Candidapepsin-2

NameCandidapepsin-2
Synonyms
  • 3.4.23.24
  • ACP 2
  • Aspartate protease 2
  • PEP11
  • PRA11
  • PRA2
  • Secreted aspartic protease 2
Gene NameSAP2
OrganismYeast
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0017538|Candidapepsin-2
MFLKNIFIALAIALLVDATPTTTKRSAGFVALDFSVVKTPKAFPVTNGQEGKTSKRQAVP
VTLHNEQVTYAADITVGSNNQKLNVIVDTGSSDLWVPDVNVDCQVTYSDQTADFCKQKGT
YDPSGSSASQDLNTPFKIGYGDGSSSQGTLYKDTVGFGGVSIKNQVLADVDSTSIDQGIL
GVGYKTNEAGGSYDNVPVTLKKQGVIAKNAYSLYLNSPDAATGQIIFGGVDNAKYSGSLI
ALPVTSDRELRISLGSVEVSGKTINTDNVDVLVDSGTTITYLQQDLADQIIKAFNGKLTQ
DSNGNSFYEVDCNLSGDVVFNFSKNAKISVPASEFAASLQGDDGQPYDKCQLLFDVNDAN
ILGDNFLRSAYIVYDLDDNEISLAQVKYTSASSISALT
Number of residuesNone
Molecular Weight42315.655
Theoretical pI4.25
GO Classification
Functions
  • drug binding
  • aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
Processes
  • proteolysis
  • fungal-type cell wall organization
  • induction by symbiont of defense-related host calcium ion flux
  • induction by symbiont of host defense response
  • pathogenesis
  • protein metabolic process
  • adhesion of symbiont to host
  • protein catabolic process
  • nitrogen compound metabolic process
  • cellular protein catabolic process
  • signal peptide processing
Components
  • fungal-type cell wall
  • extracellular region
  • anchored component of external side of plasma membrane
General FunctionDrug binding
Specific FunctionSecreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. Induces host inflammatory cytokine production in a proteolytic activity-independent way. Plays a role in tissue damage during superficial infection. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms of the same physiological niche using the microbicidal peptides generated from the host protein.
Transmembrane Regions
GenBank Protein ID
UniProtKB IDP0DJ06
UniProtKB Entry Name
Cellular LocationSecreted
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0017539|Candidapepsin-2 (SAP2)
ATGTTTTTAAAGAATATTTTCATTGCTCTTGCTATTGCTTTATTAGTCGATGCTACTCCA
ACAACAACCAAAAGATCAGCTGGTTTCGTTGCTTTAGATTTCAGTGTTGTGAAAACTCCT
AAAGCATTCCCAGTTACTAATGGTCAAGAAGGTAAAACTTCCAAAAGACAAGCTGTCCCA
GTGACTTTACACAATGAACAAGTCACTTATGCTGCTGATATTACCGTTGGATCCAATAAT
CAAAAACTTAATGTTATTGTTGATACTGGATCATCAGATTTATGGGTTCCTGATGTTAAT
GTTGATTGTCAAGTCACTTATAGTGATCAAACTGCAGATTTCTGTAAACAAAAGGGGACA
TATGATCCAAGTGGTTCATCAGCTTCACAAGATTTGAATACTCCATTCAAAATTGGTTAT
GGTGATGGATCTTCATCTCAAGGTACTTTATATAAGGATACCGTTGGATTTGGTGGTGTT
TCGATTAAAAATCAAGTTTTAGCTGATGTTGATTCTACTTCAATTGATCAAGGTATTTTA
GGGGTTGGTTATAAAACCAATGAAGCCGGTGGTAGTTATGATAATGTCCCTGTCACTTTA
AAAAAACAAGGAGTCATTGCTAAGAATGCTTATTCACTTTATCTTAATTCTCCAGATGCT
GCCACGGGACAAATAATTTTCGGTGGGGTTGATAATGCTAAATATAGTGGTTCATTAATT
GCATTACCAGTTACTTCTGATCGTGAATTAAGAATTAGTTTGGGTTCAGTTGAAGTTTCT
GGTAAAACCATCAATACTGATAATGTCGATGTTCTTGTGGATTCAGGTACCACCATTACT
TATTTGCAACAAGATCTTGCTGATCAAATCATTAAAGCTTTCAATGGTAAATTAACTCAA
GATTCCAATGGTAATTCATTCTATGAAGTTGATTGTAATTTGTCAGGGGATGTTGTATTC
AATTTTAGTAAAAATGCTAAAATTTCCGTTCCAGCTTCCGAATTTGCTGCTTCTTTACAA
GGTGATGATGGTCAACCATATGATAAATGTCAATTACTTTTCGATGTTAATGATGCTAAC
ATTCTTGGTGATAACTTTTTGAGATCAGCTTATATTGTTTATGATTTGGATGATAATGAA
ATTTCTTTGGCTCAAGTCAAATATACTTCTGCTTCCAGTATTTCTGCCTTGACCTAA
GenBank Gene ID
GeneCard IDNone
GenAtlas ID
HGNC ID
Chromosome LocationNone
LocusNone
References
  1. Staib P, Kretschmar M, Nichterlein T, Hof H, Morschhauser J: Host versus in vitro signals and intrastrain allelic differences in the expression of a Candida albicans virulence gene. Mol Microbiol. 2002 Jun;44(5):1351-66. [12028383 ]
  2. Jones T, Federspiel NA, Chibana H, Dungan J, Kalman S, Magee BB, Newport G, Thorstenson YR, Agabian N, Magee PT, Davis RW, Scherer S: The diploid genome sequence of Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 11;101(19):7329-34. Epub 2004 May 3. [15123810 ]
