SODIUM CHLORIDE
Relevant Data
Food Additives Approved in the United States
General Information
Evaluations
| Evaluation year: | 1985 |
| Meeting: | 29 |
| Report: | TRS 733-JECFA 29/13 |
From apps.who.int
Computed Descriptors
Download SDF| 2D Structure | |
| CID | 5234 |
| IUPAC Name | sodium;chloride |
| InChI | InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 |
| InChI Key | FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| Canonical SMILES | [Na+].[Cl-] |
| Molecular Formula | NaCl |
| Wikipedia | sodium chloride |
From Pubchem
Computed Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 58.44 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 1 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 0 |
| Complexity | 2.0 |
| CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint | A A A D c Q A A A C A E A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A = = |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 0.0 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 57.959 |
| Exact Mass | 57.959 |
| Compound Is Canonicalized | True |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 2 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 2 |
From Pubchem
Toxicity Profile
| Route of Exposure | |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of Toxicity | A high salt diet disrupts the natural sodium balance in the body. This causes fluid retention which increases the pressure exerted by the blood against blood vessel walls leading to high blood pressure or hypertension. It has been estimated that a reduction in salt intake from 10g a day to 6g could reduce blood pressure sufficiently that it would lead to a 16% reduction in deaths from strokes and a 12% reduction in deaths from coronary heart disease. |
| Metabolism | |
| Toxicity Values | The World Health Organization recommends that all adults should consume less than 2,000 mg of sodium (which is equivalent to 5 g of salt) per day. |
| Lethal Dose | LD50 3000 mg/kg (oral, rat), LD50 1000 mg/kg (humans) |
| Carcinogenicity (IARC Classification) | Not listed by IARC. |
| Minimum Risk Level | |
| Health Effects | Too much or too little salt in the diet can lead to muscle cramps, dizziness, or electrolyte disturbance, which can cause neurological problems, or eveb death. Death can occur by ingestion of large amounts of salt in a short time (about 1 g per kg of body weight). Deaths have also resulted from attempted use of salt solutions as emetics, forced salt intake, and accidental confusion of salt with sugar in child food. Long term or chronically excessive intake of salt can lead to stroke, high blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy and stomach cancer. |
| Treatment | |
| Reference |
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From T3DB
Taxonomic Classification
| Kingdom | Inorganic compounds |
|---|---|
| Superclass | Mixed metal/non-metal compounds |
| Class | Alkali metal salts |
| Subclass | Alkali metal chlorides |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Alkali metal chlorides |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Not available |
| Substituents | Alkali metal chloride - Inorganic chloride salt - Inorganic sodium salt - Inorganic salt |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal chlorides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is Chlorine, and the heaviest metal atom is an alkali metal. |
From ClassyFire
Targets
- General Function:
- Metallopeptidase activity
- Specific Function:
- May be involved in mediating calcium-activated chloride conductance. May play critical roles in goblet cell metaplasia, mucus hypersecretion, cystic fibrosis and AHR. May be involved in the regulation of mucus production and/or secretion by goblet cells. Involved in the regulation of tissue inflammation in the innate immune response. May play a role as a tumor suppressor. Induces MUC5AC.
- Gene Name:
- CLCA1
- Uniprot ID:
- A8K7I4
- Molecular Weight:
- 100224.765 Da
- General Function:
- Metallopeptidase activity
- Specific Function:
- Plays a role in modulating chloride current across the plasma membrane in a calcium-dependent manner, and cell adhesion. Involved in basal cell adhesion and/or stratification of squamous epithelia. May act as a tumor suppressor in breast and colorectal cancer. Plays a key role for cell adhesion in the beginning stages of lung metastasis via the binding to ITGB4.
- Gene Name:
- CLCA2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9UQC9
- Molecular Weight:
- 103940.01 Da
- General Function:
- Metallopeptidase activity
- Specific Function:
- May be involved in mediating calcium-activated chloride conductance.
- Gene Name:
- CLCA4
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14CN2
- Molecular Weight:
- 101281.61 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated ion channel activity
- Gene Name:
- CLCA3P
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9Y6N3
- Molecular Weight:
- 29971.085 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel. Chloride channels have several functions including the regulation of cell volume; membrane potential stabilization, signal transduction and transepithelial transport.
- Gene Name:
- CLCN1
- Uniprot ID:
- P35523
- Molecular Weight:
- 108625.435 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel. Chloride channels have several functions including the regulation of cell volume; membrane potential stabilization, signal transduction and transepithelial transport.
- Gene Name:
- CLCN2
- Uniprot ID:
- P51788
- Molecular Weight:
- 98534.425 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel. Chloride channels have several functions including the regulation of cell volume; membrane potential stabilization, signal transduction and transepithelial transport. May be important in urinary concentrating mechanisms.
