R,Note XS145,Note XS257R,Note XS297,Note XS57,Note XS13,Note XS38 |
| 06.5 | Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g. rice pudding, tapioca pudding) |
2,860 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 05.3 | Chewing gum |
30,000 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 05.1.4 | Cocoa and chocolate products |
5,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 128 |
| 05.1.1 | Cocoa mixes (powders) and cocoa mass/cake |
5,000 mg/kg | Note 97,Note 45,Note 128 |
| 05.1.2 | Cocoa mixes (syrups) |
2,000 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 05.1.3 | Cocoa-based spreads, including fillings |
2,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note XS86 |
| 14.1.2.3 | Concentrates for fruit juice |
4,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 128,Note 129,Note 127 |
| 14.1.3.3 | Concentrates for fruit nectar |
4,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 128,Note 127 |
| 05.2 | Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougats, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3 and 05.4 |
2,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note XS309R |
| 01.7 | Dairy-based desserts (e.g. pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt) |
2,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note XS243 |
| 05.4 | Decorations (e.g. for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit) and sweet sauces |
8,000 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 08.4 | Edible casings (e.g. sausage casings) |
2,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 365 |
| 03.0 | Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet |
4,000 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 02.3 | Fat emulsions mainly of type oil-in-water, including mixed and/or flavoured products based on fat emulsions |
100 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 02.2.2 | Fat spreads, dairy fat spreads and blended spreads |
100 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 361 |
| 02.4 | Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7 |
100 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 01.2.1.2 | Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation |
2,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 230 |
| 06.2.1 | Flours |
5,000 mg/kg | Note 186,Note 45 |
| 06.4.1 | Fresh pastas and noodles and like products |
5,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 128 |
| 08.3.3 | Frozen processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products |
500 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 04.1.2.11 | Fruit fillings for pastries |
10,000 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 14.1.2.1 | Fruit juice |
4,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 128,Note 129 |
| 14.1.3.1 | Fruit nectar |
4,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 128 |
| 04.1.2.9 | Fruit-based desserts, including fruit-flavoured water-based desserts |
1,000 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 08.3.2 | Heat-treated processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products |
500 mg/kg | Note 45,Note XS88,Note XS98,Note XS89 |
| 05.1.5 | Imitation chocolate, chocolate substitute products |
5,000 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 04.1.2.5 | Jams, jellies, marmelades |
3,000 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 07.2.3 | Mixes for fine bakery wares (e.g. cakes, pancakes) |
8,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 11 |
| 08.3.1 | Non-heat treated processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products |
500 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 07.2.2 | Other fine bakery products (e.g. doughnuts, sweet rolls, scones, and muffins) |
500 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 06.4.3 | Pre-cooked pastas and noodles and like products |
7,500 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 128,Note 194 |
| 06.2.2 | Starches |
2,000 mg/kg | Note 45 |
| 01.6.1 | Unripened cheese |
1,500 mg/kg | Note 45,Note 351 |
| 04.2.2.3 | Vegetables (including mushrooms and fungi, roots and tubers, pulses and legumes, and aloe vera), and seaweeds in vinegar, oil, brine, or soybean sauce |
15,000 mg/kg | Note 45,Note XS115,Note XS38 |
From www.fao.org
Computed Descriptors
Download SDF| 2D Structure | |
| CID | 444305 |
| IUPAC Name | (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t1-,2-/m1/s1 |
| InChI Key | FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N |
| Canonical SMILES | C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O |
| Molecular Formula | C4H6O6 |
| Wikipedia | L-tartaric acid |
From Pubchem
Computed Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 150.086 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 4 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 6 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 3 |
| Complexity | 134.0 |
| CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint | A A A D c Y B g O A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A G g A A C A A A C B S g g A I A C A A A A g A I A A C Q C A I A A A A A A A A A A A F A A A A B E B Q A A A A A Q A A F I A A B A A B D A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A = = |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 115.0 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 150.016 |
| Exact Mass | 150.016 |
| XLogP3 | None |
| XLogP3-AA | -1.9 |
| Compound Is Canonicalized | True |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 10 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 2 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
From Pubchem
Food Additives Biosynthesis/Degradation
ADMET Predicted Profile --- Classification
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.8035 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA- | 0.5320 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2- | 0.8783 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7685 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9789 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9739 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.9633 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.7202 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8684 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.9168 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7763 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9357 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9071 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9544 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9695 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8884 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.9877 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9914 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9749 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.9289 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.6841 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.5092 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | Low TPT | 0.9520 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.6536 |
| Biodegradation | Ready biodegradable | 0.9397 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | III | 0.8267 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.7788 |
From admetSAR
ADMET Predicted Profile --- Regression
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | 0.4494 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | -0.5989 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 1.4627 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 2.2183 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | -0.9661 | pIGC50, ug/L |
From admetSAR
Toxicity Profile
| Route of Exposure | |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of Toxicity | |
| Metabolism | |
| Toxicity Values | |
| Lethal Dose | |
| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC). |
| Minimum Risk Level | |
| Health Effects | |
| Treatment | |
| Reference |
|
From T3DB
Taxonomic Classification
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
|---|---|
| Superclass | Organic oxygen compounds |
| Class | Organooxygen compounds |
| Subclass | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Sugar acids and derivatives |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Beta-hydroxy acid - Short-chain hydroxy acid - Sugar acid - Monosaccharide - Hydroxy acid - Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives - Alpha-hydroxy acid - Fatty acid - Secondary alcohol - 1,2-diol - Carboxylic acid - Carboxylic acid derivative - Alcohol - Carbonyl group - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organic oxide - Aliphatic acyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. |
From ClassyFire
Targets
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of ARNTL/BMAL1 in the blood vessels (By similarity).
- Gene Name:
- PPARG
- Uniprot ID:
- P37231
- Molecular Weight:
- 57619.58 Da
References
- Sipes NS, Martin MT, Kothiya P, Reif DM, Judson RS, Richard AM, Houck KA, Dix DJ, Kavlock RJ, Knudsen TB: Profiling 976 ToxCast chemicals across 331 enzymatic and receptor signaling assays. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jun 17;26(6):878-95. doi: 10.1021/tx400021f. Epub 2013 May 16. [23611293 ]
From T3DB