2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl
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Basic Info
| Common Name | 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl(F03701) |
| 2D Structure | |
| Description | 2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl is one of 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PCBs are a group of synthetic organic compounds with 1-10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl. They were manufactured as commercial mixtures but banned in the 1970's because they were found to bioaccumulate and cause harmful health effects. However, PCBs do not break down readily and are still found in the environment. (L4) |
| FRCD ID | F03701 |
| CAS Number | 35065-27-1 |
| PubChem CID | 37034 |
| Formula | C12H4Cl6 |
| IUPAC Name | 1,2,4-trichloro-5-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)benzene |
| InChI Key | MVWHGTYKUMDIHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C12H4Cl6/c13-7-3-11(17)9(15)1-5(7)6-2-10(16)12(18)4-8(6)14/h1-4H |
| Canonical SMILES | C1=C(C(=CC(=C1Cl)Cl)Cl)C2=CC(=C(C=C2Cl)Cl)Cl |
| Isomeric SMILES | C1=C(C(=CC(=C1Cl)Cl)Cl)C2=CC(=C(C=C2Cl)Cl)Cl |
| Synonyms |
2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl
35065-27-1
PCB 153
1,1'-Biphenyl, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachloro-
HCBP
2,4,5,2',4',5'-Hexachlorobiphenyl
2,2',4,4',5,5'-Hexachloro-1,1'-biphenyl
PCB-153
UNII-ZRU0C9E32O
CB-153
|
| Classifies |
Illegal Additives
Pollutant
|
| Update Date | Nov 13, 2018 17:07 |
Chemical Taxonomy
| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
| Superclass | Benzenoids |
| Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
| Subclass | Biphenyls and derivatives |
| Intermediate Tree Nodes | Chlorinated biphenyls |
| Direct Parent | Polychlorinated biphenyls |
| Alternative Parents | |
| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
| Substituents | Polychlorinated biphenyl - Halobenzene - Chlorobenzene - Aryl halide - Aryl chloride - Hydrocarbon derivative - Organochloride - Organohalogen compound - Aromatic homomonocyclic compound |
| Description | This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as polychlorinated biphenyls. These are organic compounds containing at least two chlorine atoms attached to either benzene ring of the biphenyl moiety. |
Properties
| Property Name | Property Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | 360.864 |
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count | 0 |
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count | 0 |
| Rotatable Bond Count | 1 |
| Complexity | 258 |
| Monoisotopic Mass | 357.844 |
| Exact Mass | 359.841 |
| XLogP | 7.2 |
| Formal Charge | 0 |
| Heavy Atom Count | 18 |
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Defined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count | 0 |
| Isotope Atom Count | 0 |
| Covalently-Bonded Unit Count | 1 |
ADMET
| Model | Result | Probability |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | BBB+ | 0.9891 |
| Human Intestinal Absorption | HIA+ | 1.0000 |
| Caco-2 Permeability | Caco2+ | 0.8639 |
| P-glycoprotein Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8147 |
| P-glycoprotein Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.8786 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.9683 | |
| Renal Organic Cation Transporter | Non-inhibitor | 0.8266 |
| Distribution | ||
| Subcellular localization | Mitochondria | 0.8869 |
| Metabolism | ||
| CYP450 2C9 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.7864 |
| CYP450 2D6 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.8237 |
| CYP450 3A4 Substrate | Non-substrate | 0.6835 |
| CYP450 1A2 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.9474 |
| CYP450 2C9 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.7594 |
| CYP450 2D6 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9473 |
| CYP450 2C19 Inhibitor | Inhibitor | 0.8619 |
| CYP450 3A4 Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | 0.9253 |
| CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity | 0.8200 |
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene Inhibition | Weak inhibitor | 0.9499 |
| Non-inhibitor | 0.8371 | |
| AMES Toxicity | Non AMES toxic | 0.9594 |
| Carcinogens | Non-carcinogens | 0.5226 |
| Fish Toxicity | High FHMT | 0.9937 |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | High TPT | 0.9996 |
| Honey Bee Toxicity | High HBT | 0.6475 |
| Biodegradation | Not ready biodegradable | 0.9727 |
| Acute Oral Toxicity | III | 0.8273 |
| Carcinogenicity (Three-class) | Non-required | 0.6630 |
| Model | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Absorption | ||
| Aqueous solubility | -7.3272 | LogS |
| Caco-2 Permeability | 2.0325 | LogPapp, cm/s |
| Distribution | ||
| Metabolism | ||
| Excretion | ||
| Toxicity | ||
| Rat Acute Toxicity | 1.7831 | LD50, mol/kg |
| Fish Toxicity | -0.3132 | pLC50, mg/L |
| Tetrahymena Pyriformis Toxicity | 1.8338 | pIGC50, ug/L |
References
| Title | Journal | Date | Pubmed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes in sediments and biota from three tropicalmarine food webs: Application to chemical bioaccumulation assessment. | Environ Toxicol Chem | 2017 Sep | 28300282 |
