EC number:1.14.13.224

Enzyme

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     1. Oxidoreductases
        1.14 Acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
            1.14.13 With NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen into the other donor
ID:1.14.13.224
Description:Violacein synthase.
Alternative Name: Proviolaceinate monooxygenase.
Cath: 3.30.9.20; 3.50.50.60;

3D structure

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PDB

References

External Links

UniProtKB Enzyme Link: UniProtKB 1.14.13.224
BRENDA Enzyme Link: BRENDA 1.14.13.224
KEGG Enzyme Link: KEGG1.14.13.224
BioCyc Enzyme Link: BioCyc 1.14.13.224
ExPASy Enzyme Link: ExPASy1.14.13.224
EC2PDB Enzyme Link: EC2PDB 1.14.13.224
ExplorEnz Enzyme Link: ExplorEnz 1.14.13.224
PRIAM enzyme-specific profiles Link: PRIAM 1.14.13.224
IntEnz Enzyme Link: IntEnz 1.14.13.224
MEDLINE Enzyme Link: MEDLINE 1.14.13.224

EC number:1.14.13.224

MSA:

1.14.13.224;
Phylogenetic Tree:

1.14.13.224;
Uniprot:
M-CSA:
RHEA:49116 H(+) + NADPH + O2 + protodeoxyviolaceinate = deoxyviolaceinate + H2O + NADP(+)
RULE(radius=1) [*:1]-[N;H0;+0:2]1-[CH;+0:3]=[C;H0;+0:4](-[*:5])-[CH2;+0:6]-[CH;+0:7]=[CH;+0:8]-1.[*:9]:[cH;+0:10]:[*:11].[H+;H0:12].[O;H0;+0:13]=[O;H0;+0:14]>>[*:1]-[n+;H0:2]1:[cH;+0:3]:[c;H0;+0:4](-[*:5]):[cH;+0:6]:[cH;+0:7]:[cH;+0:8]:1.[*:9]:[c;H0;+0:10](:[*:11])-[OH;+0:13].[OH2;+0:14]
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References

TitleAuthorsDatePubMed ID
Violacein and related tryptophan metabolites produced by Chromobacterium violaceum: biosynthetic mechanism and pathway for construction of violacein core.Hoshino T2011 Sep21779844
Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function.Shinoda K, Hasegawa T, Sato H, Shinozaki M, Kuramoto H, Takamiya Y, Sato T, Nikaidou N, Watanabe T, Hoshino T2007 Oct 2817925955
In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum.Balibar CJ, Walsh CT2006 Dec 2617176066
RHEA:49120 H(+) + NADPH + O2 + protoviolaceinate = H2O + NADP(+) + violaceinate
RULE(radius=1) [*:1]-[N;H0;+0:2]1-[CH;+0:3]=[C;H0;+0:4](-[*:5])-[CH2;+0:6]-[CH;+0:7]=[CH;+0:8]-1.[*:9]:[cH;+0:10]:[*:11].[H+;H0:12].[O;H0;+0:13]=[O;H0;+0:14]>>[*:1]-[n+;H0:2]1:[cH;+0:3]:[c;H0;+0:4](-[*:5]):[cH;+0:6]:[cH;+0:7]:[cH;+0:8]:1.[*:9]:[c;H0;+0:10](:[*:11])-[OH;+0:13].[OH2;+0:14]
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References

TitleAuthorsDatePubMed ID
Violacein and related tryptophan metabolites produced by Chromobacterium violaceum: biosynthetic mechanism and pathway for construction of violacein core.Hoshino T2011 Sep21779844
Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function.Shinoda K, Hasegawa T, Sato H, Shinozaki M, Kuramoto H, Takamiya Y, Sato T, Nikaidou N, Watanabe T, Hoshino T2007 Oct 2817925955
In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum.Balibar CJ, Walsh CT2006 Dec 2617176066
RHEA:49652 H(+) + NADH + O2 + protoviolaceinate = H2O + NAD(+) + violaceinate
RULE(radius=1) [*:1]-[N;H0;+0:2]1-[CH;+0:3]=[C;H0;+0:4](-[*:5])-[CH2;+0:6]-[CH;+0:7]=[CH;+0:8]-1.[*:9]:[cH;+0:10]:[*:11].[H+;H0:12].[O;H0;+0:13]=[O;H0;+0:14]>>[*:1]-[n+;H0:2]1:[cH;+0:3]:[c;H0;+0:4](-[*:5]):[cH;+0:6]:[cH;+0:7]:[cH;+0:8]:1.[*:9]:[c;H0;+0:10](:[*:11])-[OH;+0:13].[OH2;+0:14]
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References

