ANNATTO EXTRACTS
Relevant Data
Food Additives Approved in the United States
Food Additives Approved by European Union:
General Information
| Synonyms: | L. ORANGE, ORLEAN, ROCOU, TERRE ORELLANA |
| Chemical Names: | BIXIN: 9'-cis(or trans)-6,6'-DIapoCAROTENE-6,6'-DIOIC ACID, MONOMETHYL ESTER; NORBIXIN: 6'-METHYLHYDROGEN-9'-cis(or trans)-6,6'-DIapoCAROTENE-6,6'-DIOATE, Na or K |
| CAS number: | 1393-63-1 |
| INS: | 160b |
| Functional Class: |
Food Additives COLOUR |
From apps.who.int
Evaluations
| Evaluation year: | 2006 |
| ADI: | BIXIN: 0-12 mg/kg bw; NORBIXIN AND ITS SODIUM AND POTASSIUM SALT: 0-0.6 mg/kg bw (group ADI, expressed as norbixin) |
| Meeting: | 46 |
| Specs Code: | R (1996) |
| Comments: | ADI for bixin is applicable to the following annatto extracts, provided they comply with the respective specifications: - solvent-extracted bixin (= 85% bixin, = 2.5% norbixin) - aqueous processed bixin (= 25% bixin, = 7% norbixin) and does not apply to oil-processed bixin (=10 % bixin) Group ADI for norbixin and its sodium and potassium salts is applicable to the following annatto extracts, provided they comply with the respective specifications: - solvent-extracted norbixin (= 85% norbixin) - alkali-processed norbixin, acid-precipitated (= 35% norbixin) and not acid precipitated (= 15% norbixin) In re-evaluating the studies of toxicity with solvent-extracted bixin (92% bixin) and solvent-extracted norbixin (91.6% norbixin) and in light of the additional compositional data, the Committee considered that ADIs could be allocated to these pigments, on the basis of studies conducted on the extracts. As no NOEL could be identified for oil-processed bixin and no compositional data were available, the Committee decided that the above evaluation could not be applied to this extract. |
| Report: | TRS 940-JECFA 67/11 |
| Tox Monograph: | FAS 58-JECFA 67 |
From apps.who.int
Computed Descriptors
Download SDF| 2D Structure | |
| CID | 6537492 |
| IUPAC Name | (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16Z,18E)-4,8,13,17-tetramethylicosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18-nonaenedioic acid |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C24H28O4/c1-19(11-7-13-21(3)15-17-23(25)26)9-5-6-10-20(2)12-8-14-22(4)16-18-24(27)28/h5-18H,1-4H3,(H,25,26)(H,27,28)/b6-5+,11-7+,12-8+,17-15+,18-16+,19-9+,20-10+,21-13-,22-14+ |
| InChI Key | ZVKOASAVGLETCT-LRRSNBNMSA-N |
| Canonical SMILES | CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC(=O)O)C=CC=C(C)C=CC(=O)O |
| Molecular Formula | C24H28O4 |
| Wikipedia | α-norbixin |
From Pubchem
Computed Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 380.484 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 2 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 4 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 10 |
| Complexity | 740.0 |
| CACTVS Substructure Key Fingerprint | A A A D c e B 4 O A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A G g A A C A A A D A C A g A A C C A A A A g C I A i D S C A A A A A A g A A A I C A A A A E g I B A A A A Q A A E A A A A A A I k Y I A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A = = |
| Topological Polar Surface Area | 74.6 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 380.199 |
| Exact Mass | 380.199 |
| XLogP3 | None |
| XLogP3-AA | 7.2 |
| Compound Is Canonicalized | True |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 28 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 9 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
From Pubchem
ADMET Predicted Profile --- Classification
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.6535 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 0.8642 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2- | 0.5688 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6799 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9421 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9568 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.9584 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.7339 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8423 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.9182 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6422 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9610 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8723 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9233 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9456 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9131 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.9585 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9754 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9784 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.8329 |
| Carcinogens | Carcinogens | 0.5695 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.7354 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | Low TPT | 0.9288 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.8186 |
| Biodegradation | Ready biodegradable | 0.6935 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | III | 0.7297 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.6870 |
From admetSAR
ADMET Predicted Profile --- Regression
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -0.9650 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 0.6721 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 1.9463 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | 1.3531 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | -0.4035 | pIGC50, ug/L |
From admetSAR
Taxonomic Classification
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
|---|---|
| Superclass | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
| Class | Prenol lipids |
| Subclass | Diterpenoids |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Not available |
| Direct Parent | Acyclic diterpenoids |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Acyclic diterpenoid - Long-chain fatty acid - Branched fatty acid - Methyl-branched fatty acid - Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives - Fatty acyl - Fatty acid - Unsaturated fatty acid - Carboxylic acid derivative - Carboxylic acid - Organic oxygen compound - Carbonyl group - Organic oxide - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organooxygen compound - Aliphatic acyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic diterpenoids. These are diterpenoids (compounds made of four consecutive isoprene units) that do not contain a cycle. |
From ClassyFire