| Altered fine motor function at school age in Inuit children exposed to PCBs,methylmercury, and lead. | Environ Int | 2016 Oct | 27575364 |
| Organohalogenated contaminants in type 2 diabetic serum from Jeddah, SaudiArabia. | Environ Pollut | 2016 Jun | 26897296 |
| Association between Several Persistent Organic Pollutants in Serum and Adipokine Levels in Breast Milk among Lactating Women of Korea. | Environ Sci Technol | 2015 Jul 7 | 26054256 |
| Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, seafood consumption, andtime-to-pregnancy. | Epidemiology | 2013 Mar | 23348067 |
| The effect of primary producers of experimental aquatic food chains on mercuryand PCB153 biomagnification. | Ecotoxicol Environ Saf | 2013 Aug | 23735895 |
| Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in Korean human milk:contamination levels and infant risk assessment. | J Environ Sci Health B | 2013 | 23374041 |
| Polychlorobiphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in conventional and organicbrands of milk: occurrence and dietary intake in the population of the CanaryIslands (Spain). | Chemosphere | 2012 Jul | 22472097 |
| Effect of a two-week treatment with low dose of ortho-substituted polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCB104 and PCB153) on VEGF-receptor system expression in the choroidplexus in adult ewes. | Pol J Vet Sci | 2012 | 23390750 |
| Bottlenose dolphins as indicators of persistent organic pollutants in the westernNorth Atlantic Ocean and northern Gulf of Mexico. | Environ Sci Technol | 2011 May 15 | 21526819 |
| The influence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and itsmetabolite-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) on mRNA expression for NP-I/OT and PGA, involved in oxytocin synthesis in bovine granulosa and luteal cells. | Reprod Toxicol | 2009 Nov | 19383538 |
| Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in human breast milk from various locations in Tunisia: levels of contamination,influencing factors, and infant risk assessment. | Environ Res | 2008 Sep | 18614165 |
| Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in lanner Falco biarmicus feldeggli Schlegel chicks and lanner prey in Sicily, Italy. | Ambio | 2008 Sep | 18833798 |
| Methylmercury at low doses modulates the toxicity of PCB153 on PC12 neuronal cellline in asynchronous combination experiments. | Food Chem Toxicol | 2008 Feb | 17980472 |
| NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) (CAS No. 35065-27-1) in female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (Gavage studies). | Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser | 2006 May | 16835634 |
| Effects of developmental co-exposure to methylmercury and2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) on cholinergic muscarinic receptors inrat brain. | Neurotoxicology | 2006 Jul | 16455139 |
| Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of a binary mixture of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) (Cas No. 57465-28-8) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) (CAS No. 35065-27-1) in female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (gavage studies). | Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser | 2006 Aug | 17160104 |
| A cross-sectional study of the association between persistent organochlorinepollutants and diabetes. | Environ Health | 2005 Nov 29 | 16316471 |
| Inter-population variations in concentrations, determinants of and correlationsbetween 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (p,p'-DDE): a cross-sectional study of 3161 men andwomen from Inuit and European populations. | Environ Health | 2005 Nov 11 | 16283941 |
| Bioaccumulation of PCBs in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis from seawater,sediment and food pathways. | Environ Pollut | 2005 Mar | 15572229 |
Targets
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent manner (PubMed:20074560). Isoform beta-cx lacks ligand binding ability and has no or only very low ere binding activity resulting in the loss of ligand-dependent transactivation ability. DNA-binding by ESR1 and ESR2 is rapidly lost at 37 degrees Celsius in the absence of ligand while in the presence of 17 beta-estradiol and 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen loss in DNA-binding at elevated temperature is more gradual.
- Gene Name:
- ESR2
- Uniprot ID:
- Q92731
- Molecular Weight:
- 59215.765 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor.
References
- Taccone-Gallucci M, Manca-di-Villahermosa S, Battistini L, Stuffler RG, Tedesco M, Maccarrone M: N-3 PUFAs reduce oxidative stress in ESRD patients on maintenance HD by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase activity. Kidney Int. 2006 Apr;69(8):1450-4. [16531984 ]
- General Function:
- Sulfotransferase activity
- Specific Function:
- Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of estradiol and estrone. May play a role in the regulation of estrogen receptor activity by metabolizing free estradiol. Maximally sulfates beta-estradiol and estrone at concentrations of 20 nM. Also sulfates dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, ethinylestradiol, equalenin, diethylstilbesterol and 1-naphthol, at significantly higher concentrations; however, cortisol, testosterone and dopamine are not sulfated.