TitleAuthorsDatePubMed ID
Violacein and related tryptophan metabolites produced by Chromobacterium violaceum: biosynthetic mechanism and pathway for construction of violacein core.Hoshino T2011 Sep21779844
Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function.Shinoda K, Hasegawa T, Sato H, Shinozaki M, Kuramoto H, Takamiya Y, Sato T, Nikaidou N, Watanabe T, Hoshino T2007 Oct 2817925955
In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum.Balibar CJ, Walsh CT2006 Dec 2617176066
RHEA:49668 H(+) + NADH + O2 + protodeoxyviolaceinate = deoxyviolaceinate + H2O + NAD(+)
RULE(radius=1) [*:1]-[N;H0;+0:2]1-[CH;+0:3]=[C;H0;+0:4](-[*:5])-[CH2;+0:6]-[CH;+0:7]=[CH;+0:8]-1.[*:9]:[cH;+0:10]:[*:11].[H+;H0:12].[O;H0;+0:13]=[O;H0;+0:14]>>[*:1]-[n+;H0:2]1:[cH;+0:3]:[c;H0;+0:4](-[*:5]):[cH;+0:6]:[cH;+0:7]:[cH;+0:8]:1.[*:9]:[c;H0;+0:10](:[*:11])-[OH;+0:13].[OH2;+0:14]
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References

TitleAuthorsDatePubMed ID
Violacein and related tryptophan metabolites produced by Chromobacterium violaceum: biosynthetic mechanism and pathway for construction of violacein core.Hoshino T2011 Sep21779844
Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function.Shinoda K, Hasegawa T, Sato H, Shinozaki M, Kuramoto H, Takamiya Y, Sato T, Nikaidou N, Watanabe T, Hoshino T2007 Oct 2817925955
In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum.Balibar CJ, Walsh CT2006 Dec 2617176066
RHEA:49720 2 H(+) + NADH + 2 O2 + protoviolaceinate = CO2 + 2 H2O + NAD(+) + violacein
RULE(radius=1) [*:1]-[N;H0;+0:2]1-[CH;+0:3]=[C;H0;+0:4](-[*:5])-[CH2;+0:6]-[CH;+0:7]=[CH;+0:8]-1.[*:9]=[C;H0;+0:10](-[OH;+0:11])-[c;H0;+0:12]1:[nH;+0:13]:[c;H0;+0:14](-[c;H0;+0:15](:[*:16]):[*:17]):[cH;+0:18]:[c;H0;+0:19]:1-[c;H0;+0:20]1:[*:21]:[*:22]:[nH;+0:23]:[cH;+0:24]:1.[H+;H0:25].[H+;H0:26].[O;H0;+0:27]=[O;H0;+0:28].[O;H0;+0:29]=[O;H0;+0:30]>>[*:1]-[n+;H0:2]1:[cH;+0:3]:[c;H0;+0:4](-[*:5]):[cH;+0:6]:[cH;+0:7]:[cH;+0:8]:1.[*:16]:[c;H0;+0:15](:[*:17])-[C;H0;+0:14]1=[CH;+0:18]-[C;H0;+0:19](=[C;H0;+0:20]2-[*:21]:[*:22]-[NH;+0:23]-[C;H0;+0:24]-2=[O;H0;+0:28])-[C;H0;+0:12](=[O;H0;+0:27])-[NH;+0:13]-1.[*:9]=[C;H0;+0:10]=[O;H0;+0:11].[OH2;+0:29].[OH2;+0:30]
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References

TitleAuthorsDatePubMed ID
Violacein and related tryptophan metabolites produced by Chromobacterium violaceum: biosynthetic mechanism and pathway for construction of violacein core.Hoshino T2011 Sep21779844
Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function.Shinoda K, Hasegawa T, Sato H, Shinozaki M, Kuramoto H, Takamiya Y, Sato T, Nikaidou N, Watanabe T, Hoshino T2007 Oct 2817925955
In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum.Balibar CJ, Walsh CT2006 Dec 2617176066
RHEA:49728 2 H(+) + NADPH + 2 O2 + protoviolaceinate = CO2 + 2 H2O + NADP(+) + violacein
RULE(radius=1) [*:1]-[N;H0;+0:2]1-[CH;+0:3]=[C;H0;+0:4](-[*:5])-[CH2;+0:6]-[CH;+0:7]=[CH;+0:8]-1.[*:9]=[C;H0;+0:10](-[OH;+0:11])-[c;H0;+0:12]1:[nH;+0:13]:[c;H0;+0:14](-[c;H0;+0:15](:[*:16]):[*:17]):[cH;+0:18]:[c;H0;+0:19]:1-[c;H0;+0:20]1:[*:21]:[*:22]:[nH;+0:23]:[cH;+0:24]:1.[H+;H0:25].[H+;H0:26].[O;H0;+0:27]=[O;H0;+0:28].[O;H0;+0:29]=[O;H0;+0:30]>>[*:1]-[n+;H0:2]1:[cH;+0:3]:[c;H0;+0:4](-[*:5]):[cH;+0:6]:[cH;+0:7]:[cH;+0:8]:1.[*:16]:[c;H0;+0:15](:[*:17])-[C;H0;+0:14]1=[CH;+0:18]-[C;H0;+0:19](=[C;H0;+0:20]2-[*:21]:[*:22]-[NH;+0:23]-[C;H0;+0:24]-2=[O;H0;+0:28])-[C;H0;+0:12](=[O;H0;+0:27])-[NH;+0:13]-1.[*:9]=[C;H0;+0:10]=[O;H0;+0:11].[OH2;+0:29].[OH2;+0:30]
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References

