Glutamate decarboxylase alpha

NameGlutamate decarboxylase alpha
Synonyms
  • 4.1.1.15
  • GAD-alpha
  • gadS
Gene NamegadA
OrganismEscherichia coli (strain K12)
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021687|Glutamate decarboxylase alpha
MDQKLLTDFRSELLDSRFGAKAISTIAESKRFPLHEMRDDVAFQIINDELYLDGNARQNL
ATFCQTWDDENVHKLMDLSINKNWIDKEEYPQSAAIDLRCVNMVADLWHAPAPKNGQAVG
TNTIGSSEACMLGGMAMKWRWRKRMEAAGKPTDKPNLVCGPVQICWHKFARYWDVELREI
PMRPGQLFMDPKRMIEACDENTIGVVPTFGVTYTGNYEFPQPLHDALDKFQADTGIDIDM
HIDAASGGFLAPFVAPDIVWDFRLPRVKSISASGHKFGLAPLGCGWVIWRDEEALPQELV
FNVDYLGGQIGTFAINFSRPAGQVIAQYYEFLRLGREGYTKVQNASYQVAAYLADEIAKL
GPYEFICTGRPDEGIPAVCFKLKDGEDPGYTLYDLSERLRLRGWQVPAFTLGGEATDIVV
MRIMCRRGFEMDFAELLLEDYKASLKYLSDHPKLQGIAQQNSFKHT
Number of residuesNone
Molecular Weight52684.685
Theoretical pI5.04
GO Classification
Functions
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
  • glutamate decarboxylase activity
Processes
  • glutamate metabolic process
  • intracellular pH elevation
Components
  • membrane
  • cytosol
General FunctionPyridoxal phosphate binding
Specific FunctionConverts glutamate to gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA), consuming one intracellular proton in the reaction. The gad system helps to maintain a near-neutral intracellular pH when cells are exposed to extremely acidic conditions. The ability to survive transit through the acidic conditions of the stomach is essential for successful colonization of the mammalian host by commensal and pathogenic bacteria.
Transmembrane Regions
GenBank Protein ID
UniProtKB IDP69908
UniProtKB Entry Name
Cellular LocationNone
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021688|Glutamate decarboxylase alpha (gadA)
ATGGACCAGAAGCTGTTAACGGATTTCCGCTCAGAACTACTCGATTCACGTTTTGGCGCA
AAGGCCATTTCTACTATCGCGGAGTCAAAACGATTTCCGCTGCACGAAATGCGCGATGAT
GTCGCATTTCAGATTATCAATGATGAATTATATCTTGATGGCAACGCTCGTCAGAACCTG
GCCACTTTCTGCCAGACCTGGGACGACGAAAACGTCCATAAATTGATGGATTTGTCGATC
AATAAAAACTGGATCGACAAAGAAGAATATCCGCAATCCGCAGCCATCGACCTGCGTTGC
GTAAATATGGTTGCCGATCTGTGGCATGCGCCTGCGCCGAAAAATGGTCAGGCCGTTGGC
ACCAACACCATTGGTTCTTCCGAGGCCTGTATGCTCGGCGGGATGGCGATGAAATGGCGT
TGGCGCAAGCGTATGGAAGCTGCAGGCAAACCAACGGATAAACCAAACCTGGTGTGCGGT
CCGGTACAAATCTGCTGGCATAAATTCGCCCGCTACTGGGATGTGGAGCTGCGTGAGATC
CCTATGCGCCCCGGTCAGTTGTTTATGGACCCGAAACGCATGATTGAAGCCTGTGACGAA
AACACCATCGGCGTGGTGCCGACTTTCGGCGTGACCTACACCGGTAACTATGAGTTCCCA
CAACCGCTGCACGATGCGCTGGATAAATTCCAGGCCGACACCGGTATCGACATCGACATG
CACATCGACGCTGCCAGCGGTGGCTTCCTGGCACCGTTCGTCGCCCCGGATATCGTCTGG
GACTTCCGCCTGCCGCGTGTGAAATCGATCAGTGCTTCAGGCCATAAATTCGGTCTGGCT
CCGCTGGGCTGCGGCTGGGTTATCTGGCGTGACGAAGAAGCGCTGCCGCAGGAACTGGTG
TTCAACGTTGACTACCTGGGTGGTCAAATTGGTACTTTTGCCATCAACTTCTCCCGCCCG
GCGGGTCAGGTAATTGCACAGTACTATGAATTCCTGCGCCTCGGTCGTGAAGGCTATACC
AAAGTACAGAACGCCTCTTACCAGGTTGCCGCTTATCTGGCGGATGAAATCGCCAAACTG
GGGCCGTATGAGTTCATCTGTACGGGTCGCCCGGACGAAGGCATCCCGGCGGTTTGCTTC
AAACTGAAAGATGGTGAAGATCCGGGATACACCCTGTACGACCTCTCTGAACGTCTGCGT
CTGCGCGGCTGGCAGGTTCCGGCCTTCACTCTCGGCGGTGAAGCCACCGACATCGTGGTG
ATGCGCATTATGTGTCGTCGCGGCTTCGAAATGGACTTTGCTGAACTGTTGCTGGAAGAC
TACAAAGCCTCCCTGAAATATCTCAGCGATCACCCGAAACTGCAGGGTATTGCCCAGCAG
AACAGCTTTAAACACACCTGA
GenBank Gene ID
GeneCard IDNone
GenAtlas ID
HGNC ID
Chromosome LocationNone
LocusNone
References