- Gene Name:
- SULT1E1
- Uniprot ID:
- P49888
- Molecular Weight:
- 35126.185 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- PCBs can cause endocrine disurption by binding to estrogen sulfotransferase, which can stimulate the growth of certain cancer cells and produce other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction.
References
- Aoki Y: Polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans as endocrine disrupters--what we have learned from Yusho disease. Environ Res. 2001 May;86(1):2-11. [11386736 ]
- General Function:
- Pyridoxal phosphate binding
- Specific Function:
- Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine, L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin and L-tryptophan to tryptamine.
- Gene Name:
- DDC
- Uniprot ID:
- P20711
- Molecular Weight:
- 53925.815 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- PCB inhibition of aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase is believed to cause decreased dopamine synthesis.
References
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2000). Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). : http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp17.html
- General Function:
- Rna polymerase ii carboxy-terminal domain kinase activity
- Specific Function:
- Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC); as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. The substrates include transcription factors (such as ATF2, BCL6, ELK1, ERF, FOS, HSF4 or SPZ1), cytoskeletal elements (such as CANX, CTTN, GJA1, MAP2, MAPT, PXN, SORBS3 or STMN1), regulators of apoptosis (such as BAD, BTG2, CASP9, DAPK1, IER3, MCL1 or PPARG), regulators of translation (such as EIF4EBP1) and a variety of other signaling-related molecules (like ARHGEF2, DCC, FRS2 or GRB10). Protein kinases (such as RAF1, RPS6KA1/RSK1, RPS6KA3/RSK2, RPS6KA2/RSK3, RPS6KA6/RSK4, SYK, MKNK1/MNK1, MKNK2/MNK2, RPS6KA5/MSK1, RPS6KA4/MSK2, MAPKAPK3 or MAPKAPK5) and phosphatases (such as DUSP1, DUSP4, DUSP6 or DUSP16) are other substrates which enable the propagation the MAPK/ERK signal to additional cytosolic and nuclear targets, thereby extending the specificity of the cascade. Mediates phosphorylation of TPR in respons to EGF stimulation. May play a role in the spindle assembly checkpoint. Phosphorylates PML and promotes its interaction with PIN1, leading to PML degradation.Acts as a transcriptional repressor. Binds to a [GC]AAA[GC] consensus sequence. Repress the expression of interferon gamma-induced genes. Seems to bind to the promoter of CCL5, DMP1, IFIH1, IFITM1, IRF7, IRF9, LAMP3, OAS1, OAS2, OAS3 and STAT1. Transcriptional activity is independent of kinase activity.
- Gene Name:
- MAPK1
- Uniprot ID:
- P28482
- Molecular Weight:
- 41389.265 Da
References
- Tavolari S, Bucci L, Tomasi V, Guarnieri T: Selected polychlorobiphenyls congeners bind to estrogen receptor alpha in human umbilical vascular endothelial (HUVE) cells modulating angiogenesis. Toxicology. 2006 Jan 20;218(1):67-74. Epub 2005 Nov 15. [16293362 ]
- General Function:
- Phosphatase binding
- Specific Function:
- Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays also a role in initiation and regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors. About 160 substrates have already been discovered for ERKs. Many of these substrates are localized in the nucleus, and seem to participate in the regulation of transcription upon stimulation. However, other substrates are found in the cytosol as well as in other cellular organelles, and those are responsible for processes such as translation, mitosis and apoptosis. Moreover, the MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of the endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC); as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis. The substrates include transcription factors (such as ATF2, BCL6, ELK1, ERF, FOS, HSF4 or SPZ1), cytoskeletal elements (such as CANX, CTTN, GJA1, MAP2, MAPT, PXN, SORBS3 or STMN1), regulators of apoptosis (such as BAD, BTG2, CASP9, DAPK1, IER3, MCL1 or PPARG), regulators of translation (such as EIF4EBP1) and a variety of other signaling-related molecules (like ARHGEF2, FRS2 or GRB10). Protein kinases (such as RAF1, RPS6KA1/RSK1, RPS6KA3/RSK2, RPS6KA2/RSK3, RPS6KA6/RSK4, SYK, MKNK1/MNK1, MKNK2/MNK2, RPS6KA5/MSK1, RPS6KA4/MSK2, MAPKAPK3 or MAPKAPK5) and phosphatases (such as DUSP1, DUSP4, DUSP6 or DUSP16) are other substrates which enable the propagation the MAPK/ERK signal to additional cytosolic and nuclear targets, thereby extending the specificity of the cascade.