TitleAuthorsDatePubMed ID
Violacein and related tryptophan metabolites produced by Chromobacterium violaceum: biosynthetic mechanism and pathway for construction of violacein core.Hoshino T2011 Sep21779844
Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function.Shinoda K, Hasegawa T, Sato H, Shinozaki M, Kuramoto H, Takamiya Y, Sato T, Nikaidou N, Watanabe T, Hoshino T2007 Oct 2817925955
In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum.Balibar CJ, Walsh CT2006 Dec 2617176066
RHEA:49732 H(+) + O2 + violaceinate = CO2 + H2O + violacein
RULE(radius=1) [*:1]:[c;H0;+0:2]1:[nH;+0:3]:[c;H0;+0:4](-[OH;+0:5]):[c;H0;+0:6](-[c;H0;+0:7]2:[cH;+0:8]:[c;H0;+0:9](-[c;H0;+0:10](:[*:11]):[*:12]):[nH;+0:13]:[c;H0;+0:14]:2-[C;H0;+0:15](=[*:16])-[OH;+0:17]):[c;H0;+0:18]:1:[*:19].[H+;H0:20].[O;H0;+0:21]=[O;H0;+0:22]>>[*:1]:[c;H0;+0:2]1:[c;H0;+0:18](:[*:19])-[NH;+0:3]-[C;H0;+0:4](=[O;H0;+0:5])-[C;H0;+0:6]-1=[C;H0;+0:7]1-[CH;+0:8]=[C;H0;+0:9](-[c;H0;+0:10](:[*:11]):[*:12])-[NH;+0:13]-[C;H0;+0:14]-1=[O;H0;+0:22].[*:16]=[C;H0;+0:15]=[O;H0;+0:17].[OH2;+0:21]
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References

TitleAuthorsDatePubMed ID
Violacein and related tryptophan metabolites produced by Chromobacterium violaceum: biosynthetic mechanism and pathway for construction of violacein core.Hoshino T2011 Sep21779844
Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function.Shinoda K, Hasegawa T, Sato H, Shinozaki M, Kuramoto H, Takamiya Y, Sato T, Nikaidou N, Watanabe T, Hoshino T2007 Oct 2817925955
In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum.Balibar CJ, Walsh CT2006 Dec 2617176066
RHEA:49736 2 H(+) + NADH + 2 O2 + protodeoxyviolaceinate = CO2 + deoxyviolacein + 2 H2O + NAD(+)
RULE(radius=1) [*:1]-[N;H0;+0:2]1-[CH;+0:3]=[C;H0;+0:4](-[*:5])-[CH2;+0:6]-[CH;+0:7]=[CH;+0:8]-1.[*:9]=[C;H0;+0:10](-[OH;+0:11])-[c;H0;+0:12]1:[nH;+0:13]:[c;H0;+0:14](-[c;H0;+0:15](:[*:16]):[*:17]):[cH;+0:18]:[c;H0;+0:19]:1-[c;H0;+0:20]1:[*:21]:[*:22]:[nH;+0:23]:[cH;+0:24]:1.[H+;H0:25].[H+;H0:26].[O;H0;+0:27]=[O;H0;+0:28].[O;H0;+0:29]=[O;H0;+0:30]>>[*:1]-[n+;H0:2]1:[cH;+0:3]:[c;H0;+0:4](-[*:5]):[cH;+0:6]:[cH;+0:7]:[cH;+0:8]:1.[*:16]:[c;H0;+0:15](:[*:17])-[C;H0;+0:14]1=[CH;+0:18]-[C;H0;+0:19](=[C;H0;+0:20]2-[*:21]:[*:22]-[NH;+0:23]-[C;H0;+0:24]-2=[O;H0;+0:28])-[C;H0;+0:12](=[O;H0;+0:27])-[NH;+0:13]-1.[*:9]=[C;H0;+0:10]=[O;H0;+0:11].[OH2;+0:29].[OH2;+0:30]
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References