  1. Smith DK, Kassam T, Singh B, Elliott JF: Escherichia coli has two homologous glutamate decarboxylase genes that map to distinct loci. J Bacteriol. 1992 Sep;174(18):5820-6. [1522060 ]
  2. Maras B, Sweeney G, Barra D, Bossa F, John RA: The amino acid sequence of glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. Evolutionary relationship between mammalian and bacterial enzymes. Eur J Biochem. 1992 Feb 15;204(1):93-8. [1740158 ]
  3. Sofia HJ, Burland V, Daniels DL, Plunkett G 3rd, Blattner FR: Analysis of the Escherichia coli genome. V. DNA sequence of the region from 76.0 to 81.5 minutes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jul 11;22(13):2576-86. [8041620 ]
  4. Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y: The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12. Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62. [9278503 ]
  5. Hayashi K, Morooka N, Yamamoto Y, Fujita K, Isono K, Choi S, Ohtsubo E, Baba T, Wanner BL, Mori H, Horiuchi T: Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110. Mol Syst Biol. 2006;2:2006.0007. Epub 2006 Feb 21. [16738553 ]
  6. Yoshida T, Yamashino T, Ueguchi C, Mizuno T: Expression of the Escherichia coli dimorphic glutamic acid decarboxylases is regulated by the nucleoid protein H-NS. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1993 Sep;57(9):1568-9. [7764225 ]
  7. Link AJ, Robison K, Church GM: Comparing the predicted and observed properties of proteins encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. Electrophoresis. 1997 Aug;18(8):1259-313. [9298646 ]
  8. VanBogelen RA, Abshire KZ, Moldover B, Olson ER, Neidhardt FC: Escherichia coli proteome analysis using the gene-protein database. Electrophoresis. 1997 Aug;18(8):1243-51. [9298644 ]
  9. De Biase D, Tramonti A, Bossa F, Visca P: The response to stationary-phase stress conditions in Escherichia coli: role and regulation of the glutamic acid decarboxylase system. Mol Microbiol. 1999 Jun;32(6):1198-211. [10383761 ]
  10. Tramonti A, Visca P, De Canio M, Falconi M, De Biase D: Functional characterization and regulation of gadX, a gene encoding an AraC/XylS-like transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli glutamic acid decarboxylase system. J Bacteriol. 2002 May;184(10):2603-13. [11976288 ]
  11. Masuda N, Church GM: Escherichia coli gene expression responsive to levels of the response regulator EvgA. J Bacteriol. 2002 Nov;184(22):6225-34. [12399493 ]
  12. Ma Z, Richard H, Tucker DL, Conway T, Foster JW: Collaborative regulation of Escherichia coli glutamate-dependent acid resistance by two AraC-like regulators, GadX and GadW (YhiW). J Bacteriol. 2002 Dec;184(24):7001-12. [12446650 ]
  13. Waterman SR, Small PL: Transcriptional expression of Escherichia coli glutamate-dependent acid resistance genes gadA and gadBC in an hns rpoS mutant. J Bacteriol. 2003 Aug;185(15):4644-7. [12867478 ]
  14. Masuda N, Church GM: Regulatory network of acid resistance genes in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 2003 May;48(3):699-712. [12694615 ]
  15. Ma Z, Gong S, Richard H, Tucker DL, Conway T, Foster JW: GadE (YhiE) activates glutamate decarboxylase-dependent acid resistance in Escherichia coli K-12. Mol Microbiol. 2003 Sep;49(5):1309-20. [12940989 ]

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