- Gene Name:
- MAPK3
- Uniprot ID:
- P27361
- Molecular Weight:
- 43135.16 Da
References
- Tavolari S, Bucci L, Tomasi V, Guarnieri T: Selected polychlorobiphenyls congeners bind to estrogen receptor alpha in human umbilical vascular endothelial (HUVE) cells modulating angiogenesis. Toxicology. 2006 Jan 20;218(1):67-74. Epub 2005 Nov 15. [16293362 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism and secretion of potentially harmful xenobiotics, drugs and endogenous compounds. Activated by the antibiotic rifampicin and various plant metabolites, such as hyperforin, guggulipid, colupulone, and isoflavones. Response to specific ligands is species-specific. Activated by naturally occurring steroids, such as pregnenolone and progesterone. Binds to a response element in the promoters of the CYP3A4 and ABCB1/MDR1 genes.
- Gene Name:
- NR1I2
- Uniprot ID:
- O75469
- Molecular Weight:
- 49761.245 Da
References
- Kretschmer XC, Baldwin WS: CAR and PXR: xenosensors of endocrine disrupters? Chem Biol Interact. 2005 Aug 15;155(3):111-28. [16054614 ]
- General Function:
- Identical protein binding
- Specific Function:
- Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain.
- Gene Name:
- TTR
- Uniprot ID:
- P02766
- Molecular Weight:
- 15886.88 Da
References
- Hamers T, Kamstra JH, Cenijn PH, Pencikova K, Palkova L, Simeckova P, Vondracek J, Andersson PL, Stenberg M, Machala M: In vitro toxicity profiling of ultrapure non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl congeners and their relative toxic contribution to PCB mixtures in humans. Toxicol Sci. 2011 May;121(1):88-100. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr043. Epub 2011 Feb 25. [21357386 ]
- General Function:
- Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase activity
- Specific Function:
- Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons.
- Gene Name:
- TH
- Uniprot ID:
- P07101
- Molecular Weight:
- 58599.545 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- PCB inhibition of tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is believed to cause decreased dopamine synthesis.
References
- ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2000). Toxicological profile for polychlorinated biphenyls. U.S. Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). : http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp17.html
- General Function:
- Polychlorinated biphenyl binding
- Specific Function:
- Binds phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and weakly progesterone, potent inhibitor of phospholipase A2.
- Gene Name:
- SCGB1A1
- Uniprot ID:
- P11684
- Molecular Weight:
- 9993.6 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- PCBs will bioaccumulate by binding to receptor proteins such as uteroglobin.
References
- Troisi GM, Haraguchi K, Kaydoo DS, Nyman M, Aguilar A, Borrell A, Siebert U, Mason CF: Bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenylethane (DDE) methyl sulfones in tissues of seal and dolphin morbillivirus epizootic victims. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2001 Jan 12;62(1):1-8. [11205532 ]
- General Function:
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function:
- Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter. Recruited to the NF-kappa-B response element of the CCL2 and IL8 promoters and can displace CREBBP. Present with NF-kappa-B components RELA/p65 and NFKB1/p50 on ERE sequences. Can also act synergistically with NF-kappa-B to activate transcription involving respective recruitment adjacent response elements; the function involves CREBBP. Can activate the transcriptional activity of TFF1. Also mediates membrane-initiated estrogen signaling involving various kinase cascades. Isoform 3 is involved in activation of NOS3 and endothelial nitric oxide production. Isoforms lacking one or several functional domains are thought to modulate transcriptional activity by competitive ligand or DNA binding and/or heterodimerization with the full length receptor. Essential for MTA1-mediated transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 and BCAS3. Isoform 3 can bind to ERE and inhibit isoform 1.
- Gene Name:
- ESR1
- Uniprot ID:
- P03372
- Molecular Weight:
- 66215.45 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Causes endocrine disruption in humans by binding to and inhibiting the estrogen receptor.
References
- Taccone-Gallucci M, Manca-di-Villahermosa S, Battistini L, Stuffler RG, Tedesco M, Maccarrone M: N-3 PUFAs reduce oxidative stress in ESRD patients on maintenance HD by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase activity. Kidney Int. 2006 Apr;69(8):1450-4. [16531984 ]
- General Function:
- Transcription regulatory region dna binding
- Specific Function:
- Ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Binds to the XRE promoter region of genes it activates. Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Involved in cell-cycle regulation. Likely to play an important role in the development and maturation of many tissues. Regulates the circadian clock by inhibiting the basal and circadian expression of the core circadian component PER1. Inhibits PER1 by repressing the CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 heterodimer mediated transcriptional activation of PER1.
- Gene Name:
- AHR
- Uniprot ID:
- P35869
- Molecular Weight:
- 96146.705 Da
- Mechanism of Action:
- Dioxin-like PCBs bind to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which disrupts cell function by altering the transcription of genes, mainly be inducing the expression of hepatic Phase I and Phase II enzymes, especially of the cytochrome P450 family.
References
- Safe S, Bandiera S, Sawyer T, Robertson L, Safe L, Parkinson A, Thomas PE, Ryan DE, Reik LM, Levin W, et al.: PCBs: structure-function relationships and mechanism of action. Environ Health Perspect. 1985 May;60:47-56. [2992927 ]