- Gene Name:
- CLCNKA
- Uniprot ID:
- P51800
- Molecular Weight:
- 75284.08 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel. Chloride channels have several functions including the regulation of cell volume; membrane potential stabilization, signal transduction and transepithelial transport. May be important in urinary concentrating mechanisms.
- Gene Name:
- CLCNKB
- Uniprot ID:
- P51801
- Molecular Weight:
- 75445.3 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Chloride transport protein, initially identified as voltage-gated chloride channel. The presence of the conserved gating glutamate residues suggests that is functions as antiporter.
- Gene Name:
- CLCN6
- Uniprot ID:
- P51797
- Molecular Weight:
- 97287.84 Da
- General Function:
- Volume-sensitive chloride channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Mediates the exchange of chloride ions against protons. Functions as antiporter and contributes to the acidification of the endosome and synaptic vesicle lumen, and may thereby affect vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. May play an important role in neuronal cell function through regulation of membrane excitability by protein kinase C. It could help neuronal cells to establish short-term memory.
- Gene Name:
- CLCN3
- Uniprot ID:
- P51790
- Molecular Weight:
- 90965.275 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Proton-coupled chloride transporter. Functions as antiport system and exchanges chloride ions against protons.
- Gene Name:
- CLCN4
- Uniprot ID:
- P51793
- Molecular Weight:
- 84915.965 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Proton-coupled chloride transporter. Functions as antiport system and exchanges chloride ions against protons. Important for normal acidification of the endosome lumen. May play an important role in renal tubular function.
- Gene Name:
- CLCN5
- Uniprot ID:
- P51795
- Molecular Weight:
- 83146.045 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated chloride channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Slowly voltage-gated channel mediating the exchange of chloride ions against protons. Functions as antiporter and contributes to the acidification of the lysosome lumen.
- Gene Name:
- CLCN7
- Uniprot ID:
- P51798
- Molecular Weight:
- 88678.26 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient.
- Gene Name:
- SCN1A
- Uniprot ID:
- P35498
- Molecular Weight:
- 228969.49 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient.
- Gene Name:
- SCN2A
- Uniprot ID:
- Q99250
- Molecular Weight:
- 227972.64 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity
- Specific Function:
- Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient.
- Gene Name:
- SCN3A
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9NY46
- Molecular Weight:
- 226291.905 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity
- Specific Function:
- This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. This sodium channel may be present in both denervated and innervated skeletal muscle.
- Gene Name:
- SCN4A
- Uniprot ID:
- P35499
- Molecular Weight:
- 208059.175 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in sa node cell action potential
- Specific Function:
- This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channel isoform. This channel is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential. Channel inactivation is regulated by intracellular calcium levels.
- Gene Name:
- SCN5A
- Uniprot ID:
- Q14524
- Molecular Weight:
- 226937.475 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in purkinje myocyte action potential
- Specific Function:
- Crucial in the assembly, expression, and functional modulation of the heterotrimeric complex of the sodium channel. The subunit beta-1 can modulate multiple alpha subunit isoforms from brain, skeletal muscle, and heart. Its association with neurofascin may target the sodium channels to the nodes of Ranvier of developing axons and retain these channels at the nodes in mature myelinated axons.Isoform 2: Cell adhesion molecule that plays a critical role in neuronal migration and pathfinding during brain development. Stimulates neurite outgrowth.
- Gene Name:
- SCN1B
- Uniprot ID:
- Q07699
- Molecular Weight:
- 24706.955 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential
- Specific Function:
- Crucial in the assembly, expression, and functional modulation of the heterotrimeric complex of the sodium channel. The subunit beta-2 causes an increase in the plasma membrane surface area and in its folding into microvilli. Interacts with TNR may play a crucial role in clustering and regulation of activity of sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier (By similarity).
- Gene Name:
- SCN2B
- Uniprot ID:
- O60939
- Molecular Weight:
- 24325.69 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential
- Specific Function:
- Modulates channel gating kinetics. Causes unique persistent sodium currents. Inactivates the sodium channel opening more slowly than the subunit beta-1. Its association with neurofascin may target the sodium channels to the nodes of Ranvier of developing axons and retain these channels at the nodes in mature myelinated axons (By similarity).
- Gene Name:
- SCN3B
- Uniprot ID:
- Q9NY72
- Molecular Weight:
- 24702.08 Da
- General Function:
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential
- Specific Function:
- Modulates channel gating kinetics. Causes negative shifts in the voltage dependence of activation of certain alpha sodium channels, but does not affect the voltage dependence of inactivation. Modulates the suceptibility of the sodium channel to inhibition by toxic peptides from spider, scorpion, wasp and sea anemone venom.
- Gene Name:
- SCN4B
- Uniprot ID:
- Q8IWT1
- Molecular Weight:
- 24968.755 Da
From T3DB