TitleAuthorsDatePubMed ID
Violacein and related tryptophan metabolites produced by Chromobacterium violaceum: biosynthetic mechanism and pathway for construction of violacein core.Hoshino T2011 Sep21779844
Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function.Shinoda K, Hasegawa T, Sato H, Shinozaki M, Kuramoto H, Takamiya Y, Sato T, Nikaidou N, Watanabe T, Hoshino T2007 Oct 2817925955
In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum.Balibar CJ, Walsh CT2006 Dec 2617176066
RHEA:49740 2 H(+) + NADPH + 2 O2 + protodeoxyviolaceinate = CO2 + deoxyviolacein + 2 H2O + NADP(+)
RULE(radius=1) [*:1]-[N;H0;+0:2]1-[CH;+0:3]=[C;H0;+0:4](-[*:5])-[CH2;+0:6]-[CH;+0:7]=[CH;+0:8]-1.[*:9]=[C;H0;+0:10](-[OH;+0:11])-[c;H0;+0:12]1:[nH;+0:13]:[c;H0;+0:14](-[c;H0;+0:15](:[*:16]):[*:17]):[cH;+0:18]:[c;H0;+0:19]:1-[c;H0;+0:20]1:[*:21]:[*:22]:[nH;+0:23]:[cH;+0:24]:1.[H+;H0:25].[H+;H0:26].[O;H0;+0:27]=[O;H0;+0:28].[O;H0;+0:29]=[O;H0;+0:30]>>[*:1]-[n+;H0:2]1:[cH;+0:3]:[c;H0;+0:4](-[*:5]):[cH;+0:6]:[cH;+0:7]:[cH;+0:8]:1.[*:16]:[c;H0;+0:15](:[*:17])-[C;H0;+0:14]1=[CH;+0:18]-[C;H0;+0:19](=[C;H0;+0:20]2-[*:21]:[*:22]-[NH;+0:23]-[C;H0;+0:24]-2=[O;H0;+0:28])-[C;H0;+0:12](=[O;H0;+0:27])-[NH;+0:13]-1.[*:9]=[C;H0;+0:10]=[O;H0;+0:11].[OH2;+0:29].[OH2;+0:30]
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References

TitleAuthorsDatePubMed ID
Violacein and related tryptophan metabolites produced by Chromobacterium violaceum: biosynthetic mechanism and pathway for construction of violacein core.Hoshino T2011 Sep21779844
Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function.Shinoda K, Hasegawa T, Sato H, Shinozaki M, Kuramoto H, Takamiya Y, Sato T, Nikaidou N, Watanabe T, Hoshino T2007 Oct 2817925955
In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum.Balibar CJ, Walsh CT2006 Dec 2617176066
RHEA:49744 deoxyviolaceinate + H(+) + O2 = CO2 + deoxyviolacein + H2O
RULE(radius=1) [*:1]:[c;H0;+0:2]1:[nH;+0:3]:[c;H0;+0:4](-[OH;+0:5]):[c;H0;+0:6](-[c;H0;+0:7]2:[cH;+0:8]:[c;H0;+0:9](-[c;H0;+0:10](:[*:11]):[*:12]):[nH;+0:13]:[c;H0;+0:14]:2-[C;H0;+0:15](=[*:16])-[OH;+0:17]):[c;H0;+0:18]:1:[*:19].[H+;H0:20].[O;H0;+0:21]=[O;H0;+0:22]>>[*:1]:[c;H0;+0:2]1:[c;H0;+0:18](:[*:19])-[NH;+0:3]-[C;H0;+0:4](=[O;H0;+0:5])-[C;H0;+0:6]-1=[C;H0;+0:7]1-[CH;+0:8]=[C;H0;+0:9](-[c;H0;+0:10](:[*:11]):[*:12])-[NH;+0:13]-[C;H0;+0:14]-1=[O;H0;+0:22].[*:16]=[C;H0;+0:15]=[O;H0;+0:17].[OH2;+0:21]
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References

TitleAuthorsDatePubMed ID
Violacein and related tryptophan metabolites produced by Chromobacterium violaceum: biosynthetic mechanism and pathway for construction of violacein core.Hoshino T2011 Sep21779844
Biosynthesis of violacein: a genuine intermediate, protoviolaceinic acid, produced by VioABDE, and insight into VioC function.Shinoda K, Hasegawa T, Sato H, Shinozaki M, Kuramoto H, Takamiya Y, Sato T, Nikaidou N, Watanabe T, Hoshino T2007 Oct 2817925955
In vitro biosynthesis of violacein from L-tryptophan by the enzymes VioA-E from Chromobacterium violaceum.Balibar CJ, Walsh CT2006 Dec 2617176066