  3. Ganesan K, Banerjee A, Datta A: Molecular cloning of the secretory acid proteinase gene from Candida albicans and its use as a species-specific probe. Infect Immun. 1991 Sep;59(9):2972-7. [1879921 ]
  4. Smolenski G, Sullivan PA, Cutfield SM, Cutfield JF: Analysis of secreted aspartic proteinases from Candida albicans: purification and characterization of individual Sap1, Sap2 and Sap3 isoenzymes. Microbiology. 1997 Feb;143 ( Pt 2):349-56. [9043112 ]
  5. De Bernardis F, Arancia S, Morelli L, Hube B, Sanglard D, Schafer W, Cassone A: Evidence that members of the secretory aspartyl proteinase gene family, in particular SAP2, are virulence factors for Candida vaginitis. J Infect Dis. 1999 Jan;179(1):201-8. [9841840 ]
  6. Schaller M, Januschke E, Schackert C, Woerle B, Korting HC: Different isoforms of secreted aspartyl proteinases (Sap) are expressed by Candida albicans during oral and cutaneous candidosis in vivo. J Med Microbiol. 2001 Aug;50(8):743-7. [11478679 ]
  7. Farley PC, Christeller JT, Sullivan ME, Sullivan PA, Laing WA: Analysis of the interaction between the aspartic peptidase inhibitor SQAPI and aspartic peptidases using surface plasmon resonance. J Mol Recognit. 2002 May-Jun;15(3):135-44. [12203839 ]
  8. Schaller M, Bein M, Korting HC, Baur S, Hamm G, Monod M, Beinhauer S, Hube B: The secreted aspartyl proteinases Sap1 and Sap2 cause tissue damage in an in vitro model of vaginal candidiasis based on reconstituted human vaginal epithelium. Infect Immun. 2003 Jun;71(6):3227-34. [12761103 ]
  9. Schaller M, Korting HC, Borelli C, Hamm G, Hube B: Candida albicans-secreted aspartic proteinases modify the epithelial cytokine response in an in vitro model of vaginal candidiasis. Infect Immun. 2005 May;73(5):2758-65. [15845479 ]
  10. Copping VM, Barelle CJ, Hube B, Gow NA, Brown AJ, Odds FC: Exposure of Candida albicans to antifungal agents affects expression of SAP2 and SAP9 secreted proteinase genes. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005 May;55(5):645-54. Epub 2005 Apr 8. [15820985 ]
  11. Gropp K, Schild L, Schindler S, Hube B, Zipfel PF, Skerka C: The yeast Candida albicans evades human complement attack by secretion of aspartic proteases. Mol Immunol. 2009 Dec;47(2-3):465-75. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.019. Epub 2009 Oct 31. [19880183 ]
  12. Pietrella D, Rachini A, Pandey N, Schild L, Netea M, Bistoni F, Hube B, Vecchiarelli A: The Inflammatory response induced by aspartic proteases of Candida albicans is independent of proteolytic activity. Infect Immun. 2010 Nov;78(11):4754-62. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00789-10. Epub 2010 Aug 16. [20713630 ]
  13. Aoki W, Kitahara N, Miura N, Morisaka H, Yamamoto Y, Kuroda K, Ueda M: Comprehensive characterization of secreted aspartic proteases encoded by a virulence gene family in Candida albicans. J Biochem. 2011 Oct;150(4):431-8. doi: 10.1093/jb/mvr073. Epub 2011 Jun 5. [21646240 ]
  14. Ramage G, Coco B, Sherry L, Bagg J, Lappin DF: In vitro Candida albicans biofilm induced proteinase activity and SAP8 expression correlates with in vivo denture stomatitis severity. Mycopathologia. 2012 Jul;174(1):11-19. doi: 10.1007/s11046-012-9522-2. [22302440 ]
  15. Staniszewska M, Bondaryk M, Siennicka K, Kurek A, Orlowski J, Schaller M, Kurzatkowski W: In vitro study of secreted aspartyl proteinases Sap1 to Sap3 and Sap4 to Sap6 expression in Candida albicans pleomorphic forms. Pol J Microbiol. 2012;61(4):247-56. [23484407 ]
  16. Bochenska O, Rapala-Kozik M, Wolak N, Bras G, Kozik A, Dubin A, Aoki W, Ueda M, Mak P: Secreted aspartic peptidases of Candida albicans liberate bactericidal hemocidins from human hemoglobin. Peptides. 2013 Oct;48:49-58. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.023. Epub 2013 Aug 6. [23927842